ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)
Vivo6
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
Studies that compared postnatal outcomes between in vitro-conceived (IVF, ICSI or IVM) and in vivo-conceived mammalian animal models were included. (bvsalud.org)
In vivo conception included mating, artificial insemination, or either of these followed by embryo transfer to a recipient animal with or without in vitro culture. (bvsalud.org)
WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Conception via in vitro or in vivo means appears to have an influence on measurable outcomes of offspring physiology, manifesting differently across the species studied. (bvsalud.org)
Mammalian2
Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Fertilization4
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to cases in which women have had three failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts with good quality embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Although there is no accepted formal definition for recurrent implantation failure, Orvieto suggests that it is after three failed in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles with good quality embryos transferred [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Follicles2
Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Throughout a female's reproductive lifespan, the ovaries undergo continual structural changes that are crucial for the maturation of ovarian follicles and the production of sex steroid hormones. (mdpi.com)
Species2
When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
OUTCOMES: A total of 61 studies in five different species (bovine, equine, murine, ovine and non-human primate) met the inclusion criteria. (bvsalud.org)
Nuclear1
Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene3
Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Increases1
As the human population increases rapidly, we modify the landscape to meet our increasing need for the resources to sustain our modern lifestyles. (scirp.org)
Infertility2
At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, common ART interventions may have long-term consequences for those conceived through these techniques, regardless of the pathology underpinning diagnosed infertility. (bvsalud.org)
Exposure4
However, in occupational set-up, humans are exposed to ATZ at a thousand-fold higher concentration than seen in residential exposure. (frontiersin.org)
Concerns therefore about exposure focus on the degradation, mainly by hydrolysis, of these polymers and the plastic objects derived therefrom. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, some studies suggest that dermal absorption may contribute some small fraction to the overall human exposure. (wikipedia.org)
Public health officials and others concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAELs) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAELs) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
Sperm1
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
Cells1
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
Cattle1
Despite considerable heterogeneity, these studies suggest that the use of IVF or maturation results in offspring with higher birthweights and a longer length of gestation, with most of this evidence coming from studies in cattle. (bvsalud.org)
Maintain1
The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproductive2
The use of systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impacts of the predominant ART interventions used clinically in human populations on animals produced in healthy fertile populations offers an alternative approach to understanding the long-term safety of reproductive technologies. (bvsalud.org)
Optimizing animal and human studies that investigate the safety of new reproductive technologies will provide insight into safeguarding the introduction of novel interventions into the clinical setting. (bvsalud.org)
Animals2
the ban on use of DES in humans came in 1971 and in animals, in 1979. (wikipedia.org)
The continuous increase in the human population coupled with rising incomes and urbanization necessitates the need to conserve the genetic potential of animals to avoid or lower the consequences of biodiversity loss. (scirp.org)
Free1
To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects2
LOAELs or NOAELs should also help in determining whether or not the effects vary with dose and/or duration, and place into perspective the possible significance of these effects to human health. (cdc.gov)
Utilising fly genetics, this study generated the first Drosophila model of human wild-type and P460L mutant EphA1 and tested the effects of Eph /ephrin signalling on AD-relevant behaviour and neurophysiology. (sdbonline.org)
Treatment2
Relative abundance of mature MIR21 was quantified at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 42 h of in vitro (IVM) with or without treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, if it can be demonstrated that the biochemical and structural basis upon which memory and personality (personal identity) rest are degraded or destroyed by some cryopreservation techniques, while being preserved by others, then the issue of what treatment to choose within the sphere of human cryopreservation procedures becomes paramount. (chronopause.com)
Study1
This minireview is derived from talks delivered as part of the BioPore Minisymposium: The Egg Surface at the 32nd annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, 31 July-3 August 1999 in Pullman, Washington. (bioone.org)
Increase1
this reduction may be due to an increase in testosterone levels and testosterone to estradiol ratio, which will affect gonad maturation (Friesen et al. (researchgate.net)