• In the cellular immune response, recognition by CTL-TCRs of viral antigens presented as peptides by HLA class I molecules, triggers destruction of the virally infected cell (Townsend, A.R.M., J. Rothbard, F.M. Gotch, G. Bahadur, D. Wraith, and A.J. McMichael. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In fact, we identified a junctional nonapeptide (SSKALQRPV) which binds to HLA-A2.1 molecules. (pasteur.fr)
  • This peptide, as well as those binding to HLA-A3, -A11, and -B8 molecules (previously identified by others), elicits primary CTL responses in vitro from PBLs of both healthy donors and CML patients. (pasteur.fr)
  • Support for this pattern came from sequencing peptides eluted from purified HLA B8 molecules, where lysines were predominant at positions 3 and 5. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To facilitate the discrimination, all nucleated cells present a selection of the peptides contained in their proteins on the cell surface in complex with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC class I) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once inside the ER, the peptides may bind to MHC class I molecules, which are subsequently transported to the cell surface, where the complexes may be recognized by passing CTLs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tapasin is a 48-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoprotein that binds to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and mediates an interaction between TAP and newly synthesized MHC class I molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We show here that while tapasin is required for HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) molecules to bind to TAP, its absence does not block the presentation of HLA-A2-restricted TAP-dependent epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes indicating that, unlike HLA-A1, HLA-B8 and HLA-B4402, HLA-A2 has access to the TAP-dependent peptide pool even in the absence of tapasin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Nevertheless, the overall efficiency with which HLA-A2 was loaded with optimal, stabilizing peptides was impaired in the cell line .220, resulting in a significant increase in the fraction of HLA-A2 molecules being released from the ER in a "peptide-receptive" state. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The HLA molecules and their counterparts in rodents were subsequently shown to be directly responsible for immune response differences between individuals and for determining the likelihood of graft rejection. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The requirement for MHC molecules to present antigenic peptides to T cells is frequently referred to as "MHC-restricted" T cell recognition. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In each individual, T cells are generally restricted to recognize antigens presented by the person's own HLA molecules. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The allelic variations among different HLA molecules are a major factor accounting for differences in the types of antigenic peptides to which an individual responds or in the types of T cells that are used in an immune response. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class I molecules consist of a 45-kD α chain encoded within the MHC that is noncovalently associated with the 12-kD β 2 -microglobulin chain (encoded on chromosome 15). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class II molecules consist of noncovalently associated α (32 kD) and β (28 kD) chains, both of which are encoded within the MHC. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class I and class II molecules are cell surface glycoproteins, anchored to the membrane by hydrophobic transmembrane segments. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Alternatively, macrophages and other cytotoxic lymphocytes consume or destroy cells by apoptotic signaling and present self-antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV vaccine to induce cytotoxic T cells recognizing conserved HIV-1/2-epitopes derived from the most frequent HLA types of the human population. (geneticimmunity.ru)
  • The junctional region of the BCR-ABLb3a2 molecule represents a potential leukemia-specific antigen which could be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). (pasteur.fr)
  • A sequence pattern for peptides presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by HLA B8 revealed by analysis of epitopes and eluted peptides. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HLA B8-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for influenza A virus were generated and shown to recognize the nucleoprotein (NP). (ox.ac.uk)
  • HLA-A*0201 presents TAP-dependent peptide epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the absence of tapasin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Designing adjuvants that can induce strong cytotoxic T cell responses in humans would greatly improve the effectiveness of an antiviral vaccination or therapeutic strategy. (aai.org)
  • In the large-scale benchmark calculation consisting of 216 known HIV epitopes covering all 12 recognized HLA supertypes, the NetCTL-1.2 method was shown to have a sensitivity among the 5% top-scoring peptides above 0.72. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such CTL recognize HLA-matched, BCR-ABL-positive leukemic cells, implying efficient natural processing and presentation of these junctional peptides. (pasteur.fr)
  • The amino acid sequence of the peptide epitope was compared to six other known virus peptides known to be restricted by HLA B8 and a sequence homology was identified, which predicted nonamer and octamer epitope sequences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most restrictive step involved in antigen presentation is binding of the peptide to MHC class I. It is estimated that only 1 out of 200 peptides will bind a given MHC class I allele with sufficient strength to elicit a CTL response [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The name 'HLA-DP' originally describes a transplantation antigen of MHC class II category of the major histocompatibility complex of humans, however this antigen is an artifact of the era of organ transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polymorphisms associated with the "shared epitope" are located on the α-helical rim (DRB1 chain) of the peptide-binding cleft, where they may interact with either the bound peptide antigen or the T cell receptor. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • For years I-Stem has been focusing on the complementary potential of cell therapy products derived from iPS cells, because the making of these lines can be done from selected donors. (istem.eu)
  • A solution devised by British scientists fifteen years ago is to find particular donors in the general population who possess what is called a "triple-homozygous haplotype", that is they only have one type of HLA-A antigen (the 2 A's are identical), one type of HLA-B antigen and only one type of HLA-DR antigen. (istem.eu)
  • Six HLA B8-positive influenza immune donors that we have tested respond to this peptide as part of their influenza-specific CTL response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, OX40L showed efficacy in direct activation of memory CD8 T cells in only one of seven donors. (aai.org)
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • TNF (Tumor necrosis factor): This gene is responsible for producing a protein that is involved in communication between certain cells of the immune system . (adntro.com)
  • Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding full-length tumor antigens is a novel option for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. (lookformedical.com)
  • Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine/total body irradiation is feasible and may induce tumor regression or stabilization in some patients. (aacrjournals.org)
  • CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)
  • [ 3 ] Recent studies have suggested that IgD-only B cells may play a significant role in immune responses to superantigens. (medscape.com)
  • Seifert M, Steimle-Grauer SA, Goossens T, Hansmann ML, Brauninger A, Kuppers R. A model for the development of human IgD-only B cells: Genotypic analyses suggest their generation in superantigen driven immune responses. (medscape.com)
  • Together, these data indicate that viral escape from CD8+ T cell responses occurs during human HCV infection and that acute immune selection pressure is of sufficient magnitude to influence HCV evolution. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was induction of antigen specific immune responses monitored at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and 17. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-dimensional profiling of pediatric immune responses to solid organ transplantation. (stanford.edu)
  • Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to its well-established role in costimulation of CD4 T cell responses, OX40L (CD134) can directly costimulate mouse CD8 T cells. (aai.org)
  • In this study, we evaluated the role of OX40L in costimulation of human antiviral CD8 T cell responses and compared it with two other important costimulators, B7.1 (CD80) and 4-1BBL (CD137L). (aai.org)
  • Interestingly, the recent data in RA indicate that the major HLA-DR associations are with anti-CCP antibody positive disease, suggesting that control of autoantibody responses may be a primary mechanism underlying these associations in RA as well. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Th2 cytokine dependence of IgD production by normal human B cells. (medscape.com)
  • DPα and DPβ are encoded by two loci, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, that are found in the MHC Class II (or HLA-D) region in the Human Leukocyte Antigen complex on human chromosome 6 (see protein boxes on right for links). (wikipedia.org)
  • This cluster is located at the proximal (centromeric) end of the HLA superlocus in human chromosome 6p21.31. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of genes ceptibility to HIV infection and the course of HIV of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we examined viral evolution in an immunodominant human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B8-restricted NS3 epitope in subjects with acute HCV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Understanding heterogeneity of human bone marrow plasma cell maturation and survival pathways by single-cell analyses. (immunetolerance.org)
  • Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
  • The presence of human leukocyte antigen B8 (HLA-B8) and human leukocyte antigen DR3 (HLA-DR3) in the mother predisposes the infant to neonatal lupus erythematosus and congenital heart block. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Human leukocyte antigen Cw7 was detected in 4 of 5 recipients, and the fifth case, the antigen was detected in the donor. (ectrx.org)
  • Polyoma BK virus-positive people can be accepted safely for kidney donation, especially with a possible protective role of human leukocyte antigen Cw7. (ectrx.org)
  • We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • HLA (human leukocyte antigen): Certain HLA (immune system complex) subtypes, such as HLA-DR3 and HLA-B8 , have been associated with an increased risk of lupus. (adntro.com)
  • The human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) is a gene complex that encodes the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) proteins . (amboss.com)
  • First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Delivery of OX40L to human monocytes using a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus led to greater expansion, up-regulation of perforin, enhanced cytolytic activity, and increased numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing antiviral memory CD8 T cells in cultures of total T cells. (aai.org)
  • It is also essential for the proper antigen presenting function of HLA-A*0101 (HLA-A1), HLA-A*0801 (HLA-B8) and HLA-B*4402 (HLA-B4402). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CTLs of the immune system must be able to discriminate between healthy and infected cells, since only the infected cells are to be eliminated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • HLA-DPA1 Alleles HLA-DPB1 Alleles Before the April 2010 HLA nomenclature update, new HLA-DPB1 allele names were assigned within the existing nomenclature system. (wikipedia.org)
  • This name assignment was decided because of the complex genetic characteristics of DPB1 alleles compared to alleles of other HLA loci. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of the HLA-DPB1 alleles cannot be simply grouped together by their nucleotide sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 2010 HLA nomenclature update, all DPB1 alleles, except DPB1*0202 and *0402, discovered after DPB1*9901 were reassigned with new numbers. (wikipedia.org)
  • All renamed alleles are listed in the HLA-DPB1 Nomenclature Conversion Chart below. (wikipedia.org)
  • New alleles that have never been assigned with a name prior to the April 2010 update are: Nomenclature of HLA Alleles The IMGT/HLA Database - HLA Dictionary. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, cer- countries), and prevention and treatment of tain distributions of HLA class I alleles were opportunistic infections and cancers delay the observed in uninfected female commercial sex onset of AIDS and increase the life expectancy workers in Africa (13,14) and Thailand (11), who of HIV-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to influencing immune response patterns, many of these alleles are associated with susceptibility to a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases, making the MHC an essential starting point for anyone wanting to understand the genetics of rheumatic diseases. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related illnesses, many of the HLA class II alleles are associated with the presence of specific autoantibodies or clinical phenotypes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The physiologic purpose of free serum IgD is not well understood, though it may fine tune or modulate humoral immune response. (medscape.com)
  • Educate patients about the humoral immune system and inform them that the specific function of immunoglobulin D (IgD) is not fully understood. (medscape.com)
  • The innate immune system comprises physical, chemical, and biological barriers (e.g., the skin , gastric acid , commensal organisms ) and both cellular (e.g., granulocytes , natural killer cells , mast cells ) and humoral ( complement system ) defense mechanisms . (amboss.com)
  • Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
  • 3,4 These infections usually are asymptomatic, but they have tropism for renal tubular and transitional cells and remain latent within the genitourinary tract. (ectrx.org)
  • This pathogen can asymptomatically colonize the nasopharynx, and over time, it can migrate to other cells and cause infections in sterile tissues and organs [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Eight patients received conditioning with fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation followed by hematopoietic cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Pre- hematopoietic and other cells, but the Duffy sence of one copy of the deleted CCR5 gene also antigen of erythrocytes (DARC) is the only influences the course of disease as the onset of member expressed on cells of erythroid lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Super B8 complex DP locus is more frequently substituted, either as a result of its distance from other loci, or because it was not as actively selected in the evolution of Super B8. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disorder appears to be mediated by a complex cascade of immune events and is often characterized as an autoimmune exocrinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • We have examined the high resolution crystal structures of four of these APLs in complex with HLA B8 to determine alterations in the shape, chemistry, and local flexibility of the TCR binding surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A plasmid DNA immunogen expressing fifteen protein antigens and complex virus-like particles (VLP(+)) mimicking naturally occurring HIV » by Somogyi E., Xu J., Gudics A., Tóth J., Kovács AL. (geneticimmunity.ru)
  • OBJECTIVE- HLA-DRB1* 03 -DQB1* 0201 /DRB1* 04 -DQB1* 0302 ( DR3/4-DQ8 ) siblings who share both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes identical-by-descent with their proband siblings have a higher risk for type 1A diabetes than DR3/4-DQ8 siblings who do not share both MHC haplotypes identical-by-descent. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A fundamental feature of mammalian organisms, not to mention single cells, is that they are very complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A few TCR variants that recognize these DQ/antigen complexes are on CD4 positive T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These T-cells, called T-helper (Th) cells, can promote the amplification of B-cells that recognize a different portion of the same antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 12 ] A 2008 report noted that depletion of circulating IgD+ memory B cells occurs in pediatric HIV infection , despite control of viral load with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • 1,3,4 Such activation is determined by the detection of free viral particles in the urine by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), intranuclear viral-inclusion-bearing cells, decoy cells in urine cytology samples, and viremia by plasma PCR. (ectrx.org)
  • computer simulations of proteolysis of marburg and ebola-zaire filovirus coded proteins to generate nonapeptides with motifs of known hla class i haplotypes and detection of antigenic domains in the viral glycoproteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The α-chain and β- of DP is encoded by the HLA-DPA1 locus and HLA-DPB1 loci, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neonatal lupus syndromes (NLS) occurs in infants born to mother with rheumatic conditions including systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), Sjögren's disease, mixed connective tissue disease, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, various forms of arthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, thyroiditis, autoimmune hepatitis, and undifferentiated autoimmune syndromes. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • 3 ] This vaccine contained purified plasma-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and was safe and highly successful in preventing HBV infection. (uw.edu)
  • By the mid-1980s, the second generation of hepatitis B vaccines became commercially available- Recombivax-HB and Engerix-B . These vaccines utilized recombinant DNA technology to express a nonglycosylated hepatitis B surface antigen in yeast cells, a process that was more cost-effective and scalable than the plasma-derived method. (uw.edu)
  • There are also concerns that individuals who are immune to hepatitis B from vaccination will be susceptible to infection from HBV S escape mutants [ 11 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • R-mTBI transiently increases cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, particularly in male animals, and the pattern of cell proliferation suggests that this represents a neuroinflammatory response that is focused around the mid-brain rather than peripheral cortical regions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The second area of study is to understand the regulation of the immune response to cellular and solid organ grafts. (stanford.edu)
  • However, multiple hurdles exist for the realisation of a universal T cell vaccine. (mdpi.com)
  • Analysis of molecular dynamic simulation, C-immune simulation, codon adaptation, and in silico cloning validated that our designed vaccine is a suitable candidate against SPN. (springeropen.com)
  • CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several HLA genes or haplotypes immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of mid-1996 (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Earlier HIV infec- receptor gene polymorphism in HIV infection, tion diagnosis, inhibition of ongoing HIV replica- only genes of the HLA system were thought to tion with antiretroviral therapy (in industrialized protect against HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Less is known about HLA-DP relative to HLA-DQ and HLA-DR but the sequencing of DP types and determination of more frequent haplotypes has progressed greatly within the last few years. (wikipedia.org)
  • the primary amino acid sequences of the proteins coded by marburg and ebola-zaire filoviruses were studied by computer programs to search for putative proteolytic cleavages which yield nonapeptides with motifs of binding to known hla class i haplotypes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the computer analyses predicted that numerous nonapeptides with motifs to bind hla class i a68 and a2 haplotypes were detected. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The predominant immune cells are activated memory CD4 + T cells that express alpha/beta T-cell receptors, suggesting a central role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. (medscape.com)
  • in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. (lookformedical.com)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors used in treatment of advanced cancers are emerging as one of the important causes for worsening or de novo presentation of MG often associated with myositis and myocarditis and may carry grave prognosis. (medscape.com)
  • Prominent immunologic abnormalities include immune complexes produced by synovial lining cells and in inflamed blood vessels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Plasma cells produce antibodies (eg, rheumatoid factor [RF], anticyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP] antibody) that contribute to these complexes, but destructive arthritis can occur in their absence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Others lead to the destruction of receptors, either by complement fixation or by inducing the muscle cell to eliminate the receptors through endocytosis. (doctorbhatia.com)
  • Immunization of IgM -/- mice revealed an IgD immune response in place of the now absent IgM response, although with a delayed increase in antibody concentration as compared to normal. (medscape.com)
  • Tests for antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM-1), soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), and liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) may be helpful if antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test results are negative. (medscape.com)
  • a few nonapeptides with motifs hla class i a24, b8, b27 and b35 were predicted in marburg virus proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The primary objectives of this study are: - To determine the proportion of children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related death, rehospitalization or major complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and - To determine immunologic mechanisms and immune signatures associated with disease spectrum and subsequent clinical course during the year of follow-up. (stanford.edu)
  • Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and immune simulation were performed to ensure the binding between HLA and TLR4. (springeropen.com)
  • HLA-DP is an αβ-heterodimer cell-surface receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • HLA DP functions as a cell surface receptor for foreign or self antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normally, these APC 'present' class II receptor/antigens to a great many T-cells, each with unique T-cell receptor (TCR) variants. (wikipedia.org)
  • One major discovery was that members of the chemokine receptor family serve as cofactors for HIV entry into cells. (cdc.gov)
  • PTPN22 (Tyrosine Non-Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Type 22): Variants in this gene have been linked to an increased risk of lupus and other autoimmune diseases, and are thought to affect the regulation of the immune system . (adntro.com)
  • Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
  • In the 1990s, mammalian cell-derived HBV vaccines became commercially available. (uw.edu)
  • These vaccines contain both the S antigen and either the pre-S2 or the pre-S2 and pre-S1 HBV antigens. (uw.edu)
  • Neonatal lupus erythematosus presents group of autoimmune disorders that results from either congenital trans-placental passage of antinuclear and ribonuclear autoantibodies targeting fetal and neonatal tissues (Neonatal Lupus Syndromes( or to less extent from infant's intrinsic deregulated immune system (Primary infantile SLE). (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • STAT4 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4): Variants in the STAT4 gene have been associated with an increased risk of lupus and are thought to affect the regulation of the immune system . (adntro.com)
  • For example, the allele discovered after HLA-DPB1*9901 was assigned as DPB1*0102, the subsequent allele was named DPB1*0202, then *0302 and so on. (wikipedia.org)
  • This name assignment has been the most confusing system within the HLA nomenclature. (wikipedia.org)
  • To aid in migration of data to the new nomenclature the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System has provided the IMGT/HLA Nomenclature Conversion Tool Archived 2012-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. (wikipedia.org)
  • But cell therapy, like any biological transplant, faces the difficulty created by the immune system whose activity aims to reject any intrusion of biological material with an immune identity recognized as different from that of the recipient. (istem.eu)
  • In other words, a disease caused by the immune system. (adntro.com)
  • In some cases, the immune system does not correctly distinguish between self and non-self and mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. (adntro.com)
  • A type of disorder in which the immune system becomes overactive and attacks and damages the healthy tissues and organs of the body. (adntro.com)
  • As a consequence of this incorrect hyperstimulation of the immune system, a series of symptoms appear which can vary depending on the autoimmune disease. (adntro.com)
  • The innate immune system develops in utero and, unlike the adaptive (acquired) immune system , does not require imprinting or adaptation to specific antigens nor does it provide permanent pathogen -specific immunity . (amboss.com)
  • development of the immunoenzyme test-system for detection of ebola virus antigen]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • an enzyme immunoassay system has been developed for the detection of ebola virus antigen. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • However, the same immunosuppressive medications that are required to prevent the child's immune system from attacking and rejecting the transplanted organ can predispose these individuals to developing a very serious cancer that is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (stanford.edu)
  • Interestingly, transmission of an HLA-B8-associated escape mutation to an HLA-B8 negative subject resulted in rapid reversion of the mutation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Low or undetectable levels of IgD, in the absence of other concurrent disease or immune defects (eg, common variable immunodeficiency, complement deficiency), are not associated with morbidity or increased mortality. (medscape.com)
  • these are derived from yeast, mammalian cells, or plasma. (medilib.ir)
  • See 'Yeast-derived' below and 'Mammalian cell-derived' below. (medilib.ir)
  • Altered peptide ligands (APLs) which antagonise CTL recognition of infected cells have been reported (Jameson, S.C., F.R. Carbone, and M.J. Bevan. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When this recognition occurs in the appropriate context, it may result in signal transduction and activation of the T cell. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Proinflammatory islet antigen reactive CD4 T cells are linked with response to alefacept in type 1 diabetes. (immunetolerance.org)
  • Memory response becomes more potent and faster after subsequent exposures to an antigen . (amboss.com)
  • A total of 26/33 evaluable patients treated at 1280 μg developed an immune response, directed against multiple antigens in 15 out of 33 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions appear to have very low numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells in peripheral blood and are more likely to have a mutation in the gene that encodes TACI ( TNFRST13B ). (medscape.com)
  • Gut microbiota regulates K/BxN autoimmune arthritis through follicular helper T but not Th17 cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune-mediated inflammation causes secretory gland dysfunction, leading to dryness of the main mucosal surfaces. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Vaccination of mice using the West Nile virus E-protein in a DNA prime-protein boost strategy stimulates cell-mediated immunity and protects mice against a lethal challenge. (geneticimmunity.ru)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • We determined and published (in 2013) that the triple-homozygous donor alone with the most common haplotype in the Caucasian population (A1, B8, DR3: so it is A1A1, B8B8, DR3DR3) could serve up to 14.5 % of the population (heterozygotes A1Ax, B8By, DR3DRz) in France and in all countries of Caucasian population. (istem.eu)
  • Cell signaling occurs through this surface IgD. (medscape.com)
  • Studies in IgM-deficient IgM -/- mice reveal that B cells with surface expression of IgM were replaced by B cells with surface expression of IgD. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of NS3 sequences from 30 additional chronic HCV-infected subjects revealed a strong association between sequence variation within this region and expression of HLA-B8, supporting reproducible allele-specific selection pressures at the population level. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation. (lookformedical.com)
  • And at the bottom of the cell, serving both as the structural material and much of the machinery, against the variable x on a logarithmic scale to cover six orders of magnitude in the activation factor m ranging from 104 to 10. (banglaforexacademy.com)
  • Since the early years of the HIV epidemic, cell function, have been suggested to explain significant differences in the rate of disease these findings (7,10,11,15). (cdc.gov)
  • Large cells, usually multinucleate, whose presence is a common histologic characteristic of classical HODGKIN DISEASE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • HIV-1-Specific T Cell Precursors with High Proliferative Capacity Correlate with Low Viremia and High CD4 Counts in Untreated Individuals » by Sandra A. Calarota, Andrea Foli, Renato Maserati, Fausto Baldanti, Stefania Paolucci, Mary A. Young, Christos M. Tsoukas, Julianna Lisziewicz, and Franco Lori. (geneticimmunity.ru)
  • There is a slight genetic predisposition: particular HLA types seem to predispose for MG (B8 and DR3 with DR1 more specific for ocular myasthenia). (doctorbhatia.com)
  • In total T cell cultures, at low Ag dose, 4-1BBL provided the most potent costimulus for influenza-specific CD8 T cell expansion, followed by B7.1 (CD80) and then OX40L. (aai.org)
  • Combining antiretroviral drugs and immune therapies: an approach to achieve clinical benefit after treatment interruption » by Julianna Lisziewicz. (geneticimmunity.ru)