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Cranial NervesCranial Nerve DiseasesCranial Nerve InjuriesCranial Nerve NeoplasmsPeripheral NervesAbducens Nerve DiseasesFacial NerveSciatic NerveOculomotor Nerve DiseasesGlossopharyngeal NerveOculomotor NerveHypoglossal Nerve InjuriesIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisTrigeminal NerveAbducens NerveNerve FibersOptic NerveVestibulocochlear NerveNerve Compression SyndromesMobius SyndromeAccessory NerveLaryngeal Nerve InjuriesPeripheral Nerve InjuriesFacial ParalysisNerve RegenerationOphthalmoplegiaVestibulocochlear Nerve DiseasesTrigeminal Nerve DiseasesTrigeminal NeuralgiaParalysisTrochlear NerveFacial Nerve InjuriesFacial Nerve DiseasesCerebellopontine AngleSkull Base NeoplasmsSural NerveMedian NerveHypoglossal NerveNerve BlockTrochlear Nerve InjuriesPeripheral Nervous System DiseasesTibial NerveGlomus Jugulare TumorNerve CrushNerve EndingsScoliosisCavernous SinusPetrous BoneMagnetic Resonance ImagingUlnar NerveArthritis, JuvenilePeripheral Nervous SystemSkull BaseDiplopiaPurpura, Thrombocytopenic, IdiopathicGlossopharyngeal Nerve DiseasesSpinal NervesFemoral NerveCranial Fossa, PosteriorNeurilemmomaCochlear NerveNeural ConductionNerve Growth FactorsGlossopharyngeal Nerve InjuriesNerve Growth FactorNeuroradiographyFacial MusclesBrain StemPhrenic NerveRadial NerveSpinal Nerve RootsNeuroma, AcousticAxonsTreatment OutcomeVagus Nerve InjuriesCarotid Body TumorRetrospective StudiesPeripheral Vascular DiseasesDuane Retraction SyndromeRecurrent Laryngeal NerveHyperostosisNerve TissueMeningeal CarcinomatosisHypoglossal Nerve DiseasesOphthalmic NerveOlfactory NerveTomography, X-Ray ComputedIdiopathic Interstitial PneumoniasTemporal BonePulmonary FibrosisMeningitis, AsepticMandibular NerveOculomotor MusclesNeurologic ExaminationPapilledemaRecurrent Laryngeal Nerve InjuriesHemifacial SpasmDiabetic NeuropathiesLeukocytes, MononuclearRacquet Sports
PalsyMultiple cranialIntracranial hypertensionDisordersInflammationGeniculate ganglionSpinal cordLower motorSensoryDysfunctionNeurological examinationNeuropathyOptic nerveBilateralFacial nervesRelieve pressureConduction studiesExtraocularFibersExits the skullSciatic nerveCochlear nerveTrigeminal NerveSwelling of the facial nervePressure on the nerveCommonlyHerpesBrainstemSurgeonsLesionsDisorderSymptomsMusclesPatientsBranchesNeckMyelinSyndromeUncommonInfectiousDamageDecompressionInflammatoryIschemiaCentralFunctionAnatomyCanal
Palsy61
  • Facial nerve (7th cranial nerve) palsy is often idiopathic (formerly called Bell palsy). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Idiopathic facial nerve palsy is sudden, unilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms of facial nerve palsy are hemifacial paresis of the upper and lower face. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment may include lubrication of the eye, intermittent use of an eye patch, and, for idiopathic facial nerve palsy, corticosteroids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Historically, Bell palsy was thought to be idiopathic facial nerve (peripheral 7th cranial nerve) palsy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, facial nerve palsy is now considered a clinical syndrome with its own differential diagnosis, and the term "Bell palsy" is not always considered synonymous with idiopathic facial nerve palsy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • About half the cases of facial nerve palsy are idiopathic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The mechanism for what was previously thought to be idiopathic facial nerve palsy is presumably swelling of the facial nerve due to an immune or viral disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lyme disease can cause facial nerve palsy that, unlike Bell palsy, may be bilateral. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Particularly in African-Americans, sarcoidosis is a common cause of facial nerve palsy and may be bilateral. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, peripheral lesions (facial nerve palsy) tend to affect the upper face more than central lesions (eg, stroke) do. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pain behind the ear often precedes facial paresis in idiopathic facial nerve palsy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Facial nerve palsy is more abundant in older adults than in children and is said to affect 15-40 out of 100,000 people per year. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common cause of this cranial nerve damage is Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy) which is a paralysis of the facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bell's Palsy is thought to occur by an infection of the herpes virus which may cause demyelination and has been found in patients with facial nerve palsy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recovery rate also depends on the cause of the facial nerve palsy (e.g. infections, perinatal injury, congenital dysplastic). (wikipedia.org)
  • Facial nerve palsy may be the indication of a severe condition and when diagnosed a full clinical history and examination are recommended. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although rare, facial nerve palsy has also been found in patients with HIV seroconversion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Few cases of bilateral facial nerve palsy have been reported and is said to only effect 1 in every 5 million per year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eyes Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III) Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV) Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens nerve (VI) Other Trigeminal neuralgia - Trigeminal nerve (V) Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven - Facial nerve (VII) Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI) Pavlou, E., Gkampeta, A., & Arampatzi, M. (2011). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bilateral lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy due to HIV seroconversion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Presentation of Bilateral Peripheral Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsy in an HIV Patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bell palsy, also termed idiopathic facial paralysis (IFP), is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis. (medscape.com)
  • Bell palsy, more appropriately termed idiopathic facial paralysis (IFP), is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis. (medscape.com)
  • Bell palsy is an acute, unilateral, peripheral, lower-motor-neuron facial nerve paralysis that gradually resolves over time in 80-90% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Bell palsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders affecting the cranial nerves, and it is the most common cause of facial paralysis worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Peripheral facial paralysis - Bell's palsy, strikes suddenly but the symptoms may develop gradually: many sufferers just wake up with one side of their face paralysed. (bellspalsytraining.com)
  • What is peripheral facial paralysis - Bell's palsy? (bellspalsytraining.com)
  • Peripheral facial paralysis is often referred to as Bell's palsy after Sir Charles Bell, the Scottish anatomist who first described the condition in the 19th century. (bellspalsytraining.com)
  • Bell's palsy, or idiopathic facial paralysis, is a form of facial paralysis resulting from dysfunction cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in the inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Bell's palsy is the most common acutemononeuropathy (disease involving only one nerve) and is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Bell's palsy is defined as an idiopathic unilateral facial nerve paralysis, usually self-limiting. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Bell's palsy involves damage to the seventh cranial (facial) nerve. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Bell's palsy is thought to be due to swelling (inflammation) of this nerve in the area where it travels through the bones of the skull. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Surgery to relieve pressure on the nerve (decompression surgery) is controversial and has not been shown to routinely benefit people with Bell's palsy. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Physiotherapy can be beneficial to some individuals with Bell's palsy as it helps to maintain muscle tone of the affected facial muscles and stimulate the facial nerve. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • The most common form of facial paralysis is idiopathic i.e. bells palsy. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • It is also known as idiopathic facial palsy. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • While we know that the symptoms of facial paralysis or weakness are a result of dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve, the exact cause of Bell's palsy is unknown. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • Because the specific cause of Bell's palsy is unknown-and the seventh cranial nerve can be damaged in many different ways-symptoms can vary from person to person and range from mild weakness to complete paralysis. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • Unilateral facial nerve palsy is a relatively common neurological disorder with a good prognosis. (e-acn.org)
  • A neurological examination identified bilateral complete peripheral facial palsy (House-Brackmann grade IV on both sides). (e-acn.org)
  • Bell palsy is caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscle on the affected side. (rnspeak.com)
  • The hypothesis that HSV is the etiologic agent in Bell palsy holds that after causing a primary infection on the lips, the virus travels up the axons of the sensory nerves and resides in the geniculate ganglion. (rnspeak.com)
  • Bell palsy may also be secondary to autoimmune reactions that cause the facial nerve to demyelinate, resulting in unilateral facial paralysis. (rnspeak.com)
  • Bell's palsy is thought to be caused by a compression of the seventh cranial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. (rnspeak.com)
  • We report idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with isolated complete unilateral facial nerve palsy, as the sole cranial nerve involved, which is a presentation rarely reported in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 40-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of obesity and hypertension presented to our emergency department complaining of bifrontal headache for 3 days associated with nausea, vomiting, transient visual disturbances, and a picture of right-sided cranial nerve VII palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two days later, she reported a dramatic improvement in both headache and facial nerve palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this case report, we aimed to draw attention to the possibility of idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with unilateral cranial nerve VII palsy as the only cranial nerve involved, which needs a high index of suspicion by clinicians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms of cranial nerve VII palsy in idiopathic intracranial hypertension are not well understood and prompt further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a limited number of cases, CN VII (facial nerve) palsy has been reported in association with IIH and other CN and/or CNs involvement [ 8 ] and, in even fewer cases, as isolated unilateral CN VII palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In light of this, we present one of the rare cases of IIH presenting with isolated complete unilateral CN VII (facial nerve) palsy as the sole CN involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bell's palsy, named after the surgeon Charles Bell who first described it, is when there's weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve , which is the facial nerve . (osmosis.org)
  • The underlying cause of cranial nerve damage is idiopathic which means it's unknown, so when there's facial nerve a paralysis from a known cause like a stroke , a tumor, or trauma, it's not considered a Bell's palsy. (osmosis.org)
  • The strict definition of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome is peripheral facial nerve palsy accompanied by an erythematous vesicular rash on the ear (zoster oticus) or in the mouth. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • Clinical investigation of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve-an early prognostic diagnosis of patients with peripheral facial palsy and the facial nerve magnetic stimulation site. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • To obtain an early prognostic diagnosis of patients with peripheral facial palsy, a magnetic stimulator (Dantec Mag 2) was used to directly stimulate the intracranial portion of the facial nerve in 15 normal subjects and 108 patients with peripheral facial palsy. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • In normal subjects and patients with facial palsy, compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of the orbicularis oris muscle elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation were compared with CMAPs elicited by electrical stimulation at a peripheral site of the stylomastoid foramen. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • In patients, ENoG values declined until the seventh day after palsy onset, and then plateaued. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • However, the amplitude ratio of magnetically evoked CMAPs between the affected side and normal side showed no tendency to deline until the seventh day after palsy onset. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
Multiple cranial2
  • A brainstem lesion could also cause impaired functioning of multiple cranial nerves, but this condition would likely also be accompanied by distal motor impairment. (wikipedia.org)
  • IIH can also be associated with single or multiple cranial nerve (CN) palsies, with 39-59% of the patients having some sort of CNs deficit. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracranial hypertension5
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure of unclear pathogenesis in the absence of other structural and obstructive lesions that is predominantly, although not exclusively, seen in obese women of childbearing age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension commonly present with a headache, transient visual obscurations, and intracranial noises with some cranial nerves occasionally involved, most commonly CN VI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension should be suspected in obese young women presenting with headache and transient visual complaints and some cranial nerve abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a diagnosis of exclusion and imaging studies should always be performed to rule out other structural and obstructive lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unclear pathogenesis, which implies the absence of intracranial mass lesions or clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow obstruction [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Disorders5
  • thus, they can be considered cranial nerve disorders, neuro-ophthalmologic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is one of the most common neurologic disorders of the cranial nerves (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • It is idiopathic disease that is associated with multi-system disorders. (webeyeclinic.com)
  • The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is conducting research to better understand the possible causes of nerve damage and ways to diagnose and treat nerve dysfunction. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • In patients with herpes zoster oticus, disorders of the eighth cranial nerve are frequently observed. (juniperpublishers.com)
Inflammation7
  • The virus causes inflammation and puts pressure on the nerve. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • The scientific basis of this treatment is that it helps in reducing the inflammation of the nerve and shortens the recovery period. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • Symptoms come from damage, inflammation, or other issues with the seventh cranial nerve-a nerve that sends messages to different parts of the face and head. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • Researchers think the source of this dysfunction may be due to inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
  • Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed inflammation signs in both facial nerves at the meatal segments ( Fig. 1 ). (e-acn.org)
  • Inflammation in this location causes nerve compression and restricted blood flow, resulting in ischemia. (rnspeak.com)
  • Evidence of inflammation within the auditory and vestibular nerves and the labyrinth has been noted on post-mortem examinations of patients with herpes zoster oticus [ 6 ]. (juniperpublishers.com)
Geniculate ganglion2
  • If the nerve lesion is proximal to the geniculate ganglion, salivation, taste, and lacrimation may be impaired, and hyperacusis may be present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • He explained these eighth nerve features by the close proximity of the geniculate ganglion to the vestibule cochlear nerve within the bony facial canal [ 2 ]. (juniperpublishers.com)
Spinal cord3
Lower motor1
  • An upper motor neuron extends down from the left motor cortex , goes across the midline in the brainstem to the right side, and then meets with a right lower motor neuron which hitches a ride on the right facial nerve . (osmosis.org)
Sensory6
  • The middle cluneal nerve (MCN) is a pure sensory nerve. (laura-equilibre.fr)
  • The bodies of the cochlear sensory cells resting on the basilar membrane are surrounded by nerve terminals, and their approximately 30,000 axons form the cochlear nerve. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The semilunar (gasserian or trigeminal) ganglion is the great sensory ganglion of CN V. It contains the sensory cell bodies of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary divisions). (medscape.com)
  • The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory. (medscape.com)
  • The mandibular nerve has sensory and motor functions. (medscape.com)
  • The motor root passes under the ganglion to join the sensory division of the mandibular nerve and exits the skull through foramen ovale. (medscape.com)
Dysfunction1
Neurological examination2
Neuropathy4
Optic nerve2
  • Involuntary contraction of the eyelid due to corneal stimulation by touch or foreign body or optic nerve stimulation by intensive light. (webeyeclinic.com)
  • The MRI of the pituitary showed swelling and near to the optic nerve, so the next step was pituitary surgery which was done in August 1986. (cushingsbios.com)
Bilateral3
  • 3 We report an FD case without paresthesia that was initially diagnosed as idiopathic bilateral facial paralysis and then subsequently definitively diagnosed using anti-GM1 antibodies. (e-acn.org)
  • On the 7th day after symptom onset, slow-progressing facial weakness was observed, bilateral facial weakness worsened, and it became difficult for the patient to wrinkle, blink, and puff out his cheeks. (e-acn.org)
  • Her neurologic examination including other cranial nerves was otherwise normal, but a fundus examination revealed bilateral grade II papilledema. (biomedcentral.com)
Facial nerves2
  • While in case of a lyme disease, the facial nerves are damaged and it is found to trigger the disease. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were reduced in both facial nerves, and distal latency was prolonged in the right facial nerve ( Table 1 ). (e-acn.org)
Relieve pressure1
  • While in the past surgery has been explored as a way to relieve pressure on the cranial nerve, it is no longer recommended due to the risks of nerve injury or hearing loss. (americanbrainfoundation.org)
Conduction studies3
  • Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) performed 7 days after symptom onset including for late responses revealed that the median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves were normal. (e-acn.org)
  • A detailed clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography can help to differentiate. (boneandspine.com)
  • Nerve conduction studies and electromyography shows show demyelinating features [ not seen in idiopathic brachial neuritis]. (boneandspine.com)
Extraocular1
  • Other cranial functions were normal, including extraocular muscle movements. (e-acn.org)
Fibers2
  • Electromyography may be of value in distinguishing a temporary conduction defect from a pathologic interruption in the continuity of nerve fibers. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • It is the motor nerve for the muscles of mastication and contains proprioceptive fibers. (medscape.com)
Exits the skull1
Sciatic nerve2
Cochlear nerve6
Trigeminal Nerve3
Swelling of the facial nerve1
Pressure on the nerve1
Commonly3
  • The few autopsied cases of this disease have shown only non descript changes in the facial nerve and not inflammatory changes as is commonly presumed. (krishnaherbals.com)
  • Trescot[] stated that cluneal neuralgia is more commonly the result of an entrapped nerve rather than a nerve injury resulting from iliac crest bone harvest. (laura-equilibre.fr)
  • It commonly occurs between the third and seventh decade affecting men more than women. (boneandspine.com)
Herpes2
  • Increasing evidence implicates herpes simplex type I and herpes zoster virus reactivation from cranial-nerve ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • also reported that the presence of VZV in the middle ear mucosa of patients with herpes zoster oticus suggested the arrival of VZV in the labyrinth through dehiscence of the facial nerve canal, creating a passage through the oval and/or round window [ 7 ]. (juniperpublishers.com)
Brainstem2
Surgeons1
  • Can also cut the nerves surgically if you send to one of the few peripheral nerve surgeons, they like to work on these nerves, very easy and safe location. (laura-equilibre.fr)
Lesions2
  • As a result, both central and peripheral lesions tend to paralyze the lower face. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sometimes, the lesions involve individual peripheral nerves such as the axillary nerve, the suprascapular nerve, and the anterior interosseous nerve. (boneandspine.com)
Disorder5
  • It is possible for a disorder of more than one cranial nerve to occur at the same time, if a trauma occurs at a location where many cranial nerves run together, such as the jugular fossa. (wikipedia.org)
  • The paralysis, which is a neurological disorder, affects the 7th cranial nerve, which is the nerve that sends signals to the facial muscles. (bellspalsytraining.com)
  • If swelling is believed to be responsible for the facial nerve disorder, steroids are often prescribed. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • Plexopathy refers to a disorder affecting nerves, blood or lymph vessels in the regions of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus, the two major plexus in the body. (boneandspine.com)
  • Idiopathic brachial neuritis is a disorder of unknown cause with asymmetric involvement of the brachial plexus. (boneandspine.com)
Symptoms3
  • ment site and the disappearance of symptoms after nerve block are diagnostically impor-tant. (laura-equilibre.fr)
  • It is the entrapment of the middle cluneal nerves which induces symptoms of pain in the lower back and legs. (laura-equilibre.fr)
  • The vestibular symptoms are sometimes severe, and a study showed that both the superior and inferior divisions of the vestibular nerve could be widely affected [ 4 ]. (juniperpublishers.com)
Muscles9
Patients2
  • Patients with less nerve damage have better chances of recovery. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • In 1957, Strong and Davila attempted deafferentation of the superior cluneal nerve (SCN) and/or middle cluneal nerve (MCN) in 30 LBP patients. (laura-equilibre.fr)
Branches2
Neck1
  • Brachial plexus is a complex interconnected network of nerves in the neck formed by contributions from C5 to T1 which divide reconnect and form peripheral nerves. (boneandspine.com)
Myelin1
  • Peripheral nerve damage of either the myelin or axon is mediated by an immune cascade involving cytokines, monocytes, and complement-fixing antibodies. (nursingcenter.com)
Syndrome3
Uncommon1
  • FD can be idiopathic, but it is an uncommon GBS variant. (e-acn.org)
Infectious1
  • Most of the evidence supports the conclusion that the immune damage is triggered by shared reactivity to peripheral nerve components and epitopes on the surface of infectious particles. (nursingcenter.com)
Damage2
  • Nerve swelling and compression in the narrow bone canal are thought to lead to nerve inhibition, damage or death. (medicalmarijuana.com)
  • The goal of the treatment is to eliminate the source of the nerve damage. (medicalmarijuana.com)
Decompression1
  • In certain circumstances, surgical removal of the bone around the nerve (decompression surgery) may be appropriate. (medicalmarijuana.com)
Inflammatory1
  • Inflammatory nodule that appears on the peripheral part of the iris. (webeyeclinic.com)
Ischemia1
  • The swollen nerve is maximally compressed as it passes through the labyrinthine portion of the facial canal, resulting in ischemia and paresis. (msdmanuals.com)
Central1
  • The central and the peripheral rings are darker in color than the middle ring. (webeyeclinic.com)
Function1
  • Based on the clinical-and-neurophysiological investigation, findings from rheoencephalography, electroencephalography, echoencephaloscopy, electrodiagnosis of the facial nerve, clinical variants of the facial nerve function return to normal were defined together with causes of development of muscular contractures. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
Anatomy1
  • A) Cross-sectional anatomy of the saphenous nerve at the level of the thigh. (laura-equilibre.fr)
Canal1