There are 90 known serotypes of pneumococci, and the capsule is the principle virulence determinant for pneumococci, as the capsule not only protects the iimer surface of the bacteria from complement, but is itself poorly immunogenic. (allindianpatents.com)
However, because they induce a T cell independent B cell response, they are poorly immunogenic in young children, and in adults only induce relatively short term protection. (bmj.com)
Chimeric3
In another preferred embodiment, one of the proteins is from the Choline Binding Protein family (CbpX), or CbpX truncates, or CbpX truncate-LytX truncate chimeric proteins. (allindianpatents.com)
IL-2 and IFN-γ), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), and adoptive T-cell transfer (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy) [ 3 - 5 ]. (thno.org)
Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Polysaccharide6
Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)
Specific characteristics of the four conjugate vaccines available for infants and children vary (e.g., the type of protein carrier, the size of the polysaccharide, and the chemical linkage between the polysaccharide and carrier) ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Strategies, which have been designed to overcome this lack of immunogenicity in infants, include the linking of the polysaccharide to large immunogenic proteins, which provide bystander T-cell help and which induce immunological memory against the polysaccharide antigen to which it is conjugated. (allindianpatents.com)
Based on the success of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines, chemical conjugation has been applied to the development of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (bmj.com)
This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
Conjugate vaccine technology, where a polysaccharide antigen is coupled chemically to a protein carrier, either by direct linkage or by indirect coupling via diamino spacer molecules, can render the PS specific immune response T cell dependent. (bmj.com)
Vaccine3
The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
The present invention relates to a combination of 2 or more S. pneumoniae proteins, their manufacture and use in medicine as a vaccine. (allindianpatents.com)
In yet another related aspect is a method for making the vaccine of the invention by selecting and isolating 2 different S. pneumoniae proteins and mixing both proteins with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (allindianpatents.com)
Immune2
From here, the antigen is slowly released and provided to immune cells over an extended period of time. (mdpi.com)
In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. (eurekaselect.com)
Encodes2
The IB1cDNA encodes a 714 amino acid protein with a proline-rich region and a putative basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH). (justia.com)
The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Enhances1
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Bacteria1
The transmission of these bacteria primarily between asymptomatic carriers is through droplet spread or contact with respiratory secretions. (bmj.com)
Chemical1
The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. (eurekaselect.com)
Response1
With the help of T cell derived factors, the antigen specific B cells produce a much enhanced antibody response. (bmj.com)
Overcome2
Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Although this is a significant step forward in achieving targeted drug delivery, the drug carrier must have to overcome various biological obstacles throughout the body to reach the specific target of interest. (biomedcentral.com)
Release1
The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
Cell2
cell lines, these transcripts are translated into immunodetectable cytoplasmic and nuclear protein. (justia.com)
Efforts have been made to increase drug carrier targeting efficiency by attaching cell receptor-targeted ligands to the particle surface [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Delivery1
This review discusses the significant heterogeneous biological delivery barriers and how biointerface engineering can promote drug carriers to prevail over hurdles and navigate in a more personalized manner, thus ushering in the era of Precision Medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Present1
The GLUT2 facilitated glucose transporter isoform is a membrane protein present in the pancreatic .beta. (justia.com)
Conjugate3
In January 2005, a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine ([MCV4] Menactra, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) was licensed for use among persons aged 11--55 years. (cdc.gov)
Specific characteristics of the four conjugate vaccines available for infants and children vary (e.g., the type of protein carrier, the size of the polysaccharide, and the chemical linkage between the polysaccharide and carrier) ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
or conjugate, complex, or fusion protein or fusion polypeptide including the same disclosed amino acid sequence derived from bacterium (e.g., mycoplasma, anaplasma, etc. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Substantially2
Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)
In particular, the present invention provides liquid formulations of SYNAGIS® or an antigen-binding fragment thereof which immunospecifically binds to a RSV antigen, which formulations are substantially free of surfactant, inorganic salts, and/or other common excipients. (justia.com)
Viral1
Nonviral vectors or carriers, of the type with which the present invention is concerned, will thus have to overcome the same obstacles as a viral vector. (justia.com)
Immune response1
Genetic material can also be used to provide protective immune responses in vivo by injection of DNA that encodes immunogenic proteins, i.e., ones that can stimulate the desired immune response. (justia.com)
Present invention5
The present invention provides liquid formulations of SYNAGIS® or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that immunospecifically bind to a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen, which formulations exhibit stability, low to undetectable levels of aggregation, and very little to no loss of the biological activities of SYNAGIS® or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, even during long periods of storage. (justia.com)
The present invention relates to liquid formulations of SYNAGIS® or an antigen-binding fragment thereof which formulations exhibit stability, low to undetectable levels of antibody fragmentation, low to undetectable levels of aggregation, and very little to no loss of the biological activity (e.g., therapeutic efficacy) SYNAGIS® or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, even during or after long periods of storage. (justia.com)
The present invention also relates to methods of preventing, treating or ameliorating symptoms associated with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection utilizing liquid formulations of SYNAGIS® or an antigen binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
The present invention is drawn to a next generation nano vaccine platform by using structure- based design to utilize the conserved or less variable or highly immunogenic domains or epitopes and displaying it in a nano cage and produces it in as nanoparticle protein in prokaryotic expression system. (sumobrain.com)
In particular, the present invention relates to nonviral gene carriers comprising multifunctional molecular conjugates which include, inter alia, lipopolyamines of a particular configuration, a component which promotes endosome disruption, and a receptor specific binding component. (justia.com)
Fusion protein1
Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Expression2
Genetic material has also been transferred into cells to introduce proteins that are absent due to an inherent genetic flaw in the cell that expresses an inactive protein or else prevents expression of the protein altogether. (justia.com)
The transfer of genetic material into cells can be used to prevent the expression of proteins in those cells through the well-known antisense effect of complementary DNA or RNA strands. (justia.com)
Claim4
12. The immunogenic composition of claim 11, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
14. A method of treating a subject for S. epidermidis infection comprising administering to a subject the immunogenic composition of claim 11, such that treatment of S. epidermidis infection occurs. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
19. The immunogenic composition of claim 18, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
21. A method of treating a subject for S. epidermidis infection comprising administering to said subject the immunogenic composition of claim 18, such that treatment of S. epidermidis infection occurs. (patentsencyclopedia.com)