• BID is a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2. (thermofisher.com)
  • Several MYC-induced pathways, such as activation of the p53/ARF pathway, changes in expression, and activity of BCL2 proteins or alterations in death receptor signaling have been linked to apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • However, relating gene expression with the specific role that the corresponding protein plays in a signaling pathway is complicated by post-transcriptional control of protein expression [ 8 ] and tight regulation of protein activity [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Boosani CS, Mannam AP, Cosgrove D, Silva R, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Keshamouni VG, Sudhakar A. Regulation of COX-2 mediated signaling by alpha3 type IV noncollagenous domain in tumor angiogenesis. (famri.org)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • We observed "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were both enriched in the two breast cancer models while "IGF signaling" and "cell motility" pathways were enriched in BT474 and "amino acid metabolism" were enriched in the SKBR3 cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were common to both the cell lines, the observed patterns of protein expression suggest that the evasion of apoptosis in each tumorigenic cell line occurs via different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death, characterized by fragmentation of inter-nucleosomal DNA [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Two major mechanisms of apoptosis are an extrinsic, death-receptor mediated mechanism, and an intrinsic, mitochondria-mediated mechanism [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The Bcl-2 family of proteins, which includes the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, is implicated in the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The present findings suggest that local IFN production may interact with a genetic factor ( PTPN2 ) to induce aberrant proapoptotic activity of the BH3-only protein Bim, resulting in increased β-cell apoptosis via JNK activation and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The antigen corresponds to amino acid range 1-195 of the target protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Ser51 inhibits 5' cap-dependent mRNA translation, resulting in the global suppression of protein synthesis to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stresses linked to protein synthesis, including proteotoxic stress, viral replication, heme depletion and amino acid withdrawal [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
  • In this review, we summarize some of the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in major depression (depicted in Figure 1 ) and also discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction could instigate downstream changes in extracellular matrix proteins such as reelin, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), oxidative stress, and inflammation, and finally adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The pathological characteristics of AD are exhibited by the extracellular plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
  • The adaptor protein Grb2 is able to enhance the activity of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Btk through a novel mechanism, revealing a new role for Grb2 in B-cell signaling. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pathway inference tools were used to interpret these proteins in terms of functionally enriched pathways in the tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis has previously been used to identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways associated with breast tumor phenotypes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)
  • The stromal component interacts with tumor cells in complex crosstalk to support tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objectives of this study were to quantify alterations in protein expression in two HER2+ cellular models of breast cancer and to infer differentially regulated signaling pathways in these models associated with the hallmarks of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As detailed in the right side of the image, there are a series of mitochondrial alterations that have been observed both in depressed patients and in animal models of depression (red lines). (frontiersin.org)
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Bid is important to cell death mediated by these proteases and thus is the sentinel to protease-mediated death signals. (kactusbio.com)
  • This triggers potent inside out signals inducing ADP release from dense bodies ( Shape change & agonist release ) as well as activating platelet major integrin α IIb β 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • We reveal the potential to exploit interactions of sPLA 2 s with other proteins in medical terms, for the development of original diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. (ijbs.com)
  • By two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of synaptosomal fractions from transgenic mouse brains we detected additional isoforms of septin 6, a downstream target of Cdc42 effector proteins. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • MYC induces proliferation, but at the same time it can induce cell death. (ashpublications.org)
  • The combination of NSCs with NSC-derived exosomes ameliorated the injury of brain tissue including cerebral infarction, neuronal death, and glial scarring, and promoted the recovery of motor function. (elifesciences.org)
  • The ISR (Fig. 1 ) is a complex signaling pathway that regulates cellular responses to stress stimuli and enables either adaptation or the instigation of cell death mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A proteomic workflow was used to identify proteins in two HER2 positive tumorigenic cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) that were differentially expressed relative to a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (184A1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Targeted therapies exploit molecular vulnerabilities unique to cancer cells and typically alter cellular signaling pathways to inhibit tumorigenic growth and promote cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
  • Is there a hallmark 'glycosylation signature' that characterizes the initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs in physiologic and pathologic settings? (nature.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cells exhibit a number of common traits that differentiate themselves from normal cells, including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and evading growth suppressors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bid is a member of the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators. (thermofisher.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and proliferation exist in balance in functional physiological systems. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Proliferation is involved in structural development and renewal, while programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate defective cells and prevent uncontrolled growth. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • NF-κB up-regulates Fas and predisposes to Fas-induced cell death, which is caspase-8 mediated and can be prevented by CFLAR overexpression. (ashpublications.org)
  • Apoptotic cell death is induced by aberrant Aβ peptides and tau aggregates in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell death was assessed by Hoechst and propidium iodide staining. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Mouse BID, His Tag immobilized on CM5 Chip can bind Human BCL2L1/Bcl-XL Protein, His Tag with an affinity constant of 33.06 nM as determined in SPR assay (Biacore T200). (kactusbio.com)
  • BID serves as a direct molecular link between caspase 8 activation and mitochondrial death machinery. (thermofisher.com)
  • The eIF2α kinases phosphorylate Ser51 of eIF2α which leads to suppression of global protein synthesis but selective enhancement of translation of some mRNAs, such as that encoding ATF4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bid contains only the BH3 domain, which is required for its interaction with the Bcl-2 family proteins and for its pro-death activity. (kactusbio.com)
  • Transcriptional activation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 by ligands targeting its heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) occurs through a nonclassical pharmacological mechanism involving ligand-binding domain protein-protein interaction inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast to genomic-based assays, proteomics provides an attractive platform to profile this regulatory layer of protein activity and differences in the level of protein expression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The structural diversity of sPLA 2 -BPs reveals sPLA 2 s as very promiscuous proteins, and we offer some structural explanations for this nature that makes these proteins evolutionarily highly advantageous. (ijbs.com)
  • 3 Increased amounts of MYC protein are found in many types of human cancer because control mechanisms keeping MYC in check are inactivated during malignant transformation of cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • The LINE-1 retrotransposon protein, ORF1p, forms a condensate on RNA that is essential for retrotransposition, and may explain cis -preference through a co-translational assembly mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
  • CASP8 cleaves this encoded protein, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cdc42 effector proteins were also co-immunoprecipitated with alpha-synuclein from brainstem lysates and were colocalized with alpha-synuclein aggregates in brain sections by double immunostaining. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • Since the last overview of sPLA 2 -binding proteins (sPLA 2 -BPs) 10 years ago, several important discoveries have occurred in this area. (ijbs.com)
  • Bid, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, was initially cloned based in its ability to interact with both Bcl-2 and Bax. (kactusbio.com)
  • Clicking the images or links will redirect you to a website hosted by BenchSci that provides third-party scientific content. (thermofisher.com)