• Mild, non-damaging intermittent hypoxia is used intentionally during altitude training to develop an athletic performance adaptation at both the systemic and cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
  • We investigated whether inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2), a key cellular oxygen sensor whose inhibition stabilizes HIF, would protect from NAFLD by subjecting HIF-P4H-2-deficient ( Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt ) mice to a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) or high-fat, methionine-choline-deficient (HF-MCD) diet. (springer.com)
  • Such pathogens are under selection to improve vector competence for their transmission by employing various tissue or cellular responses of vectors. (elifesciences.org)
  • The adaptive cellular response to low oxygen tensions is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of heterodimeric transcription factors composed of HIF-α and HIF-β subunits. (york.ac.uk)
  • Semenza wished to identify the cellular components mediating this response. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Professor Cormac Taylor, UCD Professor of Cellular Physiology, leads a research group at the UCD Conway Institute investigating the mechanisms by which low oxygen levels (hypoxia) regulates transcriptional events in epithelial cells. (ucd.ie)
  • His research into the cellular response to hypoxia has revealed novel mechanisms whereby protective endogenous processes can be exploited for therapeutic gain in the context of prevalent chronic inflammatory disease. (ucd.ie)
  • For example, laser interferometry is used to determine the motion of cellular structures in the organ of hearing, the organ of Corti, and Doppler optical microangiography is used to make direct observations of blood flow responses to loud sound in capillaries within the cochlea. (ohsu.edu)
  • Oxygen-sensing mechanisms of eukaryotic multicellular organisms coordinate hypoxic cellular responses in a spatiotemporal manner. (lu.se)
  • Hypoxia, due to the lack of oxygen (O2) as the electron recipient, causes inefficient electron transfer through the electron transport chain at the mitochondria leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could create irreversible cellular damages. (stanford.edu)
  • CAIX is considered to be one of the best cellular biomarkers of hypoxia. (prnewswire.com)
  • Elucidating the cellular and molecular pathways that occur during this period may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms behind tendon healing and remodeling. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we use phrenic motor facilitation (pMF) as a general term, including pLTF after acute intermittent hypoxia and other forms induced, for example, by spinal administration of receptor agonists. (jneurosci.org)
  • These symptoms vary from person to person, ranging from mild to hypoxia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sometimes death. (iasp-pain.org)
  • On the other hand, the number of circulating hEPC is increased in hypoxia or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (intechopen.com)
  • Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the von Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is an essential response of the pulmonary vasculature to acute and sustained alveolar hypoxia. (ersjournals.com)
  • This report describes the role of neuroprotection in acute disorders such as stroke and injuries of the nervous system as well as in chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders because many of the underlying mechanisms of damage to neural tissues are similar in all these conditions and several products are used in more than one disorder. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • 27 samples consisting of MCF7 human breast cancer cells treated with 6 μM BIX-01294 in 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 0.1% DMSO carrier controls and untreated controls in acute (4 hours) hypoxia, chronic (24 hours) hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) control conditions in triplicate cultures. (nih.gov)
  • This suppresses the ant-tumor immune response. (stanford.edu)
  • Hypoxia in tumors is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness and resistance to radio- and chemotherapeutic treatment. (prnewswire.com)
  • Parks SK , Chiche J , Pouyssegur J . pH control mechanisms of tumor survival and growth. (prnewswire.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which blockade of G9A leads to a tumor suppressive effect remain poorly understood. (nih.gov)
  • Intermittent hypoxia-induced pLTF is associated with greater ERK phosphorylation (activation) in the region of the phrenic motor nucleus ( Wilkerson and Mitchell, 2009 ), and pLTF requires ERK (not Akt) activation in its underlying mechanism (M. S. Hoffman and G. S. Mitchell, unpublished observation). (jneurosci.org)
  • Under conditions of reduced O(2) availability, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) reciprocally regulates COX4 subunit expression by activating transcription of the genes encoding COX4-2 and LON, a mitochondrial protease that is required for COX4-1 degradation. (nih.gov)
  • The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is being awarded jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for identifying molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Pulmonary hypoxia is hypoxia from hypoxemia due to abnormal pulmonary function, and occurs when the lungs receive adequately oxygenated gas which does not oxygenate the blood sufficiently. (wikipedia.org)
  • OSA is characterized by the quintessential triad of intermittent apnea, hypoxia, and hypoxemia due to pharyngeal collapse. (hindawi.com)
  • Researchers have understood for numerous years that the hypoxia found in tumors leads to more aggressive and harder to treat disease and ultimately, poor patient outcome. (mdpi.com)
  • We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, and hypoxia-induced epigenetic changes may be key drivers of the adaptation of cancer cells to the hypoxic microenvironment typical of solid tumors. (nih.gov)
  • But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
  • In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
  • There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
  • Current approaches used in treating COVID-19 from a molecular mechanisms and immune response perspective. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host cells and stimulates the immune response is extremely important, especially as scientists look for new strategies to guide their development of specific COVID-19 therapies and vaccines. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In this study, we investigate whether exhaled EAC biomarkers could be explained by corresponding changes in the EAC microenvironment, and aim to identify the molecular mechanisms underpinning these changes. (nature.com)
  • Our research focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which cancer-relevant genes regulate the networks in which they are embedded. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Neuromuscular diseases or interstitial lung disease Malformed vascular system such as an anomalous coronary artery[citation needed] Hypoxemic hypoxia is a lack of oxygen caused by low oxygen tension in the arterial blood, due to the inability of the lungs to sufficiently oxygenate the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 were detected by Western blot. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate can inhibit hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway related proteins by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The mechanism of corticosteroid action includes a reduction of the inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilatation and permeability of the vascular structures. (medscape.com)
  • The NAPDH oxidase (Nox) family is emerging as a key disease-related factor in vascular diseases, but currently its role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary remodelling in COPD remains unclear. (ersjournals.com)
  • Here we investigate the role of p22phox, a regulatory subunit of Nox, in COPD lungs, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypoxia-driven pulmonary vascular remodelling is one of the underlying mechanisms, although many other mechanisms may contribute [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Loud sound induced hearing loss elicits a multitude of deleterious responses including hypoxia/ischemia, inflammation, increased metabolic stress and vascular permeability, all which increase reactive oxygen species and may result in cell death. (ohsu.edu)
  • The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
  • This, in turn, may contribute to hypoxia, vascular damage, and immune-mediated injury ("cytokine storm"), leading to the neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. (dovepress.com)
  • 4. The effects of TLR2 activation on the vascular endothelium, including on endothelial inflammatory responses, leucocyte trafficking, coagulation pathways and permeability: Endothelial cell (EC) activation, coagulopathy, and vascular leak contribute to sepsis-induced organ failure. (ucsf.edu)
  • We focus on the central enzymes regulating these two fundamental biological processes: 1) the prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) that control the hypoxia response pathway via determination of the oxygen-dependent fate of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF, and 2) the key enzymes of collagen synthesis, the collagen P4Hs, lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) and lysyl oxidase (LOX). (oulu.fi)
  • Nocturnal hypoxia in OSA is a major pathological factor associated with cardiorespiratory diseases [ 3 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. (stanford.edu)
  • Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a) is stabilized and the transcription factor HIF-1 transactivates the CA9 gene, resulting in expression of the CAIX protein in the hypoxic cells. (prnewswire.com)
  • Although cold, low humidity, increased solar radiation, and poor economic conditions limit the ability to survive at high altitude, hypoxia is the most important factor. (medscape.com)
  • These expelled particles act as antigens to stimulate a nonspecific immune response and to cause the proliferation of leukocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Other mechanisms that lead to dizziness during COVID-19 infection are direct inflammatory action of the virus on nervous tissue, indirect immune response, hypoxia, and hypercoagulopathy [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • This review highlights sex differences in immune health and focuses on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contributing to the female bias of autoimmune rheumatic disease. (rupress.org)
  • These cytokines enhance the immune response and induce pathways leading to pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory type of programmed cell death ( 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These processes result from a complex inflammatory response that is initiated through the innate immune system by interactions between host cells and microbes or endogenous host factors that are released during injury or cell death. (ucsf.edu)
  • They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)
  • ERS pathways are triggered by the unbalance of ER environment, including hypoxia, disturbance of Ca 2+ homeostasis and glucose starvation. (springer.com)
  • The beneficial effects of cobalt chloride are accompanied by the activation of protective mitochondrial stress response pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Nuttall's lab is studying the mechanisms by which loud sound-induced signal transduction pathways which contribute to hearing loss. (ohsu.edu)
  • 2 , 3 However, the question as to how effectively prolonged altitude exposure can improve athletic performance and its underpinning physiological mechanisms and signalling pathways remains contentious. (bmj.com)
  • Succinate acts as an oxygen sensor in the cell and can help turn on specific pathways that stimulate cells to grow in a low-oxygen environment (hypoxia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nutrient pollution in estuaries has contributed to the degradation of bottom habitats by causing algal blooms and resulting depletion of oxygen (hypoxia) from coastal waters. (noaa.gov)
  • Yet, similar to the beneficial effects of mild hypoxia, non-toxic levels of iron depletion, achieved with the iron chelator bipyridine or through frataxin silencing, extend C. elegans lifespan through hypoxia-like induction of mitophagy. (nih.gov)
  • When ischemic stroke occurs, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause the release of excessive excitatory amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which exert excitotoxic effects on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential in disorders resulting from cerebral ischemia, including stroke, and may protect neurons from injury through a variety of mechanisms. (erowid.org)
  • Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
  • We therefore investigated the impact of global brain hypoxia-ischemia on the thalamic circuit function in the somatosensory system of young rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Global brain hypoxia-ischemia during cardiac arrest has a long-term impact on processing and transfer of sensory information by thalamic circuitry. (cdc.gov)
  • As such, HIF degradation under hypoxic conditions is an essential homeostatic and tumour-suppressive mechanism. (york.ac.uk)
  • This was accompanied by the upregulation of the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1A and HIF2A during the use of G9A inhibition to curb cancer cell growth even under normoxic conditions. (nih.gov)
  • We find that limiting iron availability through the iron competing agent cobalt chloride has evolutionarily conserved dose-dependent beneficial effects: while high doses of cobalt chloride have toxic effects in mammalian cells, iPS-derived neurospheres, and in C. elegans , sub-lethal doses protect against hypoxia- or cobalt chloride-induced death in mammalian cells and extend lifespan and delay age-associated neuromuscular alterations in C. elegans . (nih.gov)
  • Thus, mammalian cells respond to hypoxia by altering COX subunit composition, as previously observed in yeast, but by a completely different molecular mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we identify LIMD1 as a HIF-1 target gene, which mediates a previously uncharacterised, negative regulatory feedback mechanism for hypoxic HIF-α degradation by modulating PHD2-LIMD1-VHL complex formation. (york.ac.uk)
  • Several research groups showed that HIF-1α, which is normally rapidly degraded, is protected from degradation in hypoxia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of intracellular degradation, recognized as an important defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens ( 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The aims of the present review are therefore threefold: first, to summarise the main mechanisms for interval training and repeated sprint training in normoxia. (bmj.com)
  • In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. (frontiersin.org)
  • A key physiological response to hypoxia is the rise in levels of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which leads to increased production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). (sciencedaily.com)
  • The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • The first-in-class small-molecule HIF-P4H inhibitor that activates the hypoxia response has been approved for treatment of renal anemia and several others are in clinical trials [ 10 , 11 ]. (springer.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that PWN loading activates hypoxia in tracheal system of the vector beetles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) infection of pine sawyer beetles the authors demonstrate that PWN loading activates hypoxia in the vector's tracheal system. (elifesciences.org)
  • Interestingly, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that a number of previously non-responsive genes become amenable to hypoxia following G9A inhibition, including many targets that drive cancer cell survival. (nih.gov)
  • During infection, macrophages have diverse roles including phagocytosis of foreign bodies, release of cytotoxic factors, and coordination of the inflammatory response via the secretion of chemokines and cytokines ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize different microbial components and endogenous host factors, and are critical in initiating inflammatory responses to infection. (ucsf.edu)
  • Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. (bmj.com)
  • However, cancer cells mount a survival response via activation of the HIF pathway that may necessitate the additional suppression of HIF signaling for improved efficacy in the eradication of the disease. (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply of oxygen from an adequately oxygenated blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypoxia exists when there is a reduced amount of oxygen in the tissues of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypoxemia refers to a reduction in arterial oxygenation below the normal range, regardless of whether gas exchange is impaired in the lung, arterial oxygen content (CaO2 - which represents the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues) is adequate, or tissue hypoxia exists. (wikipedia.org)
  • During evolution, mechanisms developed to ensure a sufficient supply of oxygen to tissues and cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sir Peter Ratcliffe also studied O 2 -dependent regulation of the EPO gene, and both research groups found that the oxygen sensing mechanism was present in virtually all tissues, not only in the kidney cells where EPO is normally produced. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We first asked whether a cell-autonomous mechanism could contribute to exhaled biomarkers, so we began by searching for thematic differences in metabolic gene expression between EAC and relevant control tissue in archived transcriptomic datasets. (nature.com)
  • We plan to pursue these studies further by identifying other endocannabinoids that regulate EC inflammation, and determining the mechanism by which NADA exerts its effects in ECs. (ucsf.edu)
  • R(+)-WIN 55212-2 also protected cultured cerebral cortical neurons from in vitro hypoxia and glucose deprivation, but in contrast to the receptor-mediated neuroprotection observed in vivo, this in vitro effect was not stereoselective and was insensitive to CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. (erowid.org)
  • Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual respirometers. (biologists.com)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the mechanisms underlying these biomarkers' production remain unknown. (nature.com)
  • However, whether pathogens can actively cause hypoxia in vectors and exploit hypoxia responses to promote their vector competence is still unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • This valuable work explores how pathogens can cause hypoxia in insect vectors and how responses to hypoxia can be exploited to promote vector competence. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast, some bacterial pathogens (including Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri ) have mechanisms to escape from the phagosome and proliferate in the cytosol ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Generalised, or hypoxic hypoxia may be caused by: Hypoventilation - insufficient ventilation of the lungs due to any cause (fatigue, excessive work of breathing, barbiturate poisoning, pneumothorax, sleep apnea etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • During local alveolar hypoxia, HPV matches perfusion to ventilation to maintain optimal arterial oxygenation. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the von Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is an intrinsic mechanism of the pulmonary vasculature in response to alveolar hypoxia, to match ventilation to perfusion and optimise pulmonary gas exchange ( figure 1 ). (ersjournals.com)
  • Mechanisms of cell-autonomous immunity are crucial for protection of the host cell cytosol ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The group explores the regulation of global gene expression in response to hypoxia and the modification of transcriptional regulators which underlies the induction of such events. (ucd.ie)
  • In yeast, COX subunit composition is regulated by COX5a and COX5b gene transcription in response to high and low O(2), respectively. (nih.gov)
  • By using gene-modified mice, specific DNA segments located next to the EPO gene were shown to mediate the response to hypoxia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the present review, NSCLC metabolism was discussed with a focus on the potential of metformin-based targeting of NSCLC metabolism and the associated mechanisms, and the available preclinical and clinical evidence was assessed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For multicellular life-forms that persist in settings with variable oxygen concentrations, the capacity to perceive and modulate responses in and between cells is pivotal. (lu.se)
  • Hypoxia also occurs in healthy individuals when breathing inappropriate mixtures of gases with a low oxygen content, e.g., while diving underwater, especially when using malfunctioning closed-circuit rebreather systems that control the amount of oxygen in the supplied air. (wikipedia.org)
  • One possibility is that they reduce the amount of oxygen being supplied to the trachea - a phenomenon known as hypoxia - which occurs naturally at specific stages in the life of an insect, and during infections. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast, during global alveolar hypoxia, HPV leads to pulmonary hypertension. (ersjournals.com)
  • [ 7 ] In most individuals with chronic PH, the progression is gradual, allowing the right heart time for remodeling and hypertrophy in response to the increased pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypoxia differs from hypoxemia and anoxemia, in that hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen present in a tissue or the whole body is insufficient, whereas hypoxemia and anoxemia refer specifically to states that have low or no oxygen in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Do Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Affect Renal Hemodynamics by Different Mechanisms in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? (cdc.gov)
  • ROS may originate from mitochondria and/or NADPH oxidases but the exact oxygen sensing mechanisms, as well as the question of whether increased or decreased ROS cause HPV, are under debate. (ersjournals.com)
  • Animals and higher plants represent the most complex life-forms that ever diversified on Earth, and their oxygen-sensing mechanisms demonstrate convergent evolution from a functional perspective. (lu.se)
  • Exploring oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms can. (lu.se)
  • Exploring oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms can inform us on biological innovations to harness ever-changing oxygen availability at the dawn of complex life and its utilization for their organismal development. (lu.se)
  • which are located on top of each kidney and produce hormones in response to stress. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The sympathetic nervous system controls the "fight-or-flight" response, a series of changes in the body due to hormones released in response to stress. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This study demonstrated seasonally specific long-term trends in Chesapeake Bay hypoxia that indicated a significant relationship between nutrient load reductions and decreases in late summer hypoxia volume. (noaa.gov)
  • Assessment of Tumour Hypoxia for Prediction of Response to Therapy and Cancer Prognosis. (prnewswire.com)
  • Therefore, reliable markers for hypoxia represent both valuable diagnostic markers and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (prnewswire.com)
  • The seminal discoveries by this year's Nobel Laureates revealed the mechanism for one of life's most essential adaptive processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Several physiological (adaptive) mechanisms and some psychologic parameters, such as motivation, are also known to increase apnea time. (daneurope.org)
  • The term hypoxia is used to describe biological situations where insufficient levels of oxygen exist. (mdpi.com)
  • While much research is, and has been, carried out to investigate the effects of hypoxia, this is usually done using experimental models which employ stable levels of hypoxia. (mdpi.com)
  • Since hypoxia may specifically disrupt the conversion of testosterone to estradiol through aromatase activity, resulting in higher testosterone levels and higher testosterone/estradiol ratio (Shang 2006;Landry et al. (researchgate.net)
  • Further experiments revealed that hypoxia in the trachea increased the levels of a protein called Muc91C in the apical extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition to the carotid body-controlled rapid adaptation to low oxygen levels ( hypoxia ), there are other fundamental physiological adaptations. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is used to detect hypoxia, defined as abnormally low levels of oxygen in Target audience the body. (who.int)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regional variation of VEGF staining cells in the FDP tendon at the epicondyle in response to repetitive loading. (cdc.gov)
  • After receiving this treatment, his leukocytes increased to 20,000 cells/mm 3 with ESR 97/h and CRP 22.5 mg/L. The β-lactam coverage was switched to cefuroxime and later to ceftriaxone because no response was observed. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we discuss the consequences of hypoxia, as well as the molecular and physiological processes that occur in subjects exposed to HBOT. (mdpi.com)
  • The effects of manipulating COX4 subunit expression on COX activity, ATP production, O(2) consumption, and reactive oxygen species generation indicate that the COX4 subunit switch is a homeostatic response that optimizes the efficiency of respiration at different O(2) concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) mandates that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) shall assess whether adequate information on health effects is available for the priority hazardous substances. (cdc.gov)
  • 2012). Some authors even suggest that the problem of endocrine disruption caused by hypoxia could potentially be more serious than that caused by known anthropogenic chemicals (Goldberg 1995;Diaz 2001). (researchgate.net)
  • We explore potential biologically controlled mechanisms that could potentially explain this species-specific response. (lu.se)
  • To investigate the mechanism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibiting hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)