• A substantial proportion of VE was not explained by antibody levels, suggesting that anti-S or neutralizing antibodies are only one component of immune protection, and cellular immunity or non-neutralizing antibodies may also play a role in immune protection. (news-medical.net)
  • The development of a safe and broadly effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS has been elusive and, despite decades of effort, even the immunological responses that may lead to protective immunity remain largely undefined. (fnih.org)
  • Now in its fourth five-year grant period, the new CCVIMC 2.0 iteration will continue to evaluate cellular immune responses induced by vaccines in hopes of identifying immune correlates associated with robust and durable immunity. (fnih.org)
  • It is urgent to assess the level of immunity to smallpox in individuals vaccinated 43 or more years ago and evaluate their immunological susceptibility to MPXV. (nature.com)
  • Human vaccine clinical trials will deliver immunological and efficacy data that may reveal the relevance of the immunity and protection studied in the NHP models. (greenfacts.org)
  • Before the initiation of the RTS,S Phase III trial, a group of investigators led by Dr. Carlota Dobaño came together to develop and conduct a multicentre study, ancillary to the Phase III clinical trial, to investigate the immunological basis of RTS,S-induced immunity. (isglobal.org)
  • There is ongoing discussion about which aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 provide hallmarks of immunity (in other words, correlates of immunological protection). (ojcius.net)
  • Understanding protective influenza immunity and identifying immune correlates of protection poses a major challenge and requires an appreciation of the immune system in all of its complexity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By understanding the immunological basis for protective immunity, our goal is to inform TB vaccine design. (validate-network.org)
  • New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
  • My research encompasses theoretical, methodological and empirical studies related to various eco-immunological issues such as the identification and quantification of immune costs (both in terms of physiology and Darwinian fitness), direct and long-term (hidden) costs of infection (telomeres and senescence), sexual selection and honest signaling, sexually antagonistic selection (e.g. on immune gene (MHC) diversity and immunity effects of maternal programming (antibody and hormone transfer to offspring). (lu.se)
  • Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Subunit vaccines with well-defined antigens in combination with a suitable adjuvant offer the possibility to avoid these limitations and induce a strong T helper 1 (TH1) type immune response that has been associated with protection against MAP. (dtu.dk)
  • Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines aims to advance the understanding of specific immunological mechanisms involved in protection for efficacious vaccines and the immune correlates of the therapeutic action of Immune Based Therapies (IBTs). (gate2biotech.cz)
  • Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. (mdpi.com)
  • Pertussis is a re-emerging infectious disease and most scientist and clinicians working in this area believe that the current acellular pertussis vaccines, while safe, are sub-optimal in terms of long-term efficacy and their ability to induce immunological memory. (periscope-project.eu)
  • The PERISCOPE consortium has a plethora of opportunities to understand correlates of protection and inform the design of new vaccines. (periscope-project.eu)
  • We are seeking postdoctoral fellows to work on immunological studies directed at understanding immune responses and uncovering immunological correlates of protection following immunization and infection in humans with the long-term goal of accelerating the development of novel vaccines. (uab.edu)
  • Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
  • Intranasal CHIMs with SARS-CoV-2 were developed against the backdrop of the evolving Covid-19 pandemic and are currently being utilised to both assess viral kinetics, interrogate the local and systemic immunological responses post exposure, and identify immune correlates of protection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. (medsci.org)
  • The immunological mechanisms driving susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a recent viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remain elusive. (rutgers.edu)
  • In a recent study posted to the medRxiv * pre-print server, a team of researchers reviewed the published literature to find evidence for humoral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) correlate of protection (CoP). (news-medical.net)
  • Does a humoral correlate of protection exist for SARS-CoV-2? (news-medical.net)
  • The present study included 25 studies, written either in English or French, describing SARS-CoV-2 re-infection or breakthrough infections with the presence of robust antibody levels to evaluate humoral immune protection. (news-medical.net)
  • Novel correlates of protection are being explored, with humoral and cellular immune responses now more than ever at the forefront of vaccine research. (hvivo.com)
  • IMPORTANCE It is of special importance to find a safe and effective HIV/AIDS vaccine that can induce strong and broad T cell and humoral immune responses correlating with HIV-1 protection. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials in humans, complemented by active and passive immunization studies in non-human primates, have identified several key vaccine-induced immunological responses that may correlate with protection against HIV-1 infection. (researcher-app.com)
  • Conclusions This study highlight the effectiveness of CMV-based vaccine vectors, and shows that demarcated thresholds of vaccine-specific T cells could be defined that correlate to tumor protection. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, replication-competent NYVAC-C-KC vectors acquired relevant immunological properties as vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS, and the viral B19 molecule exerts some control of immune functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Studies will involve the use of advanced technologies and instrumentation such as high-parameter flow cytometry and mass cytometry (50+ parameters/cell) with a focus on complex data analyses, as well as the performance of a variety of molecular biology and immunological techniques depending on the research questions being addressed. (uab.edu)
  • Moreover, leveraging the extraordinary facilities and scientific expertise available at CIC bioGUNE, we will also focus on investigating the molecular mechanisms of the synthetic constructs by combining extensive immunological evaluations with molecular target identification studies and detailed conformational analysis. (cicbiogune.es)
  • ACAM2000, a replicating vaccinia virus-based second generation smallpox vaccine, can provide effective protection even after exposure to MPXV. (nature.com)
  • The findings of statistically independent genetic and beryllium exposure risks are not surprising, since chronic beryllium disease does not occur without beryllium exposure and occurs in persons without the HLA-DPB1(E69) marker, and there is no reason to assume that genetic risk and exposure risk correlate in the workforce. (cdc.gov)
  • Through this integration with the FMD-DISCONVAC project, we will be fulfilling the objectives of the EU call KBBE-2008-1-3-02: To substitute vaccine potency tests in animals by assays enabling a correlation of in-vitro tests based on immunological principles of antibody-based effector immune responses operating in vivo. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Based on immunological evidence obtained from previous work, we are developing in-vitro screening assays based on the relationship between protection and the avidity of specific antibody for binding to the pathogen in question. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Thus, we integrate mouse models with human data, exploit mouse genetics, develop innovative models and assays, to gain insight into the pathogenesis of TB, and how the immune system can be manipulated to improve protection against disease caused by TB. (validate-network.org)
  • This study is uniquely positioned to study the mechanisms of RTS,S vaccine action and immune correlates of vaccine-induced protection since the Phase III trial is probably the last opportunity in which there is an unvaccinated control group. (isglobal.org)
  • For quality assessment of each study, they used study quality assessment tools and used the cohort and cross-sectional tool to evaluate studies correlating vaccine effectiveness (VE) to antibody levels. (news-medical.net)
  • The objective was to define the mechanism of the growth inhibition of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) alone and evaluate its activity in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). (researchgate.net)
  • However, low dose inoculations via the IP or SC route or IN vaccination elicited vaccine-induced CD8 + T cell responses that did not reach protective thresholds for tumor protection. (bmj.com)
  • In the absence of an immunological correlate of protection, antigen-specific production of IFNgamma is a commonly used marker of a protective immune response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This program will provide standardized and reproducible immunological measurements from clinical and pre-clinical trials and share assay data to elucidate correlates of protection and inform HIV vaccine design strategies. (fnih.org)
  • The PERISCOPE (PERtussIS COrrelates of Protection Europe) consortium brings together internationally renowned scientists with many years of experience in Bordetella pertussis (Bp) research, clinical trials, bioinformatics, immunology and public health. (periscope-project.eu)
  • Nevertheless, successful vaccination against FMDV requires selection of the appropriately matching vaccine strain providing protection against a particular circulating field virus. (forschung3r.ch)
  • In addition, the tests have the potential to identify correlates of heterologous protection induced by vaccination. (forschung3r.ch)
  • A CoP of SARS-CoV-2, an immunological marker, could help determine the extent of protection against breakthrough or re-infection after a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. (news-medical.net)
  • Increasing scientific understanding of the characteristics of the immune response following flu vaccination that are associated with immune protection (also known as "correlates of protection. (cdc.gov)
  • Our findings suggest that most Chinese populations still maintain VTT-specific IgG antibodies for 42 or more years after smallpox vaccination and could provide some level of protection against MPXV. (nature.com)
  • Vaccination using VACV against smallpox has been shown to provide 85% protection against MPXV infection based on epidemiological features, as observed in Zaire in the past. (nature.com)
  • The theory explains the vulnerability of patients with co-morbidity characterized by atherosclerosis and the innate immune protection of children and young people (up to 30 ) who do not need any vaccination. (worldhealthcommittee.net)
  • We here determined using CMV as a vaccine platform whether critical thresholds of vaccine-specific T cell responses can be established that relate to tumor protection, and which factors control such thresholds. (bmj.com)
  • The collaboration of investigators with state of the art tools will allow us to go further than ever before in the analysis of vaccine-specific memory in search of correlates of protection. (periscope-project.eu)
  • To systematically investigate the relationship of opsonising antibodies with protection using a large panel of sera, we also have established a reporter system to measure opsonizing antibodies against FMDV. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Design, plan, perform, and interpret experiments to investigate the immunological and genetic basis of vaccine-induced protection against tuberculosis using the collaborative cross mouse panel, with an emphasis on identifying immune correlates of vaccine induced protection. (validate-network.org)
  • Neutralizing antibodies targeting the HA receptor-binding domain and antibodies that inhibit neuraminidase (NA) activity have been shown to correlate with protection against influenza infection ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although vaccine-induced protection can be predicted when high levels of virus neutralising antibodies are induced, this does not apply for vaccinates with relatively low levels of antibodies. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Crucially, these latter cells are required for generating immunological memory - in particular, for orchestrating the emergence of long-lived plasma cells 3 , which continue to secrete antiviral antibodies even when the virus has gone. (ojcius.net)
  • About 25 years ago 5 , it became evident that plasma cells can become memory cells themselves, and can secrete antibodies for long-lasting protection. (ojcius.net)
  • While adaptive immune responses such as neutralizing antibodies and influenza-specific T lymphocytes are contributing to the control of influenza virus, key factors of long-term protection are not well defined. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Still, one of the biggest hurdles is to know how the immune response in a mouse model will actually translate into the protection of humans, especially since correlates for effective protection against HIV infection in humans are not known. (greenfacts.org)
  • Immunological background: FcR-mediated anti-FMDV responses induced in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and macrophages (MF) as examples of antibody-mediated effector functions independent of direct virus neutralization. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Several included studies explored differences in geometric mean titers (GMTs) between cases and non-cases or associations between antibody levels and viral load with infection incidence or risk, found significant differences and associations further supporting an antibody target as a potential correlate. (news-medical.net)
  • Potential correlates of protection in these studies include V2-specific, polyfunctional, and broadly neutralizing antibody responses, as well as effector memory T cell responses. (researcher-app.com)
  • We are evaluating the relationship between protection and the capacity of a serum to promote Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of FMDV immune complexes by macrophages and dendritic cells in terms of virus destructionn, and Fc receptor-mediated IFN-alpha and cytokine responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (see Figure 1). (forschung3r.ch)
  • Immunological responses were measured in serum and nasal mucosal biopsies before and after bacterial inoculation. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • SARS-CoV-2's correlate remains elusive. (gabio.org)
  • While human patient studies have been instrumental in uncovering immune correlates of severe disease, these studies are fraught with considerable limitations. (rutgers.edu)
  • Conclusions: Given the ancestral and delta viral variants circulating during this study period, our results suggest that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine offered moderate protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and high protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations and assisted ventilation. (bvsalud.org)
  • While studies focusing on patients with mild/moderate infections are limited to immunological sampling of the peripheral blood, bronchioalveolar fluid (BALF), and nasopharynx , postmortem studies provide only a snapshot of diseased lung tissues. (rutgers.edu)
  • Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
  • CoPs could be classified as mechanistic CoPs (directly conferring protection), surrogate, absolute (guaranteeing definite immune protection only above a threshold CoP value), or relative (where higher levels of a biomarker correspond to more protection). (news-medical.net)
  • Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) is a critical component of the pro-inflammatory immune response that provides protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At this time, it has yet to be established whether there is a long-term immune response against SARS-CoV-2 (12) or protection against reinfection (17). (researchgate.net)
  • Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H5N1) titers were correlated. (cdc.gov)
  • The B subunit portion of cholera toxin (CTB) is a safe and effective oral immunizing agent in humans, affording protection against both cholera and diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxin (LT) (Clemens et al. (curehunter.com)
  • These beryllium gene-environment studies are unique among the occupational lung diseases because we understand the immunological basis of the hypersensitivity lung disease and have a non-invasive blood test, the beryllium-specific lymphocyte proliferation test, which demonstrates that acquired sensitisation is a disease precursor. (cdc.gov)
  • We tested the feasibility of using a human pneumococcal challenge model in Malawi to understand immune correlates of protection against carriage and to trial alternative vaccine candidates. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • The serotype 6B experimental human pneumococcal carriage model is feasible in Malawi and can now be used to determine the immunological correlates of protection against carriage and vaccine efficacy in this population. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • Employing a birth cohort study and samples from previously NoV-naïve children, this chapter strives to identify the correlates of protection. (uvm.edu)
  • The successful candidate will use a reverse immunology strategy to identify antigens that are associated with protection by using TCRs identified in the lungs of NHPs and people. (validate-network.org)
  • Initial results of the interim analysis have shown that the efficacy of RTS,S is moderate and questions have been raised regarding the duration of protection, which may be affected by differing malaria transmission intensities in trial sites. (isglobal.org)
  • Conventional phase 3 trials provide information on the direct protection conferred against infection or disease in vaccinated individuals, but they tell us little about possible indirect (ie, transmission-reducing) effects that afford protection to unvaccinated individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Developed tests will have the potential of serving as improved correlates of protection against homologous or closely related FMDV vaccine strains. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Collaboration between Industry and Academia is needed to better understand B. pertussis pathogenesis and immune correlates of protection. (periscope-project.eu)
  • This approach works well in certain boosting regimens, such as the Hepatitis B vaccine for health-care workers, But sussing out this so-called correlate of protection typically takes gobs and gobs of data. (gabio.org)
  • Is telomere length a key mediator of, or merely correlated with, disease-associated fitness costs? (lu.se)
  • Immunological responses across frailty strata were also studied in terms of leukocyte cellular distribution, cytokine levels and gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • We spent months building up shields against the virus, and we still don't know how long we can expect that protection to last. (gabio.org)
  • To keep our bodies from slipping back toward our immunological square one, where the virus could pummel the population again, researchers are looking to vaccine boosters-another round of shots that will buoy our defenses. (gabio.org)
  • Around the world, researchers and vaccine manufacturers have been, for months, preparing for what seems to be an inevitable end to our immunological détente with the virus. (gabio.org)
  • The experimental challenge of calves with midlog-phase frozen stock MAP cultures correlated well with whole-blood IFN-γ responses to PPDj in advanced weeks of the study, which signifies PPDj response as a marker of MAP experimental infection (Article 4). (dtu.dk)
  • The discovery of a correlate of protection will be a major achievement in the search of a more highly efficacious and durable malaria vaccine. (isglobal.org)
  • At the population level, a CoP may enhance the utility of serosurveys by enabling the assessment of the level of protection within a community. (news-medical.net)
  • She has also identified immunological correlates of feline retroviral infection, discovered the primary and co-receptor molecules for FIV infection, and more recently identified the first case of human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Humanized mice reveal a macrophage-enriched gene signature defining human lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. (rutgers.edu)