Immune drug induced. Medical search. Frequent questions

CONCLUSIONS: We identified drugs with the strongest evidence for an association with immune thrombocytopenia. (mcmaster.ca)
Which medications in the drug class Thrombopoietic Agents are used in the treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)? (medscape.com)
It is indicated for thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment. (medscape.com)
Indicated for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults who are newly diagnosed or those who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. (medscape.com)
American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. (medscape.com)
Detection of autoantibodies in immune thrombocytopenia is neither sensitive nor specific enough for diagnostic utility. (mja.com.au)
The heparin:PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia , an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin . (wikidoc.org)
History of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia with use of trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides. (empr.com)
ABSTRACT Immune thrombocytopenia is a benign and self-limiting disorder. (who.int)
This paper reviews the research about immune thrombocytopenia, comparing low- and high-income countries. (who.int)
One such disease in children is immune thrombocytopenia (also called immune thrombocytopenic purpura or ITP), which is the most common acquired bleeding illness in children [3]. (who.int)
The American Society of Hematology defines it as an isolated thrombocytopenia with clinically no apparent associated conditions or no other cause of thrombocytopenia, such as HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, lymphoproliferative disorders, myelodysplasia, agammaglobulinaemia or hypogammaglobulinaemia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia, alloimmune thrombocytopenia or congenital/hereditary non-immune thrombocytopenia [7]. (who.int)

Elevated liver enzymes and drug-induced liver injury: ALT, AST, and bilirubin elevations have occurred with pirfenidone including cases of drug-induced liver injury. (nih.gov)
In the post-marketing setting, non-serious and serious cases of drug-induced liver injury, including severe liver injury with fatal outcomes, have been reported. (nih.gov)
Ye is a Professor of Autoimmune liver diseases and Translational Hepatology at the Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham and Consultant Hepatologist at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital where he specialises in the management of autoimmune liver diseases, immune mediated liver injury and liver transplantation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
His group basic science research aims to dissect the pathogenesis mechanism of autoimmune liver diseases, immune mediated and drug induced/check point inhibitors liver injury with TransOMICS approach, deep immune profiling and develop personalised and stratified therapies. (birmingham.ac.uk)
He also leads the UK drug induced liver injury immunology work stream with his team and AIH Immunology work. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Ye and his team explore the underlying immune balance in the early and late stage of autoimmune liver diseases. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Drug-induced liver injury should be considered in any acute liver injury or jaundice without evidence of biliary obstruction. (bsg.org.uk)
Liver biopsy and HLA genotyping can help clinical management by differentiating DILI from AIH and excluding DILI secondary to certain drugs. (bsg.org.uk)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an unpredictable type of liver injury following exposure to medication within the recommended dose which is distinctive from liver injury caused by drug overdosage, commonly caused by paracetamol overdose (POD). (bsg.org.uk)
Acquired forms are generally caused by such extrinsic (extracellular) defects as infection, systemic disease, drugs or toxins, liver or kidney disease, or abnormal immune responses. (innvista.com)
Autoimmune hepatitis is caused by your own immune system getting confused and attacking your liver. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
Drug Induced Liver Injury is a rare side effect that some people get after taking medicine prescribed by their doctor. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has already been registered with the use of tocilizumab because it increases the transaminases significantly [5, 8-10]. (researchsquare.com)

Intracranial hemorrhage in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a retrospective analysis. (medscape.com)
The epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. (medscape.com)
Jubelirer SJ, Harpold R. The role of the bone marrow examination in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: case series and literature review. (medscape.com)
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura - current management practices. (medscape.com)
Tarantino MD, Buchanan GR. The pros and cons of drug therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children. (medscape.com)
Initial treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura with high-dose dexamethasone. (medscape.com)
The absence of high quality evidence for basic clinical dilemmas in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) underlines the need for contemporary guidelines relevant to the local treatment context. (mja.com.au)
Local guidelines are needed to assist clinicians treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in Australia and New Zealand. (mja.com.au)

In addition, checkpoint inhibitors are more frequently being employed in combination with other agents (including with other checkpoint inhibitors) in clinical practice, as well in hundreds of combination drug trials with other novel biological, targeted, and immunotherapies. (degruyter.com)
The use of checkpoint inhibitors in combination therapy further complicates the safety monitoring of SKM injury due to the potential for drug-drug interactions. (degruyter.com)
Rarely, kidney inflammation (nephritis) can develop with drug-induced lupus caused by TNF inhibitors or with ANCA vasculitis due to hydralazine or levamisole. (limamemorial.org)

Unfortunately, the available biomarkers for SKM injury do not fully meet the needs for satisfactory detection of drug-induced damage, both in clinical and research settings, mainly due to their low sensitivity and specificity. (degruyter.com)
Therefore, the present study proposes a strategy for drug safety monitoring using the available biomarkers of SKM injury. (degruyter.com)
Moreover, we will discuss mechanisms of drug-induced SKM injury, traditional laboratory testing for SKM injury, and novel skeletal myocyte biomarkers under investigation. (degruyter.com)
This can be incredibly useful in both clinical practice and for de-challenge/re-challenge investigational trials where the risk of drug-induced SKM injury is present. (degruyter.com)
The clinical picture of drug-induced myopathies may range from asymptomatic or mild myalgias, with or without muscle weakness, which are likely underreported, to chronic myopathy with severe weakness and rarely, even to massive rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury (AKI) [ 1 ]. (degruyter.com)
These include direct myotoxicity (caused by alcohol, cocaine, glucocorticoids, and statins, amongst others), immunologically-induced inflammatory myopathy (caused by D-penicillamine, statins, and anti-cancer drugs), and indirect SKM injury (occurs as a result of a variety of different mechanisms). (degruyter.com)
In clinical practice, as well as during drug development and in clinical trials, the diagnosis of SKM injury can be challenging due to the variable symptomology, reliance on patient-self reporting, and lack of highly specific biomarkers, such as those available for cardiac myocyte injury (i.e., cardiac troponins) [ 3 ]. (degruyter.com)
On the basis of the Phenotype Standardization Project Drug-Induced Skin Injury criteria, 4 we defined a case of DRESS as one that reported an onset of DRESS within 3 months of starting therapy, had evidence of involvement of the skin and/or internal organ system, and included at least 2 of the following: fever, eosinophilia and/or atypical lymphocytes, or lymphadenopathy. (psychiatrist.com)

The direct antiglobulin test is used most commonly to investigate possible hemolytic transfusion reactions , hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and drug-induced immune hemolysis. (medscape.com)
Drugs may cause a positive direct antiglobulin test result and/or immune-mediated hemolysis, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 1 million. (medscape.com)
Non-immune hemolysis may result from thermal, osmotic, or mechanical damage to red blood cells in transfusion products. (wikipedia.org)
Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions may be classified as either intravascular or extravascular hemolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Extravascular hemolysis is produced when the recipient's antibodies opsonize the donor's red blood cells, leading to their sequestration and phagocytosis by phagocyte immune cells such as macrophages. (wikipedia.org)

PIs could cause DTMA either by an immune mechanism or dose-dependent/cumulative toxicity. (hindawi.com)
To the best of our knowledge, only one case of DTMA has been reported with ixazomib due to an immune-mediated mechanism. (hindawi.com)
Here, we report the first case of ixazomib-induced DTMA due to cumulative toxicity rather than immune-mediated mechanism. (hindawi.com)
Table 1 illustrates the most common cancer therapeutic agents known to cause DTMA, with the most common mechanism being either toxic or immune mediated or both [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Common anticancer chemotherapeutic agents causing drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy via immune-mediated mechanism or dose-dependent toxicity or both [ 4 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The major biological mechanism behind aspirin-induced asthma is an imbalance of anti-inflammatory molecules - namely the inhibition of cycyloxygenase-2 (COX-2), which then triggers inflammation in airways and results in spasm in the bronchus (a passageway into the lungs). (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Lymphopenia and abnormal inflammatory citokin levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10) indicate the dysregulation of innate immune system and may contribute to the life-threatening mechanism of citokin storm. (researchsquare.com)
Some of these drugs induce antibody formation, which results in acantholysis via a mechanism identical to that found in idiopathic pemphigus. (medscape.com)
Because imiquimod is known to cause a localized immune response at the site of application, the generation of antibodies to desmoglein 1 has been postulated as a mechanism of action. (medscape.com)

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus is similar but not identical to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (limamemorial.org)

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR): Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported in association with the use of pirfenidone in the post-marketing setting. (nih.gov)
Related conditions are drug-induced cutaneous lupus and drug-induced ANCA vasculitis. (limamemorial.org)
Langerhans cells are thought to be an important component of the skin immune system as they process antigens in the skin that induce humoral immunoglobulin-A, cutaneous cell mediated immunity, or allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)

In immune-mediated DHTR, the transfusion recipient has antibodies that react with antigens on incompatible donor red blood cells, prompting lysis of the red blood cells by the recipient's immune cells, such as macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
The severity of immune-mediated hemolytic reactions may vary based on the type and quantity of both the transfused red blood cell antigens and the recipient's antibodies against them, as well as the ability of the antibodies to activate complement or opsonization. (wikipedia.org)
Some recipients do not have significant pre-existing antibodies against transfused red blood cells, but then develop higher levels of such antibodies following immune stimulation by the transfused red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
ANA are antibodies produced by the immune system that bind. (limamemorial.org)

The aetiology of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is uncertain but the disease can be triggered in susceptible patients by external factors such as viruses or drugs. (wjgnet.com)
There is no high-quality evidence that supports empirical use of steroids to treat DILI unless in scenarios when auto-immune hepatitis cannot be excluded. (bsg.org.uk)

Our recent study shows that the novel proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 induces apoptosis even in bortezomib-resistant MM cells. (dana-farber.org)

and immune mediated DILI (IM-DILI). (wjgnet.com)

Reactivation of herpes virus (HHV-6, HHV-7) or Epstein-Barr virus infections may also play a role by inducing or amplifying the immune reaction. (psychiatrist.com)
In other types of hemolytic anemia, the body's immune system , infections, certain drugs, or other agents attack normal red blood cells, causing them to hemolyze. (daviddarling.info)
For radical cure of P. vivax and P. ovale infections, concomitant therapy with an 8-aminoquinoline drug is necessary. (nih.gov)
The skin has been characterized as a secondary immune organ in terms of innate resistance to infections and acquired specific immunity to foreign antigens. (cdc.gov)
Infections that activate immune responses also change hormone release and brain activity-modifying behavior. (unc.edu)
Crews found neuro-immune activation by infections and/or alcohol create signaling cascades that continue through multiple loops of self-sustaining activation (Fig. 1). (unc.edu)
It may result from infections, other disorders, or reactions to drugs. (msdmanuals.com)

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a potentially life-threatening, delayed-onset drug reaction that is typically characterized by skin eruption and fever. (psychiatrist.com)

The effects of immune system dysfunction induced by biomolecules, drugs, chemicals, and immunomodulatory physical agents and diseases on dermal hypersensitivity were considered. (cdc.gov)

However, the complete etiology of drug-induced myopathies remains unclear. (degruyter.com)

Diclofenac has been implicated in many cases of life-threatening immune hemolytic anemia (IHA). (uni-regensburg.de)

Of those, 16 drugs met criteria for a definite laboratory diagnosis of DITP and thus had the highest probability of causing DITP. (mcmaster.ca)

Also, the body's immune system may recognize that the red blood cells are abnormal, and an organ called the spleen may remove the cells from the bloodstream. (daviddarling.info)
An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. (limamemorial.org)

Guidelines on the use of intravenous immune globulin for hematologic conditions. (medscape.com)

TMA caused by drugs is called drug-induced TMA (DTMA) [ 4 ], and cancer therapeutic agents are among the most common medications reported to cause DTMA. (hindawi.com)
FAERS supports FDA postmarketing safety surveillance for drug and therapeutic biologic products. (psychiatrist.com)
His studies in oncogenomics and cell signaling have defined mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to both conventional and novel drugs, providing the rationale for combining various therapeutic agents to enhance antiMM activity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
These findings identify an integral role of pDCs in MM pathogenesis and provide the basis for targeting pDC-MM interactions as therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcome.Genomics and proteomics studies have identified therapeutic targets to interrupt growth and/or amplify apoptotic signaling in MM cells to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)

Since in classic chemotherapies it is observed a decrease in immune response, methotrexate (MTX) was used only to compare the PnV effects on innate immune cells with a highly immunosuppressive antineoplastic drug. (nature.com)
The venom was effective at impairing tumor development in murine xenogeneic model, activating the innate immune response and increasing tumor infiltrating macrophages. (nature.com)
Neural-immune communication involves the central and peripheral nervous systems, the endocrine system and innate immune signaling first discovered in white blood cells, particularly monocyte-like cells. (unc.edu)
Dr. Fulton Crews, John Andrews Distinguished Professor, Professor of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, and Director of UNC's Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, has advanced the understanding of the role of innate immune signaling in the brain including the discovery that ethanol induction of innate immune signals contributes to the neurobiology of addiction. (unc.edu)
In the brain, cells known as microglia sense their surroundings, producing innate immune-signaling molecules. (unc.edu)
In an animal model of binge alcohol drinking, Crews' group found that alcohol activated microglia and increased brain levels of the proinflammatory chemokines-cytokines, TNFa, IL-1 b , and MCP-1(CCL2), as well as oxidases and proteases involved in innate immune activation. (unc.edu)
The alcohol-induced innate immune response was associated with cortical brain regions that show binge drinking-induced brain damage in rats. (unc.edu)
Crews hypothesized that the innate immune gene induction was not due to the brain damage, but rather, it was the cause of the binge drinking-induced brain damage. (unc.edu)
The results suggest a crucial role of NF-kB in alcohol-induced brain damage and support the hypothesis that innate immune gene induction contributes to alcohol-induced frontal cortical damage that could underlie the loss of behavioral control associated with alcohol addiction (Fig. 2). (unc.edu)
Figure 1: Mechanisms of Alcohol Induction of Brain Innate Immune Genes. (unc.edu)
Cytokine-chemokines act on cellular receptors to further increase NFkB transcription of innate immune genes in additional brain cells. (unc.edu)

Although the condition is chronic and immune-mediated, its symptoms generally improve in the summer and worsen in the winter. (pharmacytimes.com)

Many drugs have been linked to AIH phenotypes, which sometimes persist after drug discontinuation, suggesting that they awaken latent autoimmunity. (wjgnet.com)
The molecular mechanisms whereby MM cells evade drug-induced cytotoxicity and acquire drug-resistant phenotypes include interaction of MM cells with their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. (dana-farber.org)

Interacts with transmembrane domain of human TPO receptor and induces megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells. (medscape.com)

Drug-induced myopathies may result from various mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
Neuro-immune communication improves survival through multiple complex mechanisms that are poorly understood. (unc.edu)
His research focuses on the mechanisms of drug resistance in multiple myeloma. (dana-farber.org)
Thiol drugs are postulated to induce acantholysis through biochemical mechanisms without antibody formation. (medscape.com)
Nonthiol drugs are more likely to induce acantholysis via immune mechanisms. (medscape.com)

Drug-induced tremor is involuntary shaking due to the use of medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
Drug-induced tremor is a simple nervous system and muscle response to certain medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
Drug-induced tremor often goes away when you stop taking the medicine that is causing the shaking. (medlineplus.gov)
In rare cases, a drug such as propranolol may be added to help control the tremor. (medlineplus.gov)

Given its clinical severity and the need for prompt discontinuation of the drug, clinicians should be aware of the potential causal relationship between ziprasidone and DRESS. (psychiatrist.com)

Among non-asthmatic children, a shortage of vitamin C was found to be associated with nasal sinus inflammation , which is a characteristic of aspirin-induced asthma. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

The clinical study group, Groupe d'Etudes de la Pathologie Pulmonaire Iatrogene (GEPPI), maintains an active website listing of drugs that have been associated with pulmonary toxicity, which provides details on the frequency with which toxicities have been associated with individual drugs. (medscape.com)
Although conventional chest radiography is the first choice among imaging options for identifying patients with pulmonary manifestations of drug toxicity, limitations of the pattern approach often necessitate the use of other imaging techniques, in addition to clinical and laboratory assessments. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVE: To identify drugs with the strongest evidence for causing DITP based on clinical and laboratory criteria. (mcmaster.ca)
The clinical picture of drug-induced myopathies may be highly variable. (degruyter.com)
Macrophage activation, in response to antibody-mediated targeting of red blood cells, can also increase production of cytokines that induce a systemic response that results in clinical symptoms, such as fever, chills, abdominal pain, and back pain. (wikipedia.org)
Based on this molecular research, investigators chose to use the drug ibrutinib (formerly PCI-32765), a potent inhibitor of BTK, in their clinical trials. (nih.gov)

2 Betablockers, lithium, antimalarials, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may induce or exacerbate psoriasis. (pharmacytimes.com)
Since the 1950s, evidence has grown that drugs may cause or exacerbate pemphigus. (medscape.com)

In a series of studies, Crews first found an important role for chemokines, cytokines, proteases and oxidase enzymes that contribute to alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. (unc.edu)

Early recognition is important because drug-induced lung disease can often be reversed if appropriate therapy is instituted soon after the onset of symptoms. (medscape.com)
1 , 3 , 10-12 Although symptoms of DRESS may persist weeks to months after discontinuing the drug, the key to management is early recognition and withdrawal of the offending agent to improve outcomes and prevent fatalities. (psychiatrist.com)
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) has been reported with ziprasidone exposure. (psychiatrist.com)
Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis have been reported. (nih.gov)
Symptoms of drug-induced lupus tend to occur after taking the drug for at least 3 to 6 months. (limamemorial.org)

RESULTS: Of 153 drugs that were clinically implicated in thrombocytopenic reactions, 72 (47%) were associated with positive laboratory testing. (mcmaster.ca)
In another laboratory experiment, when guinea pigs were subjected to chemically-induced anaphylactic shock, 8 of 20 animals succumbed whereas only 2 of 18 animals given intravenous vitamin C died . (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Aspirin-induced asthma is a severe inflammatory disease, which affects patients after ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen). (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Most of the time, drug-induced lupus erythematosus is not as severe as SLE. (limamemorial.org)
Anaphylaxis, whether among asthmatics or non-asthmatics, is characterized by hives, (itchy red welts on the surface of the skin, aka urticaria), rapid swelling of the skin (angioedema), and more acutely, a sudden, severe allergic reaction accompanied by a sharp drop in blood pressure and breathing difficulties that are also characteristic of aspirin-induced asthma. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Common solid tumors that have been linked to cancer-induced TMA include gastric, breast, lung, and prostate adenocarcinomas, with gastric adenocarcinoma being the most reported. (hindawi.com)
Cancer immunotherapy drugs such as pembrolizumab can also cause a variety of autoimmune reactions including drug-induced lupus. (limamemorial.org)

Studies of cases of non-thiol-induced pemphigus reveal the presence of autoantibodies that recognize pemphigus antigens, in particular desmoglein 3, which is the pemphigus vulgaris antigen. (medscape.com)

His team dissect intrahepatic immune cells cross talk in the context of microenvironment and develop novel assay. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Infectious esophagitis can occur in people who have weakened immune systems. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Antibiotic-Induced Changes to the Host Metabolic Environment Inhibit Drug Efficacy and Alter Immune Function. (broadinstitute.org)

Ibrutinib induced multiple responses including some complete remissions in ABC lymphomas. (nih.gov)

are developing the drug to target B-cell malignancies, including various forms of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. (nih.gov)

The medical literature provides hypotheses, such as detoxification defects in the drug metabolism pathway, resulting in toxic metabolite formation and an immune response. (psychiatrist.com)

Hemolytic reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. (wikipedia.org)
Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions, such as DHTR, represent a type of alloimmunity. (wikipedia.org)

Your immune system protects your body from infection. (webmd.com)
A research team at The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT) aimed to characterize the viral factor(s) determining immune activation upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that ORF3b, a gene encoded by SARS-CoV-2, is a potent IFN antagonist. (scitechdaily.com)

Lupus is a disease of the immune system. (webmd.com)
But when you have lupus, your immune system attacks your own tissues. (webmd.com)
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by a reaction to a medicine. (limamemorial.org)

These are drugs that have a long-lasting effect on reducing gastric acid production. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Anaphylaxis was experimentally induced and mortality was experienced in 40% of the animals but only 11% of the animals pre-treated with vitamin C . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Mortality rates for drug-induced pemphigus have not been published. (medscape.com)

Avoid taking the drug that caused the reaction in future. (limamemorial.org)

The most common variant of pemphigus associated with drug exposure is pemphigus foliaceus , although pemphigus vulgaris has also been described. (medscape.com)

However, despite important advances including biological agents bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide, MM remains incurable due to the development of drug resistance, which manifests as relapsed/refractory disease. (dana-farber.org)
Functional analysis using in vitro and in vivo models of human MM in the BM milieu shows that pDCs confer growth, survival, chemotaxis, and drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
The FDA recently approved the first proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade), formerly known as PS-341, for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. However, prolonged treatment with bortezomib is associated with toxicity and the development of drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)

Lack of response to empiric antibiotic treatment and an imaging pattern of organizing pneumonia should raise suspicion of everolimus-induced pneumonitis in patients undergoing therapy with this drug. (medscape.com)
A positive direct antiglobulin test result may be the first indication of an immune response to a recent transfusion. (medscape.com)
DLBCL originates from B cells, which play a crucial role in the body's immune response. (nih.gov)
The body responds with an immune response characterized by cytokine release that elevates tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, IL-17, and interferon gamma. (pharmacytimes.com)
Thiol drugs may bind desmoglein 1 or desmoglein 3, creating a neoantigen, which then elicits an immune response. (medscape.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms14

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs94

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Thrombocytopenia12

Liver13

Thrombocytopenic purpura8

Inhibitors3

Injury8

Hemolysis5

Mechanism9

Systemic lupus erythe1

Cutaneous3

Antibodies4

Hepatitis2

Apoptosis1

DILI1

Infections7

Delayed-onset1

Biomolecules1

Etiology1

Hemolytic anemia1

Diagnosis1

Body's immune system2

Intravenous immune globulin1

Therapeutic4

Innate11

Chronic1

Phenotypes2

Differentiation1

Mechanisms5

Tremor4

Severity1

Inflammation1

Clinical6

Exacerbate2

Cytokines1

Symptoms5

Laboratory2

Inflammatory1

Severe2

Cancer2

Antigen1

Intrahepatic1

Infectious1

Efficacy1

Responses1

Multiple myeloma1

Hypotheses1

Reactions2

Infection2

Lupus3

Gastric1

Mortality2

Reaction1

Exposure1

Resistance3

Response5