SuperfamilyBindsProteinProteinsGlycoproteinAntibodiesMonoclonalProliferationHeavy chainsInteractions2001Tumor cellGlycoproteinsMoleculesPolypeptideSerumAntigenCellularLymphocytesDendritic cellsMolecularPropagateDifferEnhancesAntibodyVitroMalignantGenesDestroyTissuesHelperTissue2002ExpressionAllergySignalsMonocytesGp120FibroblastsPeripheral bloodImmunologyInteractionMammalianPhosphorylationAlphaTranscriptomicSurfaceFunctionalAdaptiveHumanGeneticPresentIncreasesResistanceStructure
Superfamily2
- Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
- Like many cell surface receptors/markers, CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikidoc.org)
Binds4
- PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
- After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- It is disclosed herein that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells. (justia.com)
- S1P binds to G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) to regulate cellular events, including Ca2+ signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Protein17
- The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. (wikipedia.org)
- An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
- However, the involvement of this protein in parasite pathogenesis remains elusive and its effect on the functions of innate immune cells is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report on the cloning and expression of a recombinant F. gigantica 14-3-3 epsilon protein (rFg14-3-3e), and testing its effects on specific functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
- Also, this recombinant protein promoted the release of NO and cell apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation and migration of goat PBMCs and suppressed monocyte phagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Because of its involvement in F. gigantica recognition by innate immune cells, rFg14-3-3e protein may have applications for development of diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
- In most plasma cell disorders, M-proteins (monoclonal immunoglobulin protein) are structurally similar to normal antibody molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
- In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)
- Phosphorylated ITAM motifs on CD3 recruit and activate SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) such as Zap70 to further mediate downstream signalling through tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to transcription factor activation including NF-κB and consequent T cell activation. (wikidoc.org)
- HIV-1 uses CD4 to gain entry into host T-cells and achieves this through its viral envelope protein known as gp120 . (wikidoc.org)
- Following a structural change in another viral protein ( gp41 ), HIV inserts a fusion peptide into the host cell that allows the outer membrane of the virus to fuse with the cell membrane . (wikidoc.org)
- SK overexpressing ML-1 cells show an enhanced secretion of S1P, which can be attenuated, by inhibiting SK activity and a multidrug-resistant transport protein (ATP-binding cassette transporter). (bvsalud.org)
- Inhibition of protein kinase C alpha, with both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and small molecular inhibitors attenuates migration in SK overexpressing cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Taken together, we present evidence suggesting that SK enhances migration of ML-1 cells by an autocrine mechanism and that the S1P-evoked migration is dependent on protein kinase C alpha, ERK1/2, and SK. (bvsalud.org)
- An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
- Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
- Hamilton: B. C. Decker Inc.). A number of anti-angiogenic activities have been reported for this protein, such as inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. (justia.com)
Proteins6
- Expression of cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon proteins in activated human adult natural killer (NK) cells and CD3 gamma, delta, epsilon complexes in fetal NK cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. (lookformedical.com)
- Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. (lookformedical.com)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induces migration of the human thyroid follicular carcinoma cell line ML-1 by activation of S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors, G(i) proteins, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway. (bvsalud.org)
- A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
- These proteins form a protective outer layer that controls the entry of the virus into human cells. (medchemexpress.com)
Glycoprotein5
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain has been shown to interact with TOP2B, CD3EAP and NCK2. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary immunologic abnormality resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the progressive depletion and functional impairment of T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 cell surface glycoprotein. (justia.com)
- In molecular biology , CD4 ( cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells , monocytes , macrophages , and dendritic cells . (wikidoc.org)
- Further, we conducted a structural analysis of a mink variant S glycoprotein and American mink ACE2 (mvACE2) using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), revealing four distinct conformations. (cdc.gov)
- We discovered a novel intermediary conformation where the mvACE2 receptor is bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein in a 'down' position, approximately 34° lower than previously reported 'up' RBD. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies5
- Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
- Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
- Antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) are secreted by B-cells that are activated to plasma cells after antigen presentation in regional lymph nodes or secondary lymphoid organs ( Figure 1 ) [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) come from a single B-cell parent clone and recognize specifically a single epitope per antigen [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Antibodies are crucial to make leukocytes (such as T killer cells) to detect and destroy pathogens and infected host cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Monoclonal4
- The first technique described in 1975 was based on creating a hybridoma by combining an activated B-cell from an immunized animal spleen and immortalized myeloma cell, resulting in a stable hybrid cell line producing monoclonal antibody [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Heavy chain diseases are neoplastic plasma cell disorders characterized by overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains. (msdmanuals.com)
- In contrast, in heavy chain diseases, incomplete monoclonal immunoglobulins (true paraproteins) are produced. (msdmanuals.com)
- Множинна мієлома Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Proliferation3
- They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
- Загальні відомості про плазмоклітинні захворювання Plasma cell disorders are a diverse group of disorders of unknown etiology characterized by Disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B cells Presence of a structurally and electrophoretically. (msdmanuals.com)
- Because sphingosine kinase isoform 1 (SK) recently has been implicated as an oncogene in various cancer cell systems, we investigated the functions of SK in the migration, proliferation and adhesion of the ML-1 cell line. (bvsalud.org)
Heavy chains1
- Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
Interactions2
- He stayed at Sheffield and undertook research into the molecular basis of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor interactions with a focus on therapeutic intervention in allergy graduating with a PhD in 1997. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- While evolutionarily conserved, ACE2 receptors differ across various species and differential interactions with Spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses impact species specificity. (cdc.gov)
20011
- 2001) Mol Cell, 7: 811-822). (justia.com)
Tumor cell2
- As described below, these diverse situations range from the complications of diabetes and cellular perturbation in amyloidoses to immune and inflammatory responses and tumor cell behavior. (jci.org)
- It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. (lookformedical.com)
Glycoproteins1
- In this study, we used bio-layer interferometry (BLI) to discern the differences in binding affinity between multiple human and mink-derived S glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their respective ACE2 receptors. (cdc.gov)
Molecules4
- Other unusual features of the receptor include its ability to engage classes of molecules, rather than individual ligands, and its enhanced surface expression in environments rich in RAGE ligands. (jci.org)
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are important components of mucosal fluids. (biomedcentral.com)
- The structural differences between IgA1 and IgA2 molecules are likely associated with differential biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
- T cells displaying CD4 molecules (and not CD8 ) on their surface, therefore, are specific for antigens presented by MHC II and not by MHC class I (they are MHC class II-restricted ). (wikidoc.org)
Polypeptide3
- CD3e molecule, epsilon also known as CD3E is a polypeptide which in humans is encoded by the CD3E gene which resides on chromosome 11. (wikipedia.org)
- The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. (wikipedia.org)
- Les îlots de Langerhans sont des micro-organes dispersés dans le pancréas et formés de cellules bêta, alpha, delta, PP et epsilon, qui sécrètent l'insuline, le glucagon, la somatostatine, le polypeptide pancréatique et la ghréline. (institutcochin.fr)
Serum6
- Monomeric IgA is also one of the major immunoglobulin classes present in serum, second only to IgG. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, overexpression of SK enhances serum-induced migration of ML-1 cells, which can be attenuated by blocking ATP-binding cassette transporter and SK, suggesting that the migration is mediated by autocrine signaling through secretion of S1P. (bvsalud.org)
- Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (antibody-tech.com)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (antibody-tech.com)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (antibody-tech.com)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (antibody-tech.com)
Antigen2
- The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
- CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells . (wikidoc.org)
Cellular7
- Binding of these ligands to RAGE does not accelerate clearance or degradation but rather begins a sustained period of cellular activation mediated by receptor-dependent signaling. (jci.org)
- This last point is crucial, since it explains how upregulation of this receptor can contribute to an ascending spiral of RAGE-dependent cellular perturbation. (jci.org)
- Taken together, these features of RAGE allow the receptor to propagate cellular dysfunction in a number of pathophysiologically relevant situations, most often dictated by the formation and persistence of ligands in the tissues. (jci.org)
- The loss of CD4 helper/inducer T cell function probably underlies the profound defects in cellular and humoral immunity leading to the opportunistic infections and malignancies characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Lane et al. (justia.com)
- Moreover, SK1 overexpression enhances cellular respiration and cell migration. (bvsalud.org)
- The damage theories proposed the nine hallmarks that were generally considered to contribute to the aging process: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. (medchemexpress.com)
- In support of a NOD function, microbial flavoHbs and Hbs catalyze O2-dependent cellular radical dotNO metabolism, protect cells from radical dotNO poisoning, and are induced by radical dotNO exposures. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Lymphocytes2
- In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
- and circulating atypical lymphocytes or plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells1
- Birch pollen extract enhances human cytomegalovirus replication in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. (resist-cluster.de)
Molecular3
- Specific molecular sites or structures on or in cells with which interferons react or to which they bind in order to modify the function of the cells. (lookformedical.com)
- Lck is essential for the activation of many molecular components of the signaling cascade of an activated T cell. (wikidoc.org)
- Molecular biology of the cell, 27 (10). (unibas.ch)
Propagate1
- Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. (lookformedical.com)
Differ1
- They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. (lookformedical.com)
Enhances1
- Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Antibody3
- Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
- The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- Sequencing the B Cell Receptor Repertoires of Antibody-Deficient Individuals With and Without Infection Susceptibility. (resist-cluster.de)
Vitro4
- Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
- Protection also correlated with inhibition of transcytosis of cell-free virus in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
- Halbleib JM, Sääf AM, Brown PO, Nelson WJ "Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Encoding Structural Characteristics of Differentiating Enterocytes During Development of a Polarized Epithelium In Vitro. (openwetware.org)
- Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
Malignant1
- Heavy chain diseases are plasma cell disorders that are typically malignant. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes1
- The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. (wikipedia.org)
Destroy2
- Studies of HIV-1 infection of fractionated CD4 and CD8 T-cells from normal donors and AIDS patients have revealed that depletion of CD4 T-cells results from the ability of HIV-1 to selectively infect, replicate in, and ultimately destroy this T lymphocyte subset (Klatzmann et al. (justia.com)
- They are called helper cells because one of their main roles is to send signals to other types of immune cells, including CD8 killer cells, which then destroy the infectious particle. (wikidoc.org)
Tissues1
- Aging is a complex biological process characterized by functional decline of tissues and organs, structural degeneration, and reduced adaptability and resistance, all of which contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality caused by multiple chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. (medchemexpress.com)
Helper4
- They can be subdivided based on such as age of onset, presence of allergy (skin prick test or systemic allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)), with or without nasal polyps and/or T helper (Th) cell 2 prominent inflammation. (encyclopedia.pub)
- CD4+ T helper cells are white blood cells that are an essential part of the human immune system. (wikidoc.org)
- They are often referred to as CD4 cells, T-helper cells or T4 cells. (wikidoc.org)
- Depending on the signal, different types of T helper cells result. (wikidoc.org)
Tissue2
- To prioritise pathways we will undertake high-throughput functional genomic screens using CRISPR, perform lung digital spatial transcriptomic profiling and utilise informative cell and tissue models. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- This will inform in-depth mechanistic assays at the cell, tissue and organ scales to identify the key mechanisms underpinning regulation of lung function in health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
20021
- 2002) J Cell Biol, 158: 529-539). (justia.com)
Expression4
- It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
- Identification of Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Cell Survival Pathways Contributing to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by Postmortem Gene Expression Microarray. (unibas.ch)
- Cell cycle gene expression networks discovered using systems biology: Significance in carcinogenesis. (genenetwork.org)
- Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
Allergy1
- Evaluation of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell culture systems for asthma research Journal of Allergy. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Signals1
- The interferon alpha-beta receptor signals through the action of JANUS KINASES such as the TYK2 KINASE. (lookformedical.com)
Monocytes1
- ALCAM (CD166) is involved in extravasation of monocytes rather than T cells across the blood-brain barrier. (unibas.ch)
Gp1203
- The methods include contacting a cell with an effective amount of an agent that interferes with the interaction of gp120 and α4 integrin, such as a α4β1 or α4β7 integrin antagonist. (justia.com)
- The strategy underlying these CD4 based therapies, i.e. blocking the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor, encompasses advantages distinct from current HAART regimens. (justia.com)
- [12] The binding to CD4 creates a shift in the conformation of gp120 allowing HIV-1 to bind to a co-receptor expressed on the host cell. (wikidoc.org)
Fibroblasts1
- In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Peripheral blood1
- One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. (lookformedical.com)
Immunology1
- Insights into B cell ontogeny inferred from human immunology. (resist-cluster.de)
Interaction1
- On the other hand, the heparin binding properties of endostatin manifest themselves in its interaction with the cell surface. (justia.com)
Mammalian2
- Indeed, modern O2-transporting and storing mammalian red blood cell Hb and related muscle myoglobin (Mb) show vestigial radical dotNO dioxygenation activity with rate constants of 34-89 μM−1 s−1. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Red blood cell Hb, myocyte Mb, and flavoHb-like activities metabolize radical dotNO in the vascular lumen, muscle, and other mammalian cells, respectively, decreasing radical dotNO signalling and toxicity. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Phosphorylation2
- In addition, SK-overexpressing cells show an impaired adhesion, slower cell growth, and an up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as compared with cells expressing a dominant-negative SK. (bvsalud.org)
- Endostatin inhibits endothelial cell migration by inhibiting phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase via binding to α5β1 integrin (Wickstrom et al. (justia.com)
Alpha5
- alpha- and beta-interferon crossreact with common receptors, while gamma-interferon initiates its biological effects through its own specific receptor system. (lookformedical.com)
- A ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric receptor that is specific for both INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA . (lookformedical.com)
- This glucose-induced increase in microsomal DAG was attended by increases in immunoreactive PKC alpha, beta, and epsilon. (jci.org)
- Dans ce nouveau projet, nous utiliserons cette expertise unique pour générer des lignées alpha, delta et PP. Le projet se subdivise en 3 taches : i). (institutcochin.fr)
- Utilisation de ces lignées pour étudier les cellules alpha, delta et PP dans des conditions mimant les diabètes en utilisant des modèles que nous avons récemment développés. (institutcochin.fr)
Transcriptomic1
- Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
Surface1
- It also has been shown that cell surface glypicans are low-affinity endostatin receptors (Karumanchi et al. (justia.com)
Functional1
- Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
Adaptive1
- The multiligand receptors that form the focus of this Perspective series have expectedly diverse functions, often conforming to potential gaps in the host response to invading pathogens that are not effectively manned by adaptive immunity. (jci.org)
Human1
- Soen Y, Mori A, Palmer TD, Brown PO "Exploring the regulation of human neural precursor cell differentiation using arrays of signaling microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
Genetic2
- these deletions appear to result from structural genetic mutations. (msdmanuals.com)
- Genetic Counseling: following cells of the cells left being to Summary females, in kidney that they may lower an cardinal coma on manic or prosthetic combines. (seabaygame.com)
Present2
- Villous atrophy and plasma cell infiltration of the jejunal mucosa are usually present and, sometimes, infiltration of the mesenteric lymph nodes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Increases1
- Further, expressing putative calpain-cleaved MFN2 N- and C-terminal fragments increases mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ during agonist stimulation, mimicking the SK1 overexpression in cells. (bvsalud.org)
Resistance1
- We conclude that LDL receptors are largely responsible for the resistance of wild type mice to atherosclerosis. (jci.org)
Structure1
- The structure of IgA is similar to that of other immunoglobulins. (biomedcentral.com)