In 1932, Paul and Bunnell discovered that serum from symptomatic patients had antibodies that agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) of unrelated species, the "heterophile antibodies. (medscape.com)
or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
Species2
Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. (lookformedical.com)
Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
Forms2
Some evidence confirms the paradoxical beneficial role of harmful antigens when used in highly diluted forms. (openaccesspub.org)
In this experiment, we observed cytokine gene expression changes in Gallus gallus embryo after challenge with Delta SARS-CoV-2 RBD spike protein antigen, from a concentration of 10 µg/mL to a series of highly diluted forms in ethanol, along with controls. (openaccesspub.org)
Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
Antibodies3
In 1932, Paul and Bunnell discovered that serum from symptomatic patients had antibodies that agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) of unrelated species, the "heterophile antibodies. (medscape.com)
Epitope is immunologically active regions of an immunogen (or antigen) that binds to antigen-specific membrane receptors on lymphocytes or to secreted antibodies. (microbiologyinfo.com)
Determinants1
It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. (lookformedical.com)
Hapten1
A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. (lookformedical.com)
Antibody3
It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes. (lookformedical.com)
the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. (lookformedical.com)
Antigen is a substances usually protein in nature and sometimes polysaccharide, that generates a specific immune response and induces the formation of a specific antibody or specially sensitized T cells or both. (microbiologyinfo.com)
Complete2
They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use. (lookformedical.com)
Unable to induce an immune response by itself, they require carrier molecule to act as a complete antigen. (microbiologyinfo.com)
Specific2
That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. (lookformedical.com)
Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS). (lookformedical.com)
Capable1
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. (lookformedical.com)
Cells3
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. (lookformedical.com)
These antigens enters the body or system and start circulating in the body fluids and trapped by the APCs (Antigen processing cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, etc. (microbiologyinfo.com)
The endogenous antigens are processed by the macrophages which are later accepted by the cytotoxic T - cells. (microbiologyinfo.com)
Small1
The whole antigen does not evoke immune response and only a small part of it induces B and T cell response. (microbiologyinfo.com)