Idiosyncratic liver injury idiosyncratic reactions are adverse reactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

The FRAME Alternatives Laboratory is one of 51 partners from 16 countries working with COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) to research the causes of drug-induced liver injury in a project known as the Pro Euro DILI Network. (drugdiscoverytoday.com)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury, or DILI, is an acute adverse hepatic reaction that occurs in a small proportion of patients exposed to a drug. (drugdiscoverytoday.com)
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and herb-induced liver injury is a hot topic for clinicians, academia, drug companies and regulators, as shown by the steadily increasing number of publications in the past 15 years. (wjgnet.com)
This review will first provide clues for clinicians to suspect idiosyncratic (unpredictable) DILI and succeed in diagnosis. (wjgnet.com)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an underreported and underestimated adverse drug reaction. (qxmd.com)
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with autoimmune features is a liver condition with laboratory and histological characteristics similar to those of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which despite being increasingly reported, remains largely undefined. (bvsalud.org)
AIMS: Detection and characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) currently rely on standard liver tests, which are suboptimal in terms of specificity, sensitivity and prognosis. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: Serial blood samples were collected from 32 DILI and 34 non-DILI acute liver injury (ALI) cases and a single sample from 43 population controls without liver injury (HLC) and analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or single-molecule arrays. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: ccK18 appears promising in distinguishing DILI from autoimmune hepatitis but less so from other forms of acute liver injury. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: The use of corticosteroids to treat patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) relies on empirical clinical decisions. (bvsalud.org)
AIM: To investigate the relationship between corticosteroids and risk of acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with DILI and to assess if corticosteroid therapy was associated with improved outcomes in DILI patients. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: We analysed bona fide idiosyncratic DILI cases from the Spanish DILI Registry and Indiana University School of Medicine. (bvsalud.org)
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), also known as hepatotoxicity, refers to liver damage caused by prescription or over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbal preparations. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
DILI can range from mild elevation in liver enzymes to severe life-threatening liver failure. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Multiple factors influence susceptibility to DILI like genetic variability, existing liver disease, taking multiple hepatotoxic drugs, dosage and duration of treatment. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an acute adverse hepatic reaction that occurs in only a small proportion of individuals exposed to a drug, it is unexpected from the known pharmacological action of the agent, leading to illness, disability, hospitalization, including life threatening liver failure and death or need for liver transplantation. (proeurodilinet.eu)
Liver biopsy and HLA genotyping can help clinical management by differentiating DILI from AIH and excluding DILI secondary to certain drugs. (bsg.org.uk)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an unpredictable type of liver injury following exposure to medication within the recommended dose which is distinctive from liver injury caused by drug overdosage, commonly caused by paracetamol overdose (POD). (bsg.org.uk)
DILI usually occurs after a latency period ranges from few days to months post-exposure compared to a period from hours to days in liver injury due to overdose. (bsg.org.uk)
Following a large national audit in the UK of 881 consecutive patients admitted with jaundice, where a biliary obstruction was ruled out by imaging, idiosyncratic DILI was the second most common cause of liver injury (15% of cases) after alcoholic liver disease (2). (bsg.org.uk)
DILI can progress to acute liver failure (ALF) accounting to 7-15% of total ALF cases (3). (bsg.org.uk)
The pattern of DILI is based on the earliest identified liver chemistry elevations above the upper limit of normality (ULN) that fit DILI criteria and defined using R-value where R = (ALT/ULN)/(ALP/ULN). (bsg.org.uk)
Mortality/ liver transplant rates exceed 10% in DILI patients with hepatocellular injury and jaundice (5, 6). (bsg.org.uk)
The outcome is worse when acute liver failure develops in DILI than that in paracetamol overdose. (bsg.org.uk)

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage. (wikipedia.org)
Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury also account for a substantial number of compound failures, highlighting the need for toxicity prediction models (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs or toxins that have a pharmacological (type A) hepatotoxicity are those that have predictable dose-response curves (higher concentrations cause more liver damage) and well characterized mechanisms of toxicity, such as directly damaging liver tissue or blocking a metabolic process. (wikipedia.org)
Idiosyncratic (type B) injury occurs without warning, when agents cause non-predictable hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals, which is not related to dose and has a variable latency period. (wikipedia.org)
Although individual analgesics rarely induce liver damage due to their widespread use, NSAIDs have emerged as a major group of drugs exhibiting hepatotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Physicians must be vigilant in identifying drug-related liver injury because early detection can decrease the severity of hepatotoxicity if the drug is discontinued. (medscape.com)
The manifestations of drug-induced hepatotoxicity are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes to fulminant hepatic failure. (medscape.com)
According to critical analysis of the hepatotoxicity of drugs in LiverTox, 53% of drugs had at least one case report of convincing reports of liver injury. (qxmd.com)
The typical case of acute liver injury arises within 3 to 8 weeks of starting warfarin, although rare instances of liver injury arising after months or years of therapy have been reported (and these long latencies are common with phenprocoumon hepatotoxicity). (nih.gov)

Fluoroquinolone therapy and idiosyncratic acute liver injury: a population-based study. (greenmedinfo.com)
Drug-induced liver injury should be considered in any acute liver injury or jaundice without evidence of biliary obstruction. (bsg.org.uk)
Liver injury due to warfarin therapy is rare, but clinically apparent acute liver injury attributable to it has been reported. (nih.gov)

Most importantly, many of the adverse effects mediated via RMs are idiosyncratic and hence unpredictable. (awametox.com)
Unpredictable liver injury - Also called idiosyncratic, these are rare adverse reactions not directly linked to the drug's standard effects. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Those that develop acute liver failure can still recover spontaneously, but may require transplantation if poor prognostic signs such as encephalopathy or coagulopathy is present (see King's College Criteria). (wikipedia.org)
It can lead to illness, disability, life-threatening liver failure, the need for liver transplantation and death. (drugdiscoverytoday.com)
Approximately 75% of the idiosyncratic drug reactions result in liver transplantation or death. (medscape.com)
In 2009, the FDA issued guidelines to assist the pharmaceutical industry and other investigators who are conducting new drug development in assessing the potential for a drug to cause severe liver injury (ie, irreversible liver failure that is fatal or requires liver transplantation). (medscape.com)
Finally, withdrawal flares occur between 4 and 12 weeks after stopping lamivudine and can be severe, symptomatic and even lead to clinical decompensation, acute liver failure and either death or need for emergency liver transplantation. (nih.gov)

Drug-induced hepatic injury is the most common reason cited for withdrawal of an approved drug, and one-third of all drugs withdrawn from the market are withdrawn for liver injury. (medscape.com)
This resulted in more than 50 cases of severe hepatic injury, and the drug was withdrawn in 1998. (medscape.com)
Drug-induced hepatic injury is the most common reason cited for withdrawal of an approved drug. (medscape.com)

The overreported prevalence of penicillin allergy is secondary to imprecise use of the term "allergy" by families and clinicians and lack of clarity to differentiate between immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, drug intolerances, and other idiosyncratic reactions that can occur days after exposure. (cdc.gov)

If signs or symptoms of drug reaction occur, treatment with terbinafine tablets should be discontinued. (nih.gov)
In the United States, approximately 2000 cases of acute liver failure occur annually and drugs account for over 50% of them (39% are due to acetaminophen, 13% are idiosyncratic reactions due to other medications). (medscape.com)
In a recent prospective study, liver injury due to amoxicillin-clavulanate was found to occur in approximately one out of 2300 users. (qxmd.com)
However, severe or prolonged injury leading to liver failure can occasionally occur. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Severe adverse events occur largely when it is withdrawn in patients with chronic hepatitis B or with the development of antiviral resistance. (nih.gov)
Visual acuity problems would occur following occipital or optic nerve injury. (nclexreviewers.com)

Idiosyncratic cutaneous atrophy of the long-acting injectable form, has increased. (myjuicecup.com)

Their immune-boosting quality has one major drawback, their proclivity to induce a broad array of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting, among others, the liver and sharing some similarities with classic autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).We aimed to compare clinical, laboratory and histological features of patients with liver-related irAEs and AILD. (bmj.com)
Methods We systematically compared liver irAEs with AILD, namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis, regarding their clinical, laboratory, and histological features. (bmj.com)
However, few studies exist extensively characterizing these injuries and even fewer comparing them to classic autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). (bmj.com)

This type of injury does not have a clear dose-response nor temporal relationship, and most often does not have predictive models. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical trials cannot detect all adverse drug events due to the limited population in which the drugs are being tested and the incomplete definition of an adverse safety outcome that would be clinically predictive. (veracuity.com)
Pattern of liver function test alteration was predictive for the type of irAEs but did not correlate with histological severity. (bmj.com)

Type A drug reaction accounts for 80% of all toxicities. (wikipedia.org)
Idiosyncratic toxicities, on the other hand, are much less predictable and much more insidious. (veracuity.com)

This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC during 2012–2016 for severe adverse events associated with use of isoniazid-rifapentine for LTBI treatment. (cdc.gov)

Terbinafine tablets are contraindicated in individuals with a history of allergic reaction to oral terbinafine because of the risk of anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
Liver failure, sometimes leading to liver transplant or death, has occurred with the use of oral terbinafine. (nih.gov)
Discontinue terbinafine if liver injury develops. (nih.gov)
Cases of liver failure, some leading to liver transplant or death, have occurred with the use of terbinafine in individuals with and without preexisting liver disease. (nih.gov)
In the majority of liver cases reported in association with terbinafine use, the patients had serious underlying systemic conditions. (nih.gov)
Treatment with terbinafine should be discontinued if biochemical or clinical evidence of liver injury develops. (nih.gov)
Terbinafine is not recommended for patients with chronic or active liver disease. (nih.gov)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, bullous dermatitis and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome have been reported with oral terbinafine use. (nih.gov)
Oral antifungal agents like fluconazole, terbinafine, and ketoconazole are associated with rare but serious liver injury. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Adverse drug reactions are classified as type A (intrinsic or pharmacological) or type B (idiosyncratic). (wikipedia.org)
Based on ancient and modern literature, this paper systematically summarized and analyzed the safe application of Epimedii Folium from the perspectives of varieties, processing methods, clinical adverse reactions, pharmacological effects and toxic mechanism. (bvsalud.org)

The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents. (wikipedia.org)
As in the case of paracetamol overdose, this type of injury occurs shortly after some threshold for toxicity is reached. (wikipedia.org)
[ 1 ] while acetaminophen toxicity is the main cause of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. (medscape.com)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that the overall risk of liver toxicity from pemoline outweighs the benefits. (medscape.com)
Avoid alcohol - Potentiates liver toxicity. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Pharmacogenomics is a powerful tool that can reveal some of these vulnerabilities before toxicity occurs or, if performed after the fact, can explain the cause of an adverse drug event that has already happened. (veracuity.com)
13. Guengerich F. P. Common and uncommon cytochrome P450 reactions related to metabolism and chemical toxicity // Chem Res Toxicol. (lvrach.ru)

Despite having triggered an RM alert, the drug has been used clinically without reported findings of adverse effects that can be associated with RM formation. (awametox.com)
Lamivudine is a very rare cause of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury, but is associated with flares of underlying hepatitis B during therapy or with abrupt withdrawal. (nih.gov)
Lamivudine is a rare cause of liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury in patients with HIV infection without hepatitis B. Although several instances of lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and liver failure have been reported in patients receiving lamivudine, in all instances other nucleoside analogues more clearly associated with mitochondrial injury [didanosine, stavudine, zalcitrabine, zidovudine] were also being taken. (nih.gov)
Warfarin therapy is associated with rare instances of idiosyncratic, clinically apparent liver injury that are usually mild and rapidly reversible on stopping. (nih.gov)

Both dose-dependent and idiosyncratic reactions have been documented. (wikipedia.org)
Predictable liver injury - Occurs shortly after drug use and is usually dose-dependent. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Most cases are idiosyncratic reactions that are not dose-dependent. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Rilzabrutinib demonstrated dose-dependent improvement of clinical scores and joint pathology in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis and demonstrated reductions in autoantibody-mediated FcγR signaling in vitro and in vivo, with blockade of rat Arthus reaction, kidney protection in mouse Ab-induced nephritis, and reduction in platelet loss in mouse immune thrombocytopenia. (aai.org)

Aflatoxin exposure contributes to the development of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Diagnosis is made by blood tests, liver biopsy and history of exposure to suspect drugs. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
A study of live-born infants in Denmark found that exposure to the newer-generation AEDs lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, and levetiracetam in the first trimester was not associated with an increased risk in major birth defects. (medscape.com)
Adverse effects from exposure to mercury differ depending on the form and the route of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Administration of the drug and subsequent exposure to UVA can lead to cell injury. (drugs-library.com)

The degree of elevation of liver enzymes does not accurately reflect the severity of the liver injury or predict clinical outcome. (bsg.org.uk)

Drug-induced liver injury is responsible for 5% of all hospital admissions and 50% of all acute liver failures. (wikipedia.org)
Some adverse drug events are a predictable consequence of therapeutic, especially dosing failures. (veracuity.com)

Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen, and by the brand names of Tylenol and Panadol, is usually well-tolerated in prescribed dose, but overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced liver disease and acute liver failure worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
But, acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in many countries. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver into non-toxic byproducts except one called NAPQI. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Administration of Acetylcysteine, a precursor of glutathione, can limit the severity of the liver damage by capturing the toxic NAPQI. (wikipedia.org)

Onset of liver injury typically occurs 1-6 weeks after starting treatment. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
The reaction typically occurs after 1-6 weeks of starting allopurinol. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
If sufficient cell injury occurs in the skin, an inflammatory reaction occurs. (drugs-library.com)
A violent exothermic reaction, possibly an explosion, occurs when mercury comes in contact with chlorine dioxide, lithium, or rubidium. (cdc.gov)

In an overdose, a large amount of NAPQI is generated, which overwhelms the detoxification process and leads to liver cell damage. (wikipedia.org)

Chemicals often cause subclinical injury to the liver, which manifests only as abnormal liver enzyme tests. (wikipedia.org)
Statin drugs increase the risk of diabetes and cause abnormal liver enzyme elevations. (greenmedinfo.com)

Internationally, data on the incidence of adverse hepatic drug reactions in the general population remains unknown. (medscape.com)
Use of multiple drugs should be avoided if possible because incidence of adverse effects, poor adherence, and drug interactions increases significantly. (msdmanuals.com)
Adding a second drug helps about 10% of patients, but incidence of adverse effects more than doubles. (msdmanuals.com)
1. Lazarou J., Pomeranz B. H., Corey P. N. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients // JAMA. (lvrach.ru)

However, the intention is simple in its purpose: to label a structural alert with a high score when it, in the metabolic process, often has proven to result in extensive conversion(s) to its reactive intermediate(s) leading to repeated cases of adverse events in patients. (awametox.com)
Avoid in patients with history of liver disease or penicillin allergy. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
But it is linked to a high incidence of liver injury, especially in older patients on high doses. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Rare, idiosyncratic reactions may deter patients from getting an otherwise useful drug, especially when the population at risk cannot be accurately defined. (veracuity.com)
In these instances, pharmacogenomic testing is especially valuable as it can detect patients likely to develop adverse events when taking a specific drug based on their genetic information. (veracuity.com)
Patients developing features of acute liver failure (jaundice, encephalopathy, ascites, and coagulopathy) should be referred urgently to a liver transplant centre. (bsg.org.uk)
Of the adults, 12 deaths and 5 liver transplants occurred, and among the pediatric patients, 1 death and 6 liver transplants occurred. (medscape.com)
Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland // Gastroenterology. (lvrach.ru)
Rare cases of serious cardiovascular adverse events, including death, ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes have been observed in patients taking TKC tablets concomitantly with terfenadine, due to increased terfenadine concentrations induced by TKC tablets. (sdrugs.com)
Serious cardiovascular adverse events including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and torsades de pointes have occurred in patients taking TKC concomitantly with cisapride. (sdrugs.com)
Approximately 80% of patients with a true IgE-mediated allergic reaction to penicillin have lost the sensitivity after 10 years ( 658 ). (cdc.gov)
Thus, patients with recent reactions are more likely to be allergic than patients with remote reactions, and patients who had allergic reactions in the distant past might no longer be reactive. (cdc.gov)
This structural similarity has led to considerable confusion regarding cross-reactivity of these drugs and the risks for allergic reactions from cephalosporins among penicillin-allergic patients. (cdc.gov)
Results Twenty-seven patients with liver irAEs (ICI group) and 14 patients with AILD were identified. (bmj.com)
First case clinical study records described the development of severe or mild respiratory distress in patients with severe pancreatitis, sepsis, nonthoracic injuries, massive transfusion, and other conditions. (ceufast.com)
Myeloma cast nephropathy is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in patients affected by multiple myeloma. (giornaleitalianodinefrologia.it)
In order to facilitate the usual reporting pathway of severe adverse events to CDC, investigators from this postmarketing project notified both CDC’s National Surveillance for Severe Adverse Events system and state health departments of patients who died or were hospitalized. (cdc.gov)
5.8) Risks of use in patients with head injury, impaired consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, or brain tumors: Avoid use. (drugcentral.org)
Thus, the pain literature includes limited information about the common meanings of living with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) from the perspective of patients. (researchgate.net)
The purpose of this qualitative study was to elucidate the effects of DPNP on daily life and individual feelings regarding living with DPNP from the perspective of Turkish patients. (researchgate.net)

The pattern of liver enzyme elevations is typically cholestatic, but hepatocellular and mixed patterns have also been reported. (nih.gov)

Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. (wikipedia.org)
However, some widely used medications have the potential to cause liver damage. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
This article explores common medications that affect the liver and provides tips to mitigate the risks. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Another common strategy is regular monitoring of liver function tests to prevent drug-induced liver injury. (veracuity.com)

Allergic or pseudo allergic reactions include skin rashes, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema aspirin mechanism of action thrombocytopenic purpura and anaphylactoid. (esupport.ws)

Fatal liver necrosis due to allopurinol has been reported. (greenmedinfo.com)

More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury (see LiverTox, external link, below) and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. (wikipedia.org)
Damage to the liver is not due to the drug itself but to a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)) produced by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. (wikipedia.org)
The risk of liver injury is influenced by several factors including the dose ingested, concurrent alcohol or other drug intake, interval between ingestion and antidote, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Dr Andy Bennett, director of the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, said: "There is a clear need for a deeper understanding of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. (drugdiscoverytoday.com)
Drug discontinuation and therapy reconciliation remain the mainstay in patent's management to minimize occurrence of acute liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
The second section will address novel agents associated with liver injury in 2014 (referred to as "signals"), especially in terms of clinical, research and drug development implications. (wjgnet.com)
Liver failure and damage are rare but severe unintended consequences of statin drug use. (greenmedinfo.com)
Between 1998 and 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended withdrawal of 2 drugs from the market for causing severe liver injury: bromfenac and troglitazone. (medscape.com)
This demonstrates the importance of postmarketing surveillance to identify reactions that are not reported or are underreported in drug trials. (medscape.com)
The drug has shown clinical adverse effects that have a proven or highly probable association with bioactivation to RMs or, regarding preclinical compounds, experiments have shown extensive formation of RMs. (awametox.com)
The drug contains an alert included in SpotRM, and there have been some reports of adverse effects that have been discussed in terms of RM formation. (awametox.com)
It is implicated in 13-23% cases of drug-induced liver injury per registry data. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)
Since most studies do not store biological specimens, it is often impossible to investigate the cause of an adverse drug event once the trial has ended. (veracuity.com)
Not all adverse drug events can be prevented by monitoring, however. (veracuity.com)
In the last few years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has withdrawn 2 drugs from the market for causing severe liver injury: bromfenac and troglitazone. (medscape.com)
In particular, the guidance addresses how laboratory measurements that signal the potential for such drug-induced liver injury can be obtained and evaluated during drug development. (medscape.com)
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. (nih.gov)
The appropriate dose of any drug is the lowest dose that stops all seizures and has the fewest adverse effects, regardless of blood drug level. (msdmanuals.com)
Determine the drug dose using clinical criteria (the lowest dose that stops seizures and has the fewest adverse effects), regardless of blood levels. (msdmanuals.com)
2. Lee W. M. Drug-induced acute liver failure // Clin Liver Dis. (lvrach.ru)
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality within 6 months from onset // Gastroenterology. (lvrach.ru)
Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study // Hepatology. (lvrach.ru)
9. Wysowski D. K., Swartz L. Adverse drug event surveillance and drug withdrawals in the United States, 1969-2002: the importance of reporting suspected reactions // Arch Intern Med. (lvrach.ru)
Performance of preclinical models in predicting drug-induced liver injury in humans: a systematic review. (safermedicines.org)
1 While injuries are rare, some people experience idiosyncratic reactions to serum, some encounter "bad batches" of the injected drug, and a few endure negative medication interactions, including with other recently obtained vaccinations. (vlex.com)

The boxed warning emphasizes the risk for severe liver injury and acute liver failure, which may be fatal. (medscape.com)

Three distinct histological patterns of liver injury have been described to date: hepatitic, cholangitic and mixed cholangiohepatitic. (bmj.com)

Liver injury progresses from elevated liver enzymes to severe hepatic necrosis and life-threatening liver failure without urgent treatment. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Report any liver-related symptoms like jaundice to your doctor promptly. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

The herb kava has caused a number of cases of idiosyncratic liver injury, ranging everywhere from asymptomatic to fatal. (wikipedia.org)
In June 2009, the FDA issued a report that identified 32 cases (22 adult and 10 pediatric) of serious liver injury associated with propylthiouracil (PTU). (medscape.com)

Conclusions Liver irAEs have broad clinical, laboratory and histological presentations. (bmj.com)

More than 900 drugs, toxins, and herbs have been reported to cause liver injury, and drugs account for 20-40% of all instances of fulminant hepatic failure. (medscape.com)
From metabolizing nutrients to filtering toxins, keeping your liver healthy is crucial. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

This damaged liver cells through oxidative stress and necrosis. (mexicanonlinepharmacy-norx.com)

Drugs are an important cause of liver injury. (medscape.com)

This regards several aspects: which reactive species are actually formed, the ways of their formation, and in particular what linkage there is of a certain transformation to the observed adverse effects. (awametox.com)

FRAME (The Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Testing) is taking part in a ground-breaking European research collaboration to tackle a rare liver disorder that can lead to death. (drugdiscoverytoday.com)
6 Historically, personal injury claims arising from adverse health reactions from a vaccine, or injuries from the vaccination administration, were creatures of state law (absent some rare preemption issues under the Swine Flu Act of 1976 7 or the FDCA). (vlex.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms12

Diseases88

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment41

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science9

Health Care18

DILI24

Hepatotoxicity9

Acute liver injury3

Unpredictable2

Transplantation5

Hepatic injury3

Hypersensitivity reactions1

Occur6

Cutaneous1

Autoimmune3

Predictive3

Toxicities2

20161

Terbinafine9

Pharmacological2

Toxicity7

Clinically4

Dose-dependent4

Exposure5

Elevation of liver enzymes1

Failures2

Acetaminophen3

Severity of the liver1

Occurs4

Overdose1

Abnormal liver enzyme2

Incidence of adverse4

Patients20

Enzyme elevations1

Medications3

Monitoring of liver funct1

Aspirin1

Allopurinol1

Drug25

Severe liver injury1

Patterns1

Life-threatening l1

Jaundice1

Cases2

Histological1

Toxins2

Necrosis1

Cause of liver1

Observed adverse effects1

Rare2