Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
My group studies the chromatin remodelling mechanisms that underlie V(D)J recombination and allelic exclusion of antigen receptor loci, in particular the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain loci. (cam.ac.uk)
We are also interested in the nuclear organisation of V(D)J recombination, and in understanding events that predispose to generation of chromosomal translocations of the Ig loci and B cell lymphoma. (cam.ac.uk)
Featherstone K, Wood AL, Bowen AJ, Corcoran AE.The mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D intergenic sequence contains insulators that may regulate ordered V(D)J recombination. (cam.ac.uk)
Genes13
1993). "Physical location of the human immunoglobulin lambda-like genes, 14.1, 16.1, and 16.2" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
A handful of genes exempt themselves from this standard of immutability, however, most notably the loci that encode antigen receptors in B cells and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
The murine immunoglobulin kappa (κ) light-chain multigene family includes the constant region (Cκ), joining-region genes, and approximately 30 kappa-variable (Vκ) region families. (elsevierpure.com)
However, in contrast to the non-lymphoid cell lines, the replication of this locus occurred predominantly during the first half of S. The κ locus contains both early- and late-replicating genes, and early replication is usually associated with transcriptional activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Hatton, KS & Schildkraut, CL 1990, ' The mouse immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are located in early- and late-replicating regions of chromosome 6 ', Molecular and cellular biology , vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 4314-4323. (elsevierpure.com)
5. Qin T, Zhu H*, Wang D, Hao H & Du W. Genomic organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes in the chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). (caas.cn)
Components and Strategies Mice The rearranged V(D)J genes from the 17/9 antibody had been cloned through the 17/9 hybridoma (26) and utilized to construct concentrating on vectors for the large and string Ig loci. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
How chromatin remodelling allows shuffling of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. (cam.ac.uk)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
B lymphocytes of xeroderma pigmentosum or Cockayne syndrome patients with inherited defects in nucleotide excision repair are fully capable of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. (uchicago.edu)
Association of two different repetitive DNA elements near immunoglobulin light chain genes. (uchicago.edu)
In somatic hypermutation, targeted and rampant mutagenesis alters the sequences of the expressed heavy and light chain variable (VDJ) regions. (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that GNA13-deficient mice have increased numbers of GC B cells that display impaired caspase-mediated cell death and increased frequency of somatic hypermutation in the immunoglobulin VH locus. (duke.edu)
in particular the mechanisms of immunoglobulin variable (V) to diversity (D) and joining (J) element rearrangements and the mechanism of somatic hypermutation, reviewed in Steele and the basic similarities between the immunogenetics of Ig and T cell receptors (TCRs, see text Murphy et al. (sciencerepository.org)
Lambda light2
Less frequent are translocations of chromosome 8 to the kappa light-chain locus of chromosome 2 or to the lambda light-chain locus of chromosome 22. (ox.ac.uk)
Binds the immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer, together with PU.1. (arigobio.com)
Antibody9
The JDC-12 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to human immunoglobulin light chain, lambda (λ). (bdbiosciences.com)
In vitro, EBV induces B cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin and antibody. (ox.ac.uk)
We report here that during an attack of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, T-cell subpopulations are radically altered so that, in vitro, B lymphocytes infected with EBV proliferate abnormally to secrete large amounts of immunoglobulin and antibody. (ox.ac.uk)
An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Schematic structure of an antibody: two heavy chains (blue, yellow) and the two light chains (green, pink). (wikipedia.org)
Immunoadhesins: principles and applications Steven M. Chamow and Avi Ashkenazi The prototypic immunoadhesin is an antibody-like molecule that fuses the Fc region of an immunoglobulin molecule. (coek.info)
An antibody is a Y-shaped molecule, composed of two identical light chains (grey) and two identical heavy chains (white). (coek.info)
Antibodies belong to immunoglobulin family of protein and have 5 isotypes (G, A, M, E, D) with further subclasses of G and A. The classes are differentiated with the characteristics of the Ig heavy chain of the antibody. (medscape.com)
Superfamily3
This gene encodes one of the surrogate light chain subunits and is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
His Gene rearrangement, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Genome, Transposable element and Xenopus study are his primary interests in Genetics. (research.com)
Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
Murine2
The murine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is shown (top line) with a rearranged variable (VDJ) region juxtaposed to the Cμ constant region. (biomedcentral.com)
Susceptibility loci for lupus: a guiding light from murine models? (jci.org)
two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by disulfide bonds . (wikipedia.org)
The prototypic immunoadhesin is a disulfidelinked homodimer, which resembles an IgGl molecule, but which lacks C,l domains and light chains. (coek.info)
2~). In the absence of light chains, deletion of the C,,l domain improves assembly and secretion of immunoadhesins by the host cell. (coek.info)
The Ig molecule is a polypeptide heterodimer that is composed of 2 identical light chains and 2 identical heavy chains connected by disulfide bonds (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Receptor4
The preB cell receptor is found on the surface of proB and preB cells, where it is involved in transduction of signals for cellular proliferation, differentiation from the proB cell to the preB cell stage, allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy chain gene locus, and promotion of Ig light chain gene rearrangements. (wikipedia.org)
The preB cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound Ig mu heavy chain in association with a heterodimeric surrogate light chain. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of an individual's immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene repertoire can provide important insights into immune function. (bvsalud.org)
The most common example of this type of fusion protein combines the hinge and Fc regions of an immunoglobulin (Ig) with domains of a cell-surface receptor that recognizes a specific ligand (Box 1). (coek.info)
Antibodies2
An integral event in the pathogenesis of allergies may be the creation of antibodies from the immunoglobulin (Ig)E class. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Susceptibility1
Photosensitivity in Bloom syndrome patients is a result of increased susceptibility to 313-nm light, approaching the ultraviolet (UV)-A range. (medscape.com)
Enhancer2
usually the terminal portion of chromosome 8 containing the c-myc gene is translocated to chromosome 14, near the enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. (ox.ac.uk)
A novel enhancer in the immunoglobulin lambda locus is duplicated and functionally independent of NF kappa B. (uchicago.edu)
Rearrangement1
His works in Acquired immune system, Vertebrate, Gene rearrangement, Locus and Immunoglobulin heavy chain are all subjects of inquiry into Genetics. (research.com)
Multiple myeloma2
Translocations involving immunoglobulin (Ig) loci and chromosome 13 monosomy (Δ13) are frequent cytogenetic findings in multiple myeloma (MM). Similar chromosomal aberrations have been identified in the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), but their prevalence and significance remain uncertain. (elsevierpure.com)
A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and the IgH locus, t(6;14)(p25;q32), may be a cause of multiple myeloma. (arigobio.com)
Protein4
Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGLL1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Of the serotypes, only one, BoNT/C, administration of therapeutic immunoglobulin product and is most cleaves more than one specific protein. (cdc.gov)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
Chain13
Structural organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in the channel catfish: the IgH locus represents a composite of two gene clusters. (aminer.cn)
Two structurally-related genomic clusters of catfish immunoglobulin heavy chain gene segments are known. (aminer.cn)
The final result is a heavy chain locus containing a mutated variable region (mutations are indicated by stars) and a chromosomal Sμ/Sγ1 junction (bottom). (biomedcentral.com)
The hallmark of all BL tumours is the translocation between the MYC gene and one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy or light chain loci. (bmj.com)
Organization and genomic complexity of sheep immunoglobulin light chain gene loci. (caas.cn)
Intoxication with delivering the catalytic light chain (LC) to its target via its N- one of the seven distinct serotypes of BoNT (A-G) causes botulism, terminal translocation domain (HN) [6]. (cdc.gov)
His Gene study frequently links to related topics such as Immunoglobulin light chain. (research.com)
His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including J chain, Immunoglobulin M, Major histocompatibility complex and Affinity maturation. (research.com)
Bolland DJ, Wood AL, Corcoran AE.Large-scale chromatin remodeling at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus: a paradigm for multigene regulation. (cam.ac.uk)
Bone marrow from 72 patients with MGUS (n = 62) and smoldering MM (n = 10) was evaluated for translocations between the Ig heavy chain (IgH) and chromosomes 4, 11, and 16, translocations involving Ig light chain-lambda (IgL-λ, and Δ13. (elsevierpure.com)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was done on clonal plasma cells (PCs) detected by immunofluorescence (cig-FISH) of the cytoplasmic light chain. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain High-Throughput Sequencing in Pediatric B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Is the Clonality of the Disease at Diagnosis Related to Its Prognosis? (frontiersin.org)
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH ) locus is a recent very efficient technique to monitor minimal residual disease of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). (frontiersin.org)
Molecule1
Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing. (academicinfluence.com)
Undergo1
Later, upon B-cell activation, the immunoglobulin loci undergo two additional and distinct genetic alterations (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic1
Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (nature.com)
Polymorphisms2
Interestingly, a genome-wide association study has shown that noncoding polymorphisms in the de novo methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A locus are associated with a higher risk for IBD, and for Crohn´s disease (CD) in particular 11 . (nature.com)
The role of CD16a gene locus polymorphisms on ADCC has been further elucidated by an independent study ( 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Fluorescence1
Second, fluorescence in situ hybridization was conducted for the region containing the HMGA2 gene in addition to expression analysis, to study the recurrence of changes at this locus. (annexpublishers.co)
Spleen1
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
Repertoire1
The epigenetic role of non-coding RNA transcription and nuclear organization in immunoglobulin repertoire generation. (cam.ac.uk)
Spans1
The clusters are in the same relative transcriptional orientation, and the results indicate that the complete IgH locus spans no more than 1000kb and may be as small as 750-800kb. (aminer.cn)
Sequences1
Immunoglobulin mu- and gamma-ribonucleic acid sequences in thymocytes and splenocytes from normal and hyperimmune mice. (uchicago.edu)
Amino1
therefore, cellular and molecular analyses of RTX and CA125 interaction were peformed, and a library of RTX variants was generated using a proprietary technology called Block‑Removed Immunoglobulin Technology that combines randomized amino acid substitutions and high‑throughput functional screenings to identify CA125‑refractory RTX variants. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ultraviolet1
Tumors that developed in mice deficient in INK4A were enhanced by the topical application of carcinogens and ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
Lymphocytes1
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
Cells2
In lymphoid cells, the κ locus replicated earlier in the pre-B than in the B-cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
Malignant plasma cells in meningeal MM out of 2000 patients with bone marrow produce an immunoglobulin, MM, was reported was by Schluterman et al. (who.int)
Vivo1
AID-Cre(+) GNA13-deficient mice demonstrate disordered GC architecture and dark zone/light zone distribution in vivo, and demonstrate altered migration behavior, decreased levels of filamentous actin, and attenuated RhoA activity in vitro. (duke.edu)
Mutations1
Thus, although PIGA mutations are established as pathogenetic drivers of PNH, larger deletions of the locus are rare. (annexpublishers.co)
Deletion1
A single deletion affecting the PIGA locus was found, but no other relevant or recurrent abnormalities were detected. (annexpublishers.co)
Mice1
Direct evidence linking the INK4A locus to tumorigenesis was provided by the targeted disruption of exon 2 of INK4A in mice. (medscape.com)
Incidence1
This phenomenon offers some explanation for the increased incidence of Burkitt's tumour and the high levels of immunoglobulin found in people living in areas where P. falciparum malaria is common. (ox.ac.uk)