• A physician caring for a pregnant patient who requires medication should take care in choosing dosages and types of drugs that maximize effectiveness while minimizing fetal risk. (medscape.com)
  • These studies showed signals emanating from fetal liver cells induced hepatic differentiation in stem cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The differentiation mechanisms involving metabolomics products could have an impact on advancing recruitment of stem/progenitor cells during tissue homeostasis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Bandi, S , Tchaikovskaya, T & Gupta, S 2019, ' Hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by developmental stage-related metabolomics products ', Differentiation , vol. 105, pp. 54-70. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Essentially, by providing excessive cholinergic stimulation throughout fetal life, nicotine discoordinates the numerous events in cell replication, differentiation and synaptic development that are necessary to the proper assembly of the mammalian brain. (nature.com)
  • VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • While the thyroid tends to concentrate a higher percentage of iodide (I¯), extrathyroidal tissues tend to utilize a greater percentage of molecular iodine (I₂), which exerts multiple and complex actions related to its role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, a pro-inflammatory, an inducer of apoptosis, an immune modulator, and a promotor of cell differentiation (3). (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • The fetal hemoglobin may play a protective role against coronavirus in neonates. (thieme-connect.com)
  • It is essential to understand the effect of medications and to know the point in fetal development when drugs are most toxic and which fetal organs are most susceptible. (medscape.com)
  • Eventually, they become highly specialized into the various organs and tissues of the body. (ewtn.com)
  • Organs and tissues that take up iodine. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • proposed the "mononuclear phagocyte system" theory, by which tissue-resident macrophages were assumed to derive from blood-circulating monocytes and to differentiate within the host tissue ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
  • The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
  • Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is liver disease which could lead to premature birth, fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia, and increasing risk of fetal morbidity and mortality [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1974. Insecticides in the tissues of four generations of rats fed different dietary fats containing a mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. (cdc.gov)
  • However, information about the role of deprivation of thyroid hormone in early developmental growth and function of testis in relation to antioxidant status in immature rats is inadequate. (hindawi.com)
  • To determine the correlation between maternal bile acid (BA) level and fetal pulmonary surfactant in rats and study the effects of BA on fetal lung in rat model of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. (hindawi.com)
  • Levels of total bile acid (TBA), ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, and SP-A were determined and the lungs of fetal rats were analyzed for pathological changes. (hindawi.com)
  • Groups A and B intervened with BA showed significant higher level of TBA in both maternal and fetal serum, more mortality rate of fetal rats, more concentration of SP-A in fetal serum, and wider alveolus mesenchyme of fetal rats than the control Group C. Higher level of BA associated with increased fetal risk and lower numerical density of mitochondria in type II alveolar epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The TBA level in maternal serum showed significant association with lung pathological changes in fetal rats. (hindawi.com)
  • While early research investigating the consequences of premature birth traditionally focused on the pulmonary consequences in this population, other systemic long-term sequelae are increasingly well-documented. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, whether the level of TBA in maternal serum caused perinatal abnormality of pulmonary surfactant and fetal lung tissue morphological structure remains largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • In 2017, fetal researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a study showing they had grown premature lamb fetuses for four weeks in an extra-uterine life support system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diseases which involve the motor neurone are associated with a characteristic set of pathological changes in human muscle. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Brain tissues from cerebellum, midfrontal, and cingulate gyrus obtained at autopsy from 11 patients with autism were used for morphological studies. (blogspot.com)
  • The levels of TBA in maternal serum were found to have significant positive correlation with those in fetal serum and SP-A level but negatively with the area of alveolus and the numerical density of lamellar body. (hindawi.com)
  • Howard and Murphy found that fetal serum TBA was higher than that of the maternal level during late stage of normal pregnancy [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While ICP occurs, high bile acid level in maternal blood made damage to placental transport, leading to bile acid deposition in fetal body [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Brick-and-mortar posts have maternal-fetal, honest SEO, and we can Try you with Posting your monster to serve build then by all und months. (polytone.net)
  • Artificial supply and disposal have the potential advantage of allowing the fetus to develop in an environment that is not influenced by the presence of disease, environmental pollutants, alcohol, or drugs which a human may have in the circulatory system. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • Advances in medicine emerge from prospective clinical trials, which allow patients with a given disease and meeting specific eligibility criteria to access studies that provide a controlled assessment of a therapy. (abta.org)
  • Defining the unique therapeutic vulnerabilities of these subtypes of SCLC should help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research, leading to rationally targeted approaches that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with this disease. (cancerindex.org)
  • Prior to the past two decades, the four circulating species of coronaviruses associated with human disease were known to be a significant cause of the common cold and other mild URIs. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
  • In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)
  • The presence of advanced ovarian cancer is often suspected on clinical grounds, but it can be confirmed only pathologically by removal of the ovaries or, when the disease is advanced, by sampling tissue or ascitic fluid. (medscape.com)
  • In part two of this series, I take a closer look at the role that iodine plays in the thyroid and in various extrathyroidal tissues where it supports breast health, ovarian function, fertility and the normal development of the brain and nervous system in the fetus and newborn. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • Premature birth affects more than 10% of live births, and is characterized by relative hyperoxia exposure in an immature host. (frontiersin.org)
  • Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that persons must be at "full age" when married and that marriage should be entered into "freely" and with "full consent. (cdc.gov)
  • For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. (mdpi.com)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • You will have access to both the presentation and article (if available). (bioone.org)
  • This article is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License. (lu.se)
  • Recently, bile acid was found to cause surfactant inactivation by enhancing the activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and induce inflammatory response of fetal lung [ 5 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In stem cells exposed to signals from fetal cells, mechanistic gene networks of upstream regulators decreased pluripotency, while simultaneously inducing mesenchymal and epithelial properties. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conventional lineage DCs generally differentiate into myeloid DCs which originally come from tissues, such as epithelial or interstitial DCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies showed that renal stem cells can be directly induced into renal tubular epithelial cells to repair damaged tissue structures. (bjbms.org)
  • Although these erythrocytes consisted mostly of fetal-type hemoglobin, they were confirmed to have oxygen-carrying capacity and to have circulatory capacity following transfusion into mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Before a woman first conceives, her breasts consist mostly of connective tissue surrounding a branching network of ducts, with relatively few milk producing cells. (ewtn.com)
  • Peri-implant tissue in machined implant showed intense new bone formation within all threads of the implants of the non-diabetic group (BIC = 82.8 ± 9.23 e BD = 38.7 ± 4.27) while diabetic group (BIC = 35.3 ± 9.4 and BD = 20.0 ± 3.8) exhibited small and immature bone formation within threads of the implants with thickness fibrous connective tissue interposition between bone-implant interface. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2000. The effect of raloxifene on the uterine weight response in immature mice exposed to 17- estradiol, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis ( p -chlorophenyl)ethane, and methoxychlor. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell transplantation studies were performed in mice with drug-induced acute liver failure to elicit benefits in hepatic support and tissue regeneration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The extent of metabolic and synthetic functions in stem cell-derived hepatocytes was sufficient for providing hepatic support along with promotion of tissue repair to rescue mice in acute liver failure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Female C57Bl/6 mice with/without mainstream cigarette smoke exposure (3 research cigarettes a day, 5 days a week) were mated to nonsmoking males. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We subcutaneously injected MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells into BALB/C nude mice to establish a tumour model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • Renal stem cells inhibited apoptosis and improved damaged local microenvironment through intrinsic paracrine effects, thereby contributing to the repair and regeneration of renal tissue injury. (bjbms.org)
  • More recent studies suggested that DCs derived from tissues without "danger" signal stimulation should be regarded as immature DCs, based on their major role in antigen uptake and endocytosis of antigens [ 11 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lovastatin exhibits toxicity in human fetal brain cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. (blogspot.com)
  • We developed a method that, for the first time, is able to study the complete genome of glial cells and see how they accumulate somatic mutations, starting from fetal life and through older stages. (abta.org)
  • Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure. (mdwiki.org)
  • To determine mechanisms in these stage-specific lineage interactions, we modeled potential effects of soluble signals derived from immortalized human fetal liver parenchymal cells on stem cells, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • T4 can be converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the peripheral tissues of the liver, kidneys, and muscles. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • Lung tissue from the offspring was examined by mean linear intercept analysis and by quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data. (cancerindex.org)
  • According to The Washington Post, in 2021 "the International Society for Stem Cell Research relaxed a historical "14-day rule" that said researchers could grow natural embryos for only 14 days in the laboratory, allowing researchers to seek approval for longer studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • It could also be used for the initiation of fetal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical Research Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. (cdc.gov)
  • Its relevance in maintaining brain tissue homeostasis from development to aging and neurodegenerative diseases is undisputed but, nonetheless, many fundamental questions about the biology of the process remain open: How is phagocytosis efficiency regulated at the cellular and molecular levels? (frontiersin.org)
  • Field CJ The immunological components of human milk and their effect on immune development in infants. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
  • Iodine is necessary for the normal development of breast tissue and suppresses breast cancer cell and tumor growth. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • We also highlight cis- regulatory divergence in CUX1 and EDNRB that may shape the trajectory of human brain development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A) Organization of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus (not drawn to scale), encoding three distinct proteins, p15 INK4b , p14 ARF and p16 INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, little is known about the expression of HBD-1 or HBD-2 in tissues of the oral cavity and whether these proteins are secreted. (lookformedical.com)
  • A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue , such as hair , muscle , teeth , or bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • A mature teratoma often contains several different types of tissue such as skin , muscle , and bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • In the acid-etched surface implants in both, diabetic and non-diabetic groups, the peri-implant tissue showed intense new bone formation within all threads of the implants with BIC = 74.4 ± 14.7 e BD = 35.4 ± 3.48 in non-diabetic group and BIC = 63.1 ± 12.9 e BD = 29.6 ± 4.9 in diabetic group. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2002, it was announced that tissue samples from cultured endometrial cells removed from a human donor had successfully grown. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is well established that the formation of normal numbers of Sertoli cells is a key factor in determining testis size, germ cell numbers per testis, and sperm production rate in adulthood in a range of mammals, including humans [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Fetal type Leydig cells disappear soon after birth (during first 2 weeks after birth) and are replaced by adult type Leydig cells [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Endogenous cell signals regulate tissue homeostasis and are significant for directing the fate of stem cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By transducing two genes (c-MYC and BCL-XL) into iPS cells and ES cells, a research team has succeeded in producing erythrocyte progenitor cells with almost unlimited ability to replicate in vitro, which they then differentiated successfully into mature erythrocytes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The research showed that an increase in the expression of the c-MYC gene led to an enhancement of the replication ability of erythrocyte progenitor cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As the c-MYC gene and BCL-XL gene are present within erythrocyte progenitor cells, methods that make use of them actually mimic the body's own system and can therefore be thought of as safer with a view to future clinical application than the previously developed systems for large-scale erythrocyte production using oncogene-derived from Human papillomavirus that are not normally expressed in the human body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Studies in animals and human tissue cultures indicate that cells in this state face exceptionally high risks of becoming cancerous. (ewtn.com)
  • Immature angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) interferes with coronavirus entry into the cells. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)
  • Taken together, this study clarified the effect of age on the content of human renal stem cells and determined the regulatory mechanism of hypoxia on renal stem cells. (bjbms.org)
  • We expect our results to provide a research basis for the treatment and clinical application of renal stem cells. (bjbms.org)
  • Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
  • target of fetal dibutyryl and its cells. (polytone.net)
  • To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. (blogspot.com)
  • Immature teratoma is the malignant counterpart of the mature teratoma and contains immature tissues which typically show primitive or embryonal neuroectodermal histopathology. (mdwiki.org)
  • Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell-cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. (mdpi.com)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • Expression of HBD-2 mRNA was detected only in the gingival mucosa and was most abundant in tissues with associated inflammation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Great Divergence came an book Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2009 (Countries experimental are fetal for the present semester information we meet entry. (besttires.com)
  • While these associations have been reported for multiple cohorts in differing locations and across varying exposure levels, they have yet to be confirmed in an experimental model that reproduces the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of real-world TRAP to which humans are exposed. (nature.com)
  • 7 That multiple genes are involved in human lymphoma formation has also been suggested by experimental mouse models. (haematologica.org)
  • Molecular cloning and characterization of rat genes encoding homologues of human beta-defensins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Under these recommendations, it is possible that extrathyroidal tissues may bear the consequences of suboptimal iodine levels (5). (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
  • In 2016, scientists published two studies regarding human embryos developing for thirteen days within an ecto-uterine environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • An artificial uterus could also help make fetal surgery procedures at an early stage an option instead of having to postpone them until term of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, because these species are altricial, birth occurs at neurodevelopmental stages analogous to the end of the second trimester of human pregnancy, so that adverse effects originating in late gestation would be better modeled in nonhuman primates such as the monkey. (nature.com)
  • The Organization of Teratology Information Specialists is a network of risk-assessment counselors in the United States and Canada who specialize in researching and communicating the risks associated with drug exposures in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Father Frank Pavone, a key proponent of the Roman Catholic Church's pro-life movement, has devoted his life's work to ending abortion, euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research, and other techniques and procedures that he believes threaten human life from conception to death. (asu.edu)
  • Public health officials and others concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAELs) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAELs) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (Minimal Risk Levels or MRLs) have been made for methyl parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • An MRL is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse effects (noncarcinogenic) over a specified duration of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunocytochemical studies showed marked activation of microglia and astroglia, and cytokine profiling indicated that macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. (blogspot.com)
  • Clinical studies increasingly indicate that genetic aberrations in human cancers correlate with changes in immune composition and responses to immunotherapy [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and Office of Emergency Preparedness, Depart- ter for Civilian Biodefense Studies, Johns Hopkins Uni- ment of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md (Dr of terrorism.2-5 The causative agent of tu- versity Schools of Medicine (Drs Inglesby, Bartlett, and Tonat). (cdc.gov)
  • This research will be the first of its kind, improving our understanding of brain tumor initiation but also in providing the basis for developing sensitive methods for detecting incipient tumors where no manifestation is evident. (abta.org)
  • Mature teratoma of the mediastinum: A horizontal slice of the resected tumor reveals fibrofatty tissue, calcified areas, and a few cystic spaces lined with smooth membrane and containing a hair. (mdwiki.org)
  • Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s by researchers studying the etiology of upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children and young adults. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Second, the larger amounts of tissue available from fetal monkey brain enables determinations to be carried out more readily in specified regions and subregions. (nature.com)
  • Gene expression profiling and comparison of regulatory networks in immature and mature hepatocytes revealed stem cell-derived hepatocytes represented early fetal-like stage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cotton balls must be manually counted as they are placed in and removed from the brain, but as they soak up blood to clear the surgeon's field of view, they become visually indistinguishable from the surrounding brain tissue. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be delivered intravenously to target primary and metastatic lesions, but the interaction between human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and VSV remains poorly understood. (karger.com)
  • The beta-defensin genes mapped closely on rat chromosome 16 and were closely linked to the alpha-defensins genes, suggesting that they are part of a gene cluster, similar to the organization reported for humans. (lookformedical.com)
  • Intense efforts to examine genetic alterations in human cancer have provided a catalogue of cancer-causing genes. (haematologica.org)
  • The study of functional synergism among cancer-causing genes is thus becoming one of the central issues in cancer research. (haematologica.org)
  • These genes are transcriptionally deregulated as the partner genes of IgH translocation, and are thus thought to perform crucial roles in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • 2 A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of two genes from BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • 7 Importantly, it is believed that other hitherto unknown genes also play important roles in lymphomagenesis in addition to the synergistic effects of the aforementioned two oncogenes since human B-cell lymphomas often show a variety of genes subject to alterations and/or deregulated expression. (haematologica.org)
  • 13 The identification and clarification of the multiple cooperative genes implicated in human lymphoma formation is important, although our present understanding of such genes remains scant. (haematologica.org)
  • Applying this strategy to data from human-chimpanzee hybrid cortical organoids, we identify signatures of lineage-specific selection on genes related to saccharide metabolism, neurodegeneration, and primary cilia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tissue sample was then engineered to form the shape of a natural uterus, and human embryos were then implanted into the tissue. (wikipedia.org)