• Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased levels of rhodopsin and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) proteins and increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and calretinin in WNIN/GR-Ob rats compared with the age-matched lean controls, further supporting cellular stress/damage and retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Compared with their wild-type counterparts, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to 20% of choroid plexus papilloma patients may test positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we conducted neurological examinations and observed H-reflexes and chronological changes in both satellite glial cells (SGC) and microglia/macrophages using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), respectively, in the DRG. (researchsquare.com)
  • Specifically, we evaluated the H-reflex and expressions of GFAP and Iba-1 to determine if they changed with time in response to the subcutaneous injection of PDX for seven days. (researchsquare.com)
  • Human GFAP is a 49,749 dalton protein (432 amino acids) expressed in astrocytes. (neuromics.com)
  • GFAP is an intermediate filament protein and acts as an intracellular structural component of the cytoskeleton. (neuromics.com)
  • During embryonic and fetal life, GFAP is also expressed by radial glial cells of the CNS. (neuromics.com)
  • 2016). PINK1 expression increases during brain development and stem cell differentiation, and affects the development of GFAP-positive astrocytes . (neuromics.com)
  • Brains of animals inoculated with the ETX-producing strains showed decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased expression of aquaporin-4 in the end-feet processes of the astrocytes around blood vessels. (monash.edu)
  • The functional phenotype of astrocytes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show that astrocytes isolated from B6.129S6-Il10 tm1Flv /J homozygotes (IL-10 tm1/tm1 ) were prone to characteristics of A1 reactive astrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether or not they were stimulated with LPS, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited enhanced expression of A1-specific transcripts and proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, astrocytes from IL-10 tm1/tm1 mice showed attenuated phagocytic ability and were neurotoxic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Astrocytes comprise the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reactive astrocytes have been shown to enhance tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasive capabilities, and resistance to chemotherapy [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A1 neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes have been previously shown to be destructive to synapses, suggesting that A1 might have "harmful" functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • Astrocytes may be recognized as such by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), aquaporin-4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1, and other proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • To identify a nuclear marker pathognomonic of astrocytic phenotype, we assessed differential RNA expression by FACS-purified adult astrocytes and, on that basis, evaluated the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 in both mouse and human brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • Expression of SOX9 did not decrease during aging and was instead upregulated by reactive astrocytes in a number of settings, including a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SOD1G93A), middle cerebral artery occlusion, and multiple mini-strokes. (jneurosci.org)
  • The analysis showed that SOX9+ astrocytes constitute ∼10-20% of the total cell number in most CNS regions, a smaller fraction of total cell number than previously estimated in the normal adult brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, neuropathologists have found that glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, are activated in each of these disorders, accompanied by low-to-moderate levels of inflammatory mediators in the parenchyma [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In response to released cytokines from immune cells, perilesional astrocytes modify their phenotype and form the glial scar composed of astrocytes and a dense extracellular matrix within weeks following SCI [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schmidt-Kastner R, Szymas J. Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and S-100 protein for study of astrocytes in hippocampus of rat. (amarpharma.com)
  • Moreover, astrocytes throughout the striatum show a ciliation defect in all LRRK2 and PPM1H mutant models examined. (elifesciences.org)
  • The striatum is comprised primarily of medium spiny neurons, interneurons and glial cells such as astrocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • In particular, glial cells in nerve tissues include astrocytes and microglial cells and are accessory cells that aid in promoting the functions and survival of neurons. (justia.com)
  • The changes in TNF-α, pro-IL-1β, AP-1, NF-κB p65, pRIPK1, pTAK1 and TAK1 expression and astrocyte and microglia activation in the hippocampus were assessed. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Unsensitized animals challenged with TMA exhibited also an increased number of macrophages in BAL, but gene expression in the above-mentioned gene pathways was unchanged or down-regulated. (cdc.gov)
  • Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect JCV viral protein expression, neuronal and glial markers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression and migration ability were increased in RPE cells with knockout or knockdown of Caveolin-1 , whereas zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunohistochemistry showed reduced morphology and expression of ZO-1. (arvojournals.org)
  • Müller cells are the principal glial cells in the retina. (molvis.org)
  • Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have been shown to prevent brain damage and improve neurocognition following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptome comparisons of SOX9+ cells with GLT1+ cells showed that the two populations of cells exhibit largely overlapping gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • p63 is a p53-related DNA-binding protein that helps regulate differentiation and proliferation in epithelial progenitor cells [8]. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Histopathological examination showed lobules and fascicles of uniform partly spindle-shaped tumor cells with oval nuclei and intranuclear clear inclusions (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This analysis indicated that ZnO NPs can transfer into the CNS, activate glial cells and cause neuroinflammation after tongue instillation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • JC virus (JCV) is a polyomavirus that can infect brain glial cells causing a fatal disease, but may also be found throughout the normal gastrointestinal tract. (elsevierpure.com)
  • JCV infection co-localised with glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, a marker of enteric glial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We aimed to evaluate whether MONW-like animals present gene expression alterations in the hippocampus associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, and to identify early biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 2 ] The arachnoid cells have several proposed functions, including acting as a structural barrier with cellular wrapping/ensheathing, acting as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage/absorption into dural sinuses/veins (arachnoid villi), epithelial-like/secretory functions, monocytelike functions, trophic support and byproduct detoxification for glial and neuronal cells, and participation in reactive/reparative processes. (medscape.com)
  • Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Janeczko K. The proliferative response of S-100 protein-positive glial cells to injury in the neonatal rat brain. (amarpharma.com)
  • Le Gal La Salle G, Rougon G, Valin A. The embryonic type of neural cell surface molecule (E-NCAM) in the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid-induced standing epilepticus. (fikretcaglar.com)
  • The histopathological evaluation showed an alleviation of the inflammatory response, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a decrease in gliosis. (en-journal.org)
  • Our data also support the view that all types of CNS glial cells play an important, irreplaceable role in NDP. (hindawi.com)
  • Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and biochemical and vibrational spectroscopy techniques, we studied whether Parkinson's disease (PD) patient genomes could modulate alpha-synuclein (aSYN) protein aggregates formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, we discovered that aSYN protein aggregation is modulated by patient brain cells' intracellular milieus at the primary nucleation phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, there is no data that indicates if and how patient-specific brain cells' intracellular milieus modulate protein aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we studied changes in intracellular environment of PD patients' brain cells and how they modulate aSYN protein aggregation, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and biochemical methods combined with infrared spectroscopy technique. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, a method of converting glial cells from an M1 phenotype to an M2 phenotype, wherein Nurr1 and Foxa2 are introduced into the glial cells to be overexpressed in the glial cells and a method of preventing or treating an inflammatory neurologic disorder, which includes glial cells into which Nurr1 and Foxa2 are introduced, or a viral vector loaded with Nurr1 and Foxa2, are provided. (justia.com)
  • Cell 137: 47-59) has identified an unexpected effect of Nurr1 which is expressed in glial cells in response to stimuli which trigger inflammation, and this Nurr1 suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause the death of mDA neurons, but does not suggest a therapeutic effect through induction of Nurr1 expression. (justia.com)
  • However, under a pathologic condition, the glial cells are instead activated to set up an environment in which the glial cells cause damage to neurons (M1 activation). (justia.com)
  • Meanwhile, it is known that glial cells with an M1 phenotype which set up a diseased environment can be converted into glial cells with an M2 phenotype which promote a therapeutic environment in which the survival and regeneration of neurons is set up. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, the present inventors have found that various neurologic disorders based on inflammation may be treated since transcription factors Nurr1 and Foxa2 interact with each other to convert glial cells from an M1 phenotype to an M2 phenotype which sets up a therapeutic environment, when the transcription factors are overexpressed in the glial cells. (justia.com)
  • The chemokine CXCL12 is constitutively expressed in adult brain and expression of CXCL12 and its cognate receptor CXCR4 have been reported in regions of rat brain that construct dopamine (DA) and glutamate (GLU) pathways such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra (SN), and nucleus accumbens (NAc). (temple.edu)
  • The roles of extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and EMT in OSMF are supported by the fact that many mediators such as cytokines and proteins and many signaling pathways involved had been activated in disorders like OSMF, which alter the normal healing process [ 4 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Consistently, expression of genes enriched in neural development pathways is significantly disturbed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, murine behaviors were tested, and the hippocampus and cortex were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pretreatment IL-10 tm1/tm1 mice with IL-10 or fluorocitrate decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors and A1-specific transcripts in the hippocampus and cortex, and then alleviated LPS-induced depressive-like behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed that treatment with hUCB-MSCs attenuated neuronal loss and promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an area highly vulnerable to IVH-induced brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked increase in extracellular clusterin protein expression in the perilesional cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus (7d to 1 month post-TBI), and ipsilateral thalamus (14d to 12 months post-TBI). (nature.com)
  • Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this purpose we evaluated the gene expression profile of the two brain structures predominantly affected by brain damage, i.e. the cortex and the hippocampus, at four different stages of the disease in an infant rat model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-fat diet consumption altered the pattern of gene expression in the hippocampus, clearly pointing to cognitive decline, which was accompanied by a worse performance in the T-maze in HF60 animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Remarkably, Syn1 and Sorl1 mRNA showed the same expression pattern in both the hippocampus and the PBMC obtained at different time-points in the HF60 group, even before other pathological signs were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Systemic inflammation evoked by LPS also produced greater increases in proinflammatory cytokines, pentraxin 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription in prion-diseased mice than in control mice and induced microglial expression of IL-1β. (jneurosci.org)
  • Alendronate also led to reductions in the levels of inflammation-related molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators. (en-journal.org)
  • Expression of selected retinal marker genes was studied via real-time PCR. (molvis.org)
  • Here we show through systematic epigenetic studies that the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) promotes acetylation of histone 3 Lys 9 at the promoters of established key regeneration-associated genes following a peripheral but not a central axonal injury. (nature.com)
  • In search of key regulatory mechanisms that may clarify the molecular nature of this regenerative gene expression programme, we hypothesized that as an 'orchestrator of gene regulation' epigenetic changes would direct expression of genes crucial for regeneration only in the presence of pro-regenerative signalling following peripheral but not central damage. (nature.com)
  • Our results show the first evidence of immediate retrograde signalling leading to long-term epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression of select genes whose modulation leads to axonal regeneration in the hostile spinal environment. (nature.com)
  • Expression analysis of cognitive decline-related genes was performed using RT-qPCR, and working memory was assessed using a T-maze. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Detailed analysis of the m 6 A-methylomes of Ythdf2 −/− NSPCs identifies that the JAK-STAT cascade inhibitory genes contribute to neuroprotection and neurite outgrowths show increased expression and m 6 A enrichment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole genome analysis of lung, sampled 24 hours after challenge, showed expression changes of not only genes belonging to several Gene Ontology groups with up-regulation of inflammatory-associated genes and those associated with lung remodeling but also genes involved in downsizing these processes. (cdc.gov)
  • In people with choroid plexus tumors, complexes formed by the big T antigen and the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb have been shown to develop. (wikipedia.org)
  • General ENT examination showed a soft tumor in the nasopharynx. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using immunohistochemistry, the 3D cultures were shown to express markers as in the original DIG tumor tissue indicating that the spheroid cultures were able to maintain the heterogeneity found in the original tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Combining in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of NSPCs decrease significantly in Ythdf2 −/− embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early axonal injury was demonstrated with anti-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry. (monash.edu)
  • However, the final link between axonal injury-induced retrograde signalling and the regulation of essential regenerative gene expression remains elusive. (nature.com)
  • In addition, we observed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) axonal retrograde signalling is required for PCAF-dependent acetylation at these promoters and for their enhancement in gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Exendin-4 (E4), a long-acting agonist of the hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), is administered to treat type II diabetes in the clinical setting and also shows a neuroprotective effect. (molvis.org)
  • Our literature review showed an early clinical onset due to intracranial hypertension signs. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Using an approach that includes consideration of the morphologic features, appropriate immunohistochemistry, and correct clinical context aids in making the proper diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Results: Clinical studies demonstrated neurogenic impairment, and pathological analyses showed neuropathy in each patient with CUP. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We show here that SOX9 is an astrocyte-specific nuclear marker in all major areas of the CNS outside of the neurogenic regions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key molecule mediating necroptosis and regulated by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), was reported to be associated with cognitive impairment in several neurodegenerative diseases. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Increasing evidence shows that neurodegenerative diseases are partially caused and promoted by neuroinflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that brain cell type specific intracellular environments may play important roles in the generation of structurally different protein aggregates that define neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein aggregation is one of the major cellular hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the pineal region that caused an acute hydrocephalus, and an emergency shunt derivation was necessary. (thieme-connect.de)
  • We show that the conditional depletion of the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 in mice causes lethality at late embryonic developmental stages, with embryos characterized by compromised neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 modulates neural development by promoting m 6 A-dependent degradation of neural development-related mRNA targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intralesion injection of fundamental fibroblast development issue alters glial reactivity to neural trauma. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • In vivo, intracerebroventricular (ICV) CXCL12 has been shown to potentiate cocaine-induced locomotor activity. (temple.edu)
  • Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been shown to be associated with inflammatory response induced by SCI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies of peripheral systems show that tissue injury triggers not only inflammation but also a well-orchestrated series of events that leads to reversal of the inflammatory state. (silverchair.com)
  • and, hence, although they show some evidence of inflammation, they do not exhibit an inflammatory response that can be a response to neurodegeneration. (jneurosci.org)
  • To achieve this, we assessed proinflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, and expression of effector enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) after intracerebral and intraperitoneal LPS challenges. (jneurosci.org)
  • N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification in mRNAs was recently shown to be dynamically regulated, indicating a pivotal role in multiple developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, we showed that cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum lose their cilia in R1441C LRRK2 mutant mice (Dhekne et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Lambs treated with the wild-type and complemented strains showed perivascular and mural vascular edema, as well as serum albumin extravasation, particularly severe in the cerebral white matter, midbrain, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. (monash.edu)
  • The retinal morphology and ultrastructure of WNIN/GR-Ob and age-matched littermate lean rats were studied by microscopy and immunohistochemistry. (molvis.org)
  • 2018). Here, we show that cilia loss is seen as early as 10 weeks of age in these mice and also in two other mouse strains carrying the most common human G2019S LRRK2 mutation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Axial T2 magnetic resonance image showing a cerebellar vermian midline mass with contrast enhancement and obstruction of the 4th ventricle. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebellar hemispheric tumors of older children and adults show similar imaging features, except that contrast enhancement is more variable than in young children. (medscape.com)
  • Magnetic resonance image showing a lateral cerebellar mass with a "grapelike" lobular appearance characteristic of the extensively nodular medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: Old rats had low TAK1 expression and were more susceptible to surgery-induced POCD and neuroinflammation than young rats. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • TAK1 inhibition exacerbated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in young rats, and this effect was reversed by a RIPK1 inhibitor. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, genetic TAK1 overexpression attenuated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in old rats. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: Ageing-related decreases in TAK1 expression may contribute to surgery-induced RIPK1 overactivation, resulting in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in old rats. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • On this basis, we hypothesized that TBI leads to increases in the brain levels of clusterin protein, and consequently, increased plasma clusterin levels. (nature.com)
  • In addition, the rats supplemented with BB and SB diets showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, although the improvements in working memory performance could not solely be explained by these increases. (cambridge.org)
  • b Immunohistochemistry performed on 75-day old hiPSC-derived midbrain spheroids revealed abundance of TH/FOXA2-positive dopaminergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nurr1 continues to be expressed in adult mDA neurons, and the adult-onset deletion of the corresponding protein results in progressive loss of mDA neurons. (justia.com)
  • A level of Nurr1 in the mDA neurons decreases in the elderly and Parkinson's disease patients, and polymorphisms and mutations resulting in reduced expression of Nurr1 are associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. (justia.com)
  • Rats pretreated with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg AMD3100 prior to each pairing session showed significantly lower preference for the cocaine-paired side, whereas rats pretreated with 1 mg/kg AMD3100 showed similar preference for the cocaine-paired side as the saline controls when tested in the absence of the drug. (temple.edu)
  • Rats pretreated with AMD3100 (5 mg/kg, IP) just once prior to testing showed significantly lower preference for the cocaine-paired side. (temple.edu)
  • Rats pretreated with AMD3100, 30 minutes prior to reinstatement session, showed significantly lower number of lever presses indicating drug-seeking was not as robust compared to the saline pretreated controls. (temple.edu)
  • Our previous mRNA-seq data revealed a 1.8-2.5 fold increase in clusterin mRNA expression in lesioned brain areas in rats with lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI)-induced TBI. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, reduced formation of glial scar was found in SPC-01-transplanted rats along with enhanced gray matter preservation and reduced cavity size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, it has been shown that strawberry (SB) or blueberry (BB) supplementations, when fed to rats from 19 to 21 months of age, reverse age-related decrements in motor and cognitive performance. (cambridge.org)
  • The results showed that rats consuming the berry diets exhibited enhanced motor performance and improved cognition, specifically working memory. (cambridge.org)
  • The prognostic value of p63 expression in malignant tumours is controversial. (cyberleninka.org)
  • The m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 promotes mRNA degradation by recognizing m 6 A and recruiting the mRNA decay machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The m 6 A reader proteins Ythdf1-3 share a set of common mRNA targets and spatiotemporal interplay with each other cooperatively control translation and decay of these common targets in the cytosol [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, PNS injury triggers a coordinated regenerative gene expression programme. (nature.com)
  • However, the molecular link between retrograde signalling and the regulation of this gene expression programme that leads to the differential regenerative capacity remains elusive. (nature.com)
  • Beyond this time, no differences in global gene expression in infected and control animals were detectable by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results demonstrate that CXCR4 antagonism reduces development and expression of cocaine-induced CPP. (temple.edu)
  • We show that, using the ME7 model of prion disease, intracerebral challenge with LPS results in dramatic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression, neutrophil infiltration, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the brain parenchyma of prion-diseased mice compared with the same challenge in normal mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease produced by low levels of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein that affects alpha motoneurons in the spinal cord. (mdpi.com)
  • All six patients with p63-positive expression died due to disease or cardiovascular disease (mean survival time = 50.5 months), and p63 expression was statistically significant with respect to survival (P = 0.01). (cyberleninka.org)
  • however, there was no statistically significant difference between Ki-67 expression and survival (P = 0.24). (cyberleninka.org)
  • Apart from inflammation, the formation of a glial scar is one of the most prominent host reactions after injury of the CNS including the spinal cord. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1999). 2 Subunit manifestation is especially abundant in ovaries, whereas 3 shows the (S,R,S)-AHPC hydrochloride highest manifestation in the pancreas and testis. (health-e-nc.org)
  • Brain inflammation in animal models of these diseases is dominated by chronic microglial activation with minimal proinflammatory cytokine expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • We report here that SMN deficiency, induced in the astroglioma cell line U87MG after lentiviral transduction with a shSMN construct, was associated with an increase in the expression of the main components of Notch signaling pathway, namely its ligands, Jagged1 and Delta1, the Notch receptor and its active intracellular form (NICD). (mdpi.com)
  • Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
  • Apelin peptides are cognate ligands for the apelin receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Additionally, such immune response modulation could have impacted astrocyte activation resulting in a reduced glial scar. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, expression levels of p63 and Ki-67 were determined in 16 myoepithelial carcinoma samples and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis. (cyberleninka.org)
  • In addition, p63 and Ki-67 expression levels were associated with myoepithelial carcinoma recurrence and metastasis. (cyberleninka.org)
  • D) The effects of PJ34 on transcripts levels on the respiratory complicated subunits in KO mice are also shown. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Succinate dehydrogenase complicated, subunit A (SDHA) expression levels in unique organs of (E) heterozygous and (F) KO mice treated or not with PJ34 is shown by Western blotting and (G) Densitometric analysis. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Paraffin-embedded sections were used to assess p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 and to determine levels of glial scaring, white and gray matter preservation, and cavity size at day 28 after SCI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2003). To day, studies examining the regional distribution of BK subunits show that they are relatively tissue specific. (health-e-nc.org)
  • Several studies show that 1 subunits are localized primarily in clean muscle mass, showing less manifestation in the brain (Jiang et al. (health-e-nc.org)
  • During ribosomal RNA processing, ribosomal proteins are incorporated into the pre-ribosomal subunits to form the mature 40S and 60S subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy define alpha-synucleinopathies, a group of ND characterized by intracellular aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSYN) protein [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, migration assays showed that Caveolin-1 reduction increased RPE cell migration abilities. (arvojournals.org)
  • Most recently, it was shown that the Mettl3-Mettl14 writer complex of this mark is required for the temporal control of cortical neurogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods Circulating (n = 179) and hepatic expression (n = 95) of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured in patients with severe obesity and available liver pathology analysis undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). (unav.edu)
  • In addition, it has been widely emphasized that peripheral injury leads to rapid expression and release of proinflammatory factors (e.g. (silverchair.com)
  • In this study, we examined the expression of Caveolin-1 in human FVMs from patients with PVR. (arvojournals.org)
  • In OSMF patients, irrespective of the grade, the expression of myofibroblast was strong in 28.33 percent of the patients, while it was moderate and weak in 30.00 percent and 40.00 percent of the patients, respectively. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Myofibroblasts expression is significantly raised in OSMF patients. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Axial T2 weighted images (B), T1 weighted images before (C) and after contrast administration (E, F) show a contrast enhancing soft tissue mass being slightly inhomogeneous in the left frontal sinus without any intracranial meningeal enhancement. (biomedcentral.com)