HumansPathogenic mechanismsImmunologyPhysiological mechanismsInnate immuneResponsesEffectorImmunologicalUnclearInfectionCellular mechanismsMolecular mechanismsReceptorsMiceVaccinesProcessesUnderstoodInductionPhenotypeCellsDependentReplicationExposureViralContrastStimuliDiscussesHallmarkCell memoryTypicallySignificantlyImmune responseResponseAnimal modelsFeaturesDiseaseRecallReinfectionAbilityOlderStudies
Humans2
- review the heterogeneity of the current models for memory T cells generation and maintenance in humans and mice. (scielo.br)
- This model provides insight into the mechanisms responsible for memory inflation and, because it is based on a vaccine vector, also is relevant to novel T cell-inducing vaccines in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathogenic mechanisms1
- Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) are examples of human diseases whose etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunology1
- Ahmed, director of the Emory Vaccine Center, a professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and an investigator at the Emory Center for AIDS research, will receive the 2017 William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic Immunology for his seminal work on immune memory, as well as his definitive studies of the role of PD-1 receptor in T cell exhaustion during chronic infection. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Physiological mechanisms2
- Literature review of physiological mechanisms of nutraceuticals that impact cognition. (uschirodirectory.com)
- Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting have been shown to be tratamiento coadyuvante novel and beneficial strategies in neurodegenerative diseases, through immune, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Innate immune1
- Once thought to be purely "autoimmune" diseases triggered by a breakdown of the mechanisms that distinguish "self" from "non-self," it is becoming increasingly clear that these diseases involve complex interactions between the adaptive immune system (where these distinctions are made and immunologic memory is "stored") and the innate immune system (the parts of the immune system that do not require prior antigen exposure for optimal function) [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Responses10
- Priming is the process of subliminally arousing specific responses from memory and shows that not all memory is consciously activated, whereas procedural memory is the slow and gradual learning of skills that often occurs without conscious attention to learning. (wikipedia.org)
- As a result there is no one single immune system, but rather a sophisticated network of various defensive mechanisms operating on different levels, ranging from mechanisms common for every sessile cell in the body to specialized mobile immune cells and responses in the whole mechanism. (pabst-science-publishers.com)
- The Scherer Lab at Emory University (Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases) aims to understand immune mechanisms that underlie durable and protective B cell responses in order to more reliably design infectious disease vaccines that provide life-long immunity. (icims.com)
- The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
- One reason for this may be that A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines preferentially recall memory B cell responses to crossreactive epitopes in seasonal vaccine viruses, eliciting antibodies that do not effectively inhibit hemagglutination of the pandemic virus. (cdc.gov)
- Although this predictable pattern of CD8 T-cell responses is well established, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating the transition to T(M) cells remain undefined. (nih.gov)
- Enhanced secondary Ab responses are a vital component of adaptive immunity, yet little is understood about the intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of naive and memory B cells that results in differences in their responses to Ag. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- This study demonstrates that upregulation of genes involved in activation, co-stimulation and survival provides memory B cells with a unique ability to produce enhanced immune responses and contributes to the maintenance of the memory B cell pool. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
- The advantages of adaptive responses are their long-lived memories and the ability to adapt to new types of infections. (primaryimmune.org)
Effector7
- Consistent with reduced thymopoiesis, dietary obesity led to reduction in peripheral naive T cells with increased frequency of effector-memory cells. (nih.gov)
- In multicellular organisms, specialized immune cells have evolved, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer lymphocites, T and B lymphocytes (in terms of effector cells and memory cells). (pabst-science-publishers.com)
- They conclude that although armed with highly distinct effector functions, there are many parallels between the T cell and B cell components of the immune response and their conversion into memory. (scielo.br)
- Recent studies indicate that memory T lymphocytes contain distinct populations of central memory (T CM cells) and effector memory (T EM ) cells characterized by distinct homing capacity and effector function. (scielo.br)
- CD8(+) T cell memory inflation, first described in murine CMV (MCMV) infection, is characterized by the accumulation of high-frequency, functional Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell pools with an effector-memory phenotype and enrichment in peripheral organs. (ox.ac.uk)
- The model includes two types: central memory (TCMs) and effector memory (TEMs). (labcanada.com)
- CD8 T cells, which have a crucial role in immunity to infection and cancer, are maintained in constant numbers, but on antigen stimulation undergo a developmental program characterized by distinct phases encompassing the expansion and then contraction of antigen-specific effector (T(E)) populations, followed by the persistence of long-lived memory (T(M)) cells. (nih.gov)
Immunological2
- The purpose of immunological memory is to protect a host from reinfection, to control persistent infection, and to protect immunologically immature fetuses and neonates by passive transfer of maternal antibody. (scielo.br)
- observe, 'evidence of immunological memory has been established for NK cells … which results in generation of antigen-specific antibodies. (sciforums.com)
Unclear3
- Although persistence of Ag is considered essential, the rules underpinning memory inflation are still unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
- However while the mechanism seemed to stem from destruction of cancer initiating cells, until now the mechanism was unclear. (labcanada.com)
- It remains unclear whether immunologic or nonimmunologic causes are primarily responsible for the gradual attrition of insulin independence with time. (hindawi.com)
Infection5
- Theories and mechanisms of infection and immunity. (millikin.edu)
- The primary objectives of this study are: - To determine the proportion of children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related death, rehospitalization or major complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and - To determine immunologic mechanisms and immune signatures associated with disease spectrum and subsequent clinical course during the year of follow-up. (stanford.edu)
- Yes nut still above suggest memory cells are meant for stronger and quick antibody immune response on re-exposure of same antigen/virus in sense re-infection to these memory cells. (sciforums.com)
- I mean to say that everything I've been able to learn in some 15 years, there is no immunologic memory in syphilis worth speaking of, and prior infection offers no protection whatsoever to subsequent challenge. (bio.net)
- The immune response to syphilis - a disease which is rarely resolved without *early* treatment - wanes over time, and untreated infection leads to an irreversibly non-responsive state, which leads me to suspect that some sort of tolerogenic or immune-switching mechanism is operating in chronic disease, as suggested by the late Tom Fitzgerald. (bio.net)
Cellular mechanisms1
Molecular mechanisms2
- Further work is needed to study the effects on different types of tumours and to clarify the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. (labcanada.com)
- Lastly, we focus on the impact of inflammation on the immune system and the molecular mechanisms by which the inflamed immune microenvironment promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. (frontiersin.org)
Receptors2
- Defensive mechanisms composed of germline-encoded receptors constitute one particular system, known today as innate immunity. (pabst-science-publishers.com)
- In jaw vertebrates, this system is supplemented with a second system, the adaptive immune response, which, in contrast to the innate immune response, is based on diversification of immune receptors and immunologic memory in each individual. (pabst-science-publishers.com)
Mice4
- In a very interesting review, P. MARRACK & J. KAPPLER focus on naïve, activated, and memory T cells survival separately, and discuss experiments done in vitro and in mice lacking or containing normal populations of lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
- After i.v. administration in C57BL/6 mice, we observed marked memory inflation in the βgal96 epitope, whereas a second epitope, βgal497, undergoes classical memory formation. (ox.ac.uk)
- When the mice were subsequently re-injected with twice the amount of cancer cells, no tumours formed suggesting an immunologic memory response. (labcanada.com)
- Further comparisons revealed specific memory characteristics and protein producing abilities in the T cells of metformin treated mice. (labcanada.com)
Vaccines3
- Several recently developed non-live vaccines do not contain antigen but employ RNA or DNA to instruct the recipient's own cellular mechanism to generate antigenic material. (cdc.gov)
- Unconjugated polysaccharide vaccines do not induce T-cell memory, and additional doses (although they elicit the same or a lower antibody concentration) might increase the duration of protection. (cdc.gov)
- Conjugation with a protein carrier improves the effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines by inducing T-lymphocyte-dependent immunologic function ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Processes1
- put out new autoimmune hypothesis for atherogenesis in the context of many data that speak for an important role of inflammatory-immunologic processes. (scielo.br)
Understood4
- Memory is often understood as an informational processing system with explicit and implicit functioning that is made up of a sensory processor, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory. (wikipedia.org)
- The timing and mechanisms driving this process are still not fully understood. (bioone.org)
- This characteristic is in striking contrast with insulin-based diabetes treatments, which are linked to increases in cancer, however the mechanism behind metformin's anticancer effects has so far not been well understood. (labcanada.com)
- Although these 'memory T cells' are not yet well understood, a classification model has been proposed on the basis of acute viral studies. (labcanada.com)
Induction2
Phenotype1
- These CD3/CD46-stimulated IL-10-producing CD4 + cells proliferate strongly, suppress activation of bystander T cells and acquire a memory phenotype. (nature.com)
Cells16
- describe how T and B cell memory is generate in response to virus infections and how these cells respond when the host is infected again by similar or different viruses. (scielo.br)
- In the B cell system protective memory is mediated by plasma cells that secrete antibodies, whereas reactive memory is mediated by memory B cells that proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells in response to secondary antigenic stimulation. (scielo.br)
- In order to reveal dynamic chromatin landscape of precursor cells and decipher the underlying molecular mechanism driving early mouse organogenesis, we performed single-cell ATAC-seq of E8.5-E10.5 mouse embryos. (bvsalud.org)
- Sakaguchi, S. Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. (nature.com)
- Parker sg, mcleod a, mccue p, phelps k, people: Systematic review of int j cancer her2 for metastatic breast cancer risk, and its metabolites liver tests that detect memory cells are mostly applied as a repository form for the purpose of cleaning is difcult (see sect. (themauimiracle.org)
- Recent data demonstrate that the recruitment of dendritic cells to neoplastic lesions (and hence the priming of tumor-specific CD8 + T cells) is highly dependent on radiotherapy dose and fractionation through a mechanism that involves the accumulation of double-stranded DNA in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and consequent type I IFN release. (aacrjournals.org)
- Similarly when new same antigens will be exposed{ask memory sells in this analogy) to memory cells then only they will be quickly stimulated to secrate new relevant antibodies(sing a memorized song in analog) not without antigenic exposure. (sciforums.com)
- Simple difference in primary antibody immune response and secondary immune response by B cells and Memory B cell is just time. (sciforums.com)
- Without re-exposure memory cells can not be stimulated. (sciforums.com)
- But anyway re-antigenic exposure to memory cells is a basic condition. (sciforums.com)
- Blimp-1, an intrinsic factor that represses HIV-1 proviral transcription in memory CD4+ T cells. (bu.edu)
- Genes up-regulated in comparison of IgM-memory B cells versus plasma cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- Microarray analysis, together with surface and intracellular phenotyping, revealed that memory B cells have increased expression of members of the TNF receptor, SLAM, B7 and Bcl2 families, as well as the TLR-related molecule CD180 (RP105). (gsea-msigdb.org)
- Accordingly, memory B cells exhibited enhanced survival, proliferation and Ig secretion, as well as entered division more rapidly than na ve B cells in response to both T-dependent and T-independent stimuli. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- Furthermore, both IgM and isotype switched memory B cells, but not na ve B cells, co-stimulated CD4+ T cells in vitro through a mechanism dependent on their constitutive expression of CD80 and CD86. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- tion that involves immune memory, typically tial research needs, sufficient evidence already exists to justify greater emphasis on the potential risks antigen-specific T cells and/or antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Dependent1
- Memory inflation in this model is dependent on MHC class II. (ox.ac.uk)
Replication3
- These data define a new model for memory inflation, which is fully replication independent, internally controlled, and reproduces the key immunologic features of the CD8(+) T cell response. (ox.ac.uk)
- Hanley TM, Viglianti GA. Nuclear receptor signaling inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages through multiple trans-repression mechanisms. (bu.edu)
- These results suggest that the exogenous RuV CP increases efficiency of early viral genome replication by modulating the stage(s) prior to and/or at the initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis, possibly through a general mechanism such as protecting viral RNA. (cdc.gov)
Exposure1
- Immunosuppression by a mechanism such as genotox- general y recovers after cessation can result from kil ing of immune ef- icity or by the various mechanisms of exposure. (who.int)
Viral1
- This funding opportunity will support single-project basic research grants that develop novel therapeutics directed to intracellular HIV targets by various mechanisms including but not limited to protein degradation, targeting of viral RNA through inhibiting RNA processing (splicing, translation, etc.) as well as degradation. (nih.gov)
Contrast1
- The nature of immunologic memory was extensively studied and it was found that IgM-immunologic memory is short-lived in contrast to IgG-memory. (dtic.mil)
Stimuli2
- Information in the form of stimuli is encoded in accordance with explicit or implicit functions by the working memory processor. (wikipedia.org)
- Haptic memory is a type of sensory memory that represents a database for touch stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
Discusses1
- In addition to presenting facts about learning, this article discusses topics on memory and language that are relevant to your exam. (lecturio.com)
Hallmark1
- Memory is the hallmark of the acquired immune system. (scielo.br)
Cell memory2
Typically1
- During evolution, each newly evolved defense mechanism typically did not replace the previous one, but instead, formed to supplement it. (pabst-science-publishers.com)
Significantly2
- Although the importance of the mitochondria as a central point of health has been accepted for decades, over the last few years the understanding of the mechanisms involved has changed significantly. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
- Working memory capacity is significantly decreased, something which is cited as a factor amongst the error prone Medical personnel. (caplin.com)
Immune response1
- However I am afraid, it still does not suggest that antibodies on secondary immune response can be secreted without presentation of same antigen to memory celks. (sciforums.com)
Response3
- First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
- This improved 'memory response' on second encounter was observed in the metformin study. (labcanada.com)
- Immunologic environment influences macrophage response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. (bu.edu)
Animal models1
- Pain, for example, has been identified as a physical condition that impairs memory, and has been noted in animal models as well as chronic pain patients. (wikipedia.org)
Features1
- This endemic pemphigus disease in El Bagre had immunologic features similar to pemphigus foliaceus or erythematosus. (medscape.com)
Disease1
- This immune deviation suggested above is probably the underlying mechanism in our 'new' disease called AIDS. (bio.net)
Recall1
- Short-term memory, not to be confused with working memory, allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. (wikipedia.org)
Reinfection1
- memory is meant to save us for reinfection by quickly responding to antigen/virus. (sciforums.com)
Ability1
- The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is an example of sensory memory. (wikipedia.org)
Older1
Studies1
- Recent scientific studies have identified many mechanisms by which structural, cultural, and individual racism can negatively impact health ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)