• The results indicated that TFs significantly alleviate H/R injury, which include inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing antioxidant capacity. (hindawi.com)
  • The myocardial apoptosis and inflammation have been recognized as features of I/R injury. (hindawi.com)
  • In murine cardiomyocytes miR-21 was found to protect from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell apoptosis via regulation of its target gene PDCD4 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It has previously been demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt and cleaved caspase‑3 serve critical roles in the apoptosis of cardiac myocytes following ischemia/reperfusion injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Wang GW, Zhou Z, Klein JB and Kang YJ: Inhibition of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in metallothionein-overexpressing cardio-myocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Stephanou A, Brar B, Liao Z, et al: Distinct initiator caspases are required for the induction of apoptosis in cardiac myocytes during ischaemia versus reperfusion injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Scarabelli TM, Stephanou A, Pasini E, et al: Different signaling pathways induce apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes during ischemia/reperfusion injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SA inhibits the apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes following H/R injury via reduced activation of the p38MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The underlying mechanisms behind myocardial I/R injury are associated with a number of factors, including substantial free radical production, intracellular calcium overload, increased inflammation, myocardial necrosis and apoptosis ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus, inhibition of oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis is beneficial in the treatment of myocardial I/R injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results demonstrated that SA inhibited apoptosis signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) mediates cellular adaptation to hypoxia by regulating biological processes important for cell survival, which include glycolysis, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings suggest in an in vitro genetic model that 1) the generation of adequate energy levels for the maintenance of PRPTC viability under hypoxia does not require HIF-1 and 2) that HIF-1 regulates the timing of hypoxia-induced cell death and apoptosis onset through its effects on glucose consumption. (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte cell apoptosis is critical in developing myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data speculated that STA protects H/R injury and inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activation of the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • The experimental models were given standard cooling therapy (therapeutic hypothermia) alone and in combination with a selective Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, that blocks a regulatory enzyme of apoptosis (cell death), which intensifies as a result of hypoxia-ischemia. (news-medical.net)
  • Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious disease and threatens human health [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moens AL, Claeys MJ, Timmermans JP and Vrints CJ: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-injury, a clinical view on a complex patho-physiological process. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • has been demonstrated to attenuate renal ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, reperfusion following a period of prolonged ischemia can often cause myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, leading to damage of cardiac tissues ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Two independent pathways of regulated necrosis mediate ischemia-reperfusion injury. (nature.com)
  • Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
  • Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
  • Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
  • These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Uterine ischemia in the dams resulted in a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype in the newborn pups, which was characterized by an increase in forelimb tone that was significantly correlated with histological evidence of persistent injury to subcortical motor pathways involving the basal ganglia and anterior thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
  • This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of baicalin on vascular endothelium exposed to ischemia reperfusion injury and the involved molecular mechanisms. (medscimonit.com)
  • Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced heart damage, is caused by decreased blood flow [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been investigated as a therapy for many disorders and injuries involving ischemia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Neonates exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury can have poor neurological and behavioral outcomes including cerebral palsy (CP) and incidences of learning deficits and disabilities due to the diffuse nature of the insults. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
  • An UCCAO caused a slight cerebral ischemia (cerebral blood flow [CBF] 70%) without hypotension (MABP 85 mmHg), systemic inflammation, multiple organs injuries, or neurological injury. (medsci.org)
  • An HS caused a moderate cerebral ischemia (52% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 22 mmHg), systemic inflammation, and peripheral organs injuries. (medsci.org)
  • However, combined an UCCAO and an HS caused a severe cerebral ischemia (18% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 17 mmHg), systemic inflammation, peripheral organs damage, and neurological injury, which can be attenuated by whole body cooling. (medsci.org)
  • In this study we investigated the effects of moderate hypoxia on neuronal death following subsequent severe hypoxic-ischemic insult in various brain regions, using a newborn piglet model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. (confex.com)
  • In the severe insult group (H/I), the combination of hypoxia and ischemia resulted in predominant neuronal loss in cerebral cortex and pyramidal neurons of CA1 and dentate gyrus region of hippocampus with recovery periods of 3 or 7 days. (confex.com)
  • 2. Describe the effect of hypoxia-ischemia on the neonate brain. (confex.com)
  • 4. Assess the extent of protection of brain from damage caused by hypoxia-ischemia. (confex.com)
  • 5. Discuss risk factors for hypoxia-ischemia. (confex.com)
  • Research-clinicians at Children's National Health System led the first study to identify a promising treatment to reduce or prevent brain injury in newborns who have suffered hypoxia-ischemia, a serious complication in which restricted blood flow deprives the brain of oxygen. (news-medical.net)
  • Published in Neonatology on Oct. 13, 2017, the study evaluated newborn experimental models exposed to hypoxia-ischemia. (news-medical.net)
  • This study is the first to test the benefits of blocking this enzyme in reducing the neurological damage caused by brain hypoxia-ischemia. (news-medical.net)
  • In hypoxia-ischemia, CaM kinase is over-activated, but hypothermia has been shown to decrease this enzyme's activation. (news-medical.net)
  • Currently, the only treatment for hypoxia-ischemia is therapeutic hypothermia. (news-medical.net)
  • If confirmed by further studies, this approach--in combination with cooling -- may help to further attenuate neurological damage that babies suffer after experiencing hypoxia-ischemia,' says Dr. Kratimenos. (news-medical.net)
  • Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypoxia associated with OSA leads to hypoxia-reoxygenation with ischemia- reperfusion injury . (medscape.com)
  • In this project, we are testing the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia exacerbates WTC dust exposure induced oxidative stress, lung injury, and alterations in lung function in a mouse model of WTC dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Banxia-Houpu decoction inhibits iron overload and chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • V.E. Claydon and A.V. Krassioukov (2006) Orthostatic hypotension and autonomic pathways after spinal cord injury. (sfu.ca)
  • V.E. Claydon, A.T. Hol, J.J. Eng, A.V. Krassioukov (2006) Cardiovascular responses and post-exercise hypotension after arm cycling exercise in subjects with spinal cord injury. (sfu.ca)
  • V.E. Claydon, J.D. Steeves, A.V. Krassioukov (2006) Orthostatic hypotension following spinal cord injury: understanding clinical pathophysiology. (sfu.ca)
  • Hypotension and hypoxia may aggravate hepatic and renal injury. (medscape.com)
  • Even a brief episode of hypotension can more than double the mortality from head injuries. (ems1.com)
  • However, the effects of RCE on response to hypoxia in the endothelium remain unclear. (mdpi.com)
  • The prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediated by the EGLN-pVHL pathway represents a classic signalling mechanism that mediates cellular adaptation under hypoxia. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, increased metabolic demand in tubular cells, as observed in glomerular hyperfiltration for example, can cause relative hypoxia. (scienceopen.com)
  • The key factors influencing these conditions and their treatment are the avoidance of brain hypoxia and metabolic disturbances and this is driving the transfer of new neuromonitoring systems to the bedside where they are being shown to have a transformative effect on patient care. (europa.eu)
  • Also, hypothermia due to total immersion in near-freezing water may protect the brain from hypoxia by decreasing metabolic demands. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 5% of hepatocytes displaying steatosis in the absence of significant ethanol intake and metabolic disease or toxic injury. (medscape.com)
  • The primary mechanism of injury is cellular hypoxia from Complex IV (CIV) inhibition. (lu.se)
  • Arterial oxygen tension (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [PaO 2 ]) does not accurately reflect the degree of CO poisoning or cellular hypoxia. (medscape.com)
  • People with severe hypoxia may need a machine known as a ventilator to breathe for them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • 1 Severe hypoxia causes a high mutation rate, resulting in point mutations, which may be explained by reduced DNA mismatch repair activity resulting from decreased MLH1 and PMS2 concentrations, which are caused by hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • H9c2 cells were subjected to 3‑h hypoxia, followed by 1‑h reperfusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cannon RO III: Mechanisms, management and future directions for reperfusion injury after acute myocardial infarction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Fröhlich GM, Meier P, White SK, Yellon DM and Hausenloy DJ: Myocardial reperfusion injury: looking beyond primary PCI. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A significant amount of myocardial damage during a myocardial infarction (MI) occurs during the reperfusion stage, termed ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and accounts for up to 50% of total infarcted tissue post-MI. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • A resuscitation from an HS regards as a reperfusion insult which may induce neurological injury in patients with an UCCAO disease. (medsci.org)
  • The resuscitation after an HS causes a reperfusion or reoxygenation insult [ 2 - 4 ], gut injury, and multiple organ dysfunctions [ 5 , 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • When combined with an HS, an UCCAO is associated with ischemic neuronal injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere of adult rat brain, which can be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia. (medsci.org)
  • The CaM kinase IV activity in cerebral tissue was 2,002 (plus or minus 729) with normal oxygen levels and in normal temperatures, 4,104 (plus or minus 542) in hypoxia with hypothermia treatment, and 2,165 (plus or minus 415) in hypoxia with hypothermia treatment combined with PP2 administration. (news-medical.net)
  • The authors conclude that hypothermia alone attenuated the over-activation of CaM kinase IV and improved neuropathology after hypoxia. (news-medical.net)
  • However, the combination of hypothermia with Src kinase inhibition following hypoxia further attenuated the increased activation of CaM kinase IV, compared with hypothermia alone in the newborn experimental model brain. (news-medical.net)
  • Overview of Cold Injury Exposure to cold may cause decreased body temperature ( hypothermia) and focal soft-tissue injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cerebral hypoxia occurs when there is not enough oxygen getting to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to any damage to the brain that occurs after birth and is not related to a congenital or a degenerative disease. (braininjurycanada.ca)
  • Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrauterine hypoxia can cause cellular damage that occurs within the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). (wikipedia.org)
  • A brain injury is different from a traumatic brain injury as the later occurs when an outside force injures the brain in a traumatic fashion. (cognifit.com)
  • Release of damaged cells and tissue debris occurs upon injury. (medscape.com)
  • Primary brain injury occurs during the initial impact, when the physical structures of the brain are displaced. (ems1.com)
  • A birth injury is an injury that occurs during labor or delivery of an infant. (phillipslaw.com)
  • The combination of injuries often occurs in modern warfare and automobile and industrial accidents [ 13 - 15 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Among them, accumulating evidence emphasizes the role of chronic hypoxia in the tubulointerstitium in this role. (scienceopen.com)
  • This in turn exacerbates chronic hypoxia in this compartment, resulting in a vicious cycle. (scienceopen.com)
  • Both singly or together, glomerular injury and vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles due to an imbalance in vasoactive substances decrease post-glomerular peritubular capillary blood flow and contribute to chronic hypoxia in the tubulointerstitium. (scienceopen.com)
  • Therapeutic approaches targeting chronic hypoxia in the kidney should be effective against a broad range of renal diseases. (scienceopen.com)
  • The chronic hypoxia and hypocapnia that is an inescapable consequence of high altitude living has profound effects upon the cardiovascular system. (sfu.ca)
  • Dull, low-grade, chronic pain indicates the existence of a mild inflammatory reaction, a chronic overuse injury, or arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • She was admitted with dyspnea, hypoxia, and acute-on-chronic kidney injury in April 2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent studies have reported that mild hyperuricemia in normal rats induced by the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid (OA), results in hypertension, intrarenal vascular disease, and renal injury. (scienceopen.com)
  • Utero-placental hypoxia is associated with abnormal placental implantation, impaired vascular remodeling and vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. (mdpi.com)
  • The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 were detected by Western blot. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate can inhibit hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway related proteins by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Brain injuries can also include any injury that is vascular and where no external factor has directly created the traumatic brain injury. (cognifit.com)
  • Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumours because impaired vascular function results in an inadequate blood supply. (bmj.com)
  • leaves alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and to explore potential mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • In order to fully understand the mechanisms of I/R injury and to find novel therapeutic strategies, further research is stilled urgently needed [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced transcription, giving hope for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against this final common pathway. (scienceopen.com)
  • The present study aimed to clarify the cardioprotective effect of SA in myocardial I/R injury in vitro and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In view of the major contribution of intrapartum risk factors and prematurity to subsequent neurological morbidity and mortality, studies are needed that address the underlying mechanisms of brain injury that occur in utero to the immature and near-term fetal CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of STA on H/R injury of cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, exploring new therapeutic agents and investigating their potential mechanisms underlying myocardial H/R injury is important. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the effects and the detailed mechanisms of STA in myocardial H/R injury are unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate this hypothesis, the H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line was used to establish an in vitro myocardial H/R injury model to explore the roles and potential mechanisms of STA in myocardial H/R injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have further examined the mechanisms for a severe mitochondrial energetic deficit, deenergization, and impaired respiration in complex I that develop in kidney proximal tubules during hypoxia-reoxygenation, and their prevention and reversal by supplementation with α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) + aspartate. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Continuing research in my laboratory, and in conjunction with the International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) and members of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular dysfunction after spinal cord injury. (sfu.ca)
  • These therapies should target the cellular mechanisms that underly HI brain injury, including early phase propagators of injury such as neuro-inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, and they should be safe for use in both term and preterm infants. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, it is not known whether resuscitation after a [ 10 - 12 ] HS can cause cerebral injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and its potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
  • Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms and comprehensive effects of BHD on central system injury in OSA models have not been fully investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the role of STA on the H/R injury of cardiomyocytes through the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) has been shown to possess protective activities against hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo. (mdpi.com)
  • There are well-documented associations with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or hypoxia, polycystic ovary syndrome , and psoriasis, among others. (medscape.com)
  • Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. (nature.com)
  • Based on these findings, BHD holds potential as a therapeutic intervention for neural damage injuries , which offers a theoretical foundation for the treatment of patients with OSA in clinical. (bvsalud.org)
  • The severity of this injury depends on how long the fetus has gone without oxygen, and that determines if they're born with a serious mental or physical disability. (legalreader.com)
  • Treatment will vary, depending on the cause and severity of the hypoxia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These effects will vary case by case depending on the location and the severity of the injury. (braininjurycanada.ca)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is also known as an intracranial injury, can be categorized based on the severity, the method of the injury (internal or external) and other features such as the location of the acquired brain injury . (cognifit.com)
  • The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
  • The severity of the situation depends on the type of injury and how much damage the child's brain or affected body part suffers. (phillipslaw.com)
  • The symptoms of a lack of oxygen to the brain, or brain hypoxia, may be mild or severe and depend on the level and duration of oxygen deprivation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Symptoms of mild cerebral hypoxia include inattentiveness, poor judgment, memory loss, and a decrease in motor coordination. (brainfacts.org)
  • Consequences of brain injury resulting from oxygen deprivation affect the entire lifespan and range from mild (learning disabilities) to severe (inability to breathe, walk, talk or see). (news-medical.net)
  • Among the negative effects are carbon monoxide induced tissue hypoxia and placental insufficiency which causes a reduction in blood flow from the uterus to the placenta thereby reducing the availability of oxygenated blood to the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 5 ] They also inhibit the release of destructive enzymes that attack the injury debris and destroy normal tissue indiscriminately. (medscape.com)
  • In urodele amphibians such as axolotls and newts, the same injury is followed by scarless regenerative healing that can fully restore both the lost tissue and its function (reviewed in Tanaka, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tissue injury without freezing includes frostnip, immersion foot, and chilblains. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tissue injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Unfortunately, many birth injuries are preventable, though it's the medical staff's responsibility to address these complications. (legalreader.com)
  • Complications of cerebral hypoxia include a prolonged vegetative state. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Complications arising from intrauterine hypoxia are some of most common causes of preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traumatic brain injury, also referred to as 'head injury', results from an outside force and subsequent complications which can follow and further damage the brain. (rcslt.org)
  • Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin component of green tea, has been reported to have potential cardioprotective effects in primary cultures of cardiac myocytes exposed to I/R injury, mediated through inhibition of signal transducers and activators of transcription‑1 activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Despite the recent surge about miRNA discoveries for cardiac I/R injury, there is still very little known about the mechanism details because of the complexity of cellular events and the interference of other risk factors. (hindawi.com)
  • In the present study, the protective effects of EGCG with zinc were assessed on cultures of rat cardiac myoblasts exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Since EGCG + Zn2+ may, at least in part, protect cardiac myocytes against H/R‑induced apoptotic cell death, the PI3K/Akt pathway of EGCG may be enhanced by its interactions with zinc during H/R injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Post-placental hypoxia is associated with mechanical obstructions of the umbilical cords, reduced uterine artery flow, progressive fetal cardiac failure, and genetic anomalies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Title : Thalamocortical Dysfunction and Thalamic Injury after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Developing Rats Personal Author(s) : Shoykhet, Michael;Simons, Daniel J.;Alexander, Henry;Hosler, Christina;Kochanek, Patrick M.;Clark, Robert S. B. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury results in cerebral palsy (CP), mental retardation, or learning disabilities in surviving children ( Robertson and Finer, 1985 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a major cause of learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and death. (confex.com)
  • Brain injuries can result in a substantial handicap to the person who sustained the brain injury and can cause various forms of cognitive impairments and symptoms such as attention, memory or motor disorder . (cognifit.com)
  • Histopathological studies identified a distinct pattern of acute injury to subcortical motor pathways that involved the basal ganglia and thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Succinate, the end product of these anaerobic pathways that can bypass complex I, was not protective when provided only during hypoxia. (uthscsa.edu)
  • In addition to the well known motor and sensory consequences of spinal cord injury, descending cardiovascular pathways can also be affected. (sfu.ca)
  • Conversely, blocking miR-21 expression with miR-21 inhibitor effectively suppressed the protective effects of TFs against H/R-induced injury. (hindawi.com)
  • While some previous studies have suggested that carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke may have a protective effect against preeclampsia, a recent study conducted by the Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium in the United Kingdom found that smokers were five times more likely to develop pre-eclampsia.Nicotine alone has been shown to be a teratogen which affects the autonomic nervous system, leading to increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stachydrine (STA), an active constituent of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet, could have a protective effect on myocardial H/R injury, which remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fig. 1: Hypoxia induces cell death in a RIPK1-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • 2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
  • Cultured human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed to hypoxia/deoxygenation (H/R). Cells were also treated with baicalin at serially diluted concentrations. (medscimonit.com)
  • Reductions in uteroplacental flow initiate a cascade of molecular effects leading to hypoxia, thrombosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell dysfunction resulting in untoward pregnancy outcomes. (hindawi.com)
  • 3. Analyze the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in newborns. (confex.com)
  • To investigate the mechanism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibiting hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • They induced HI brain injury in postnatal 3-day Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which corresponds to 23-32 weeks of human gestation ( Mallard and Vexler, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • They found that the {4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazole [3,4-d] pyrimidine} (PP2), an SFK inhibitor when given within 0.5 h from HI, ameliorated pathological changes and myelin deficits and improved neuro-behaviors in the preterm rats with exposure to HI brain injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to demonstrate that EGCG + Zn2+ protects H9c2 cells against H/R injury through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, as determined by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Sometimes a person with cerebral hypoxia is cooled to slow down the activity of the brain cells and decrease their need for oxygen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To investigate the role of HIF-1 in hypoxia-induced renal epithelial cell death, we generated mice that allow inactivation of HIF-1alpha by tetracycline-inducible Cre-loxP-mediated recombination in primary renal proximal tubule cells (PRPTC), resulting in a suppression of HIF-1-mediated gene transcription during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)
  • In the absence of glucose, the onset and the degree of hypoxia-induced cell death in HIF-1-deficient PRPTC were comparable to wild-type cells. (nih.gov)
  • Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells underwent H/R (hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 12 h). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells were pretreated with STA (50 µM) 2 h before H/R. Cardiomyocyte injury was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Staining using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling showed that the number of apoptotic cells decreased in the plasmid-injected groups compared with the control group, and significant differences were observed between the hypoxia-responsive groups and the pSVVEGF group. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation is a deleterious molecular mechanism that drives acute kidney injury (AKI) and manifests in transplanted kidneys as delayed graft function. (researchgate.net)
  • The perinatal brain injury occurring as a result of birth asphyxia, manifesting within 48 hours of birth, is a form of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this Research Topic, we summarized original research and review articles that examine the more recent progress in pharmacological and cell therapies for perinatal HI brain injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, avoiding maternal SE during pregnancy is important to protect the brain from perinatal brain injuries. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a result, brain hypoxia can rapidly cause severe brain damage or death. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hypoxia is when the body or brain is partially deprived of oxygen, leading to permanent damage. (braininjurycanada.ca)
  • The NINDS supports and conducts studies aimed at understanding neurological conditions that can damage the brain, such as cerebral hypoxia. (brainfacts.org)
  • Secondary brain injuries involve the chemical, cellular and perfusion damage that evolve over the minutes-to-hours following the initial impact. (ems1.com)
  • Some of the most severe birth injuries are caused by oxygen deprivation during labor or delivery "" in only six minutes, a baby can suffer permanent brain damage because of a lack of oxygen. (phillipslaw.com)
  • The doctor must use this tool carefully to avoid causing nerve damage or other injuries. (phillipslaw.com)
  • Intrauterine hypoxia (IH) is a type of birth injury in which the fetus has been deprived of oxygen in the womb. (legalreader.com)
  • Intrauterine hypoxia can be attributed to maternal, placental, or fetal conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study provides meaningful data to understand the adaptive mechanism to hypoxia and recommended researchers to expand on the adaptive mechanism and brain tissues that are not recorded. (scielo.br)
  • A doctor will usually diagnose brain hypoxia based on a person's medical history, a physical examination, and other tests. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cerebral hypoxia can usually be diagnosed based on the person's medical history and a physical exam. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acquired brain injury affects every part of a person's life. (braininjurycanada.ca)
  • Anemia in kidney disease also plays a significant role in hypoxia of the kidney. (scienceopen.com)
  • Importantly, these factors can affect the kidney before the appearance of significant pathological changes in the vasculature and predispose it to tubulointerstitial injury. (scienceopen.com)
  • Due to the fact that any single episode of hypoxia can double the mortality chance of a head-injured patient, the EPIC program recommends keeping the SpO2 of head injured patients as close to 100 percent as possible through early application of O2, even if SpO2 is above 90 percent. (ems1.com)
  • Kingdom and Kaufmann classifies three categories for the origin of fetal hypoxia: 1) pre-placental (both mother and fetus are hypoxic), 2) utero-placental (mother is normal but placenta and fetus is hypoxic), 3) post-placental (only fetus is hypoxic). (wikipedia.org)
  • Focuses on the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and methods to improve chances of a meaningful recovery. (brainfacts.org)
  • When hypoxia lasts for longer periods of time, it can cause coma, seizures, and even brain death. (brainfacts.org)
  • In solid tumours, hypoxia is a common phenomenon. (bmj.com)
  • Our findings illustrate a key role of the EGLN-pVHL pathway in suppressing RIPK1 activation under normoxic conditions to promote cell survival and a model by which hypoxia promotes RIPK1 activation through modulating its proline hydroxylation to mediate cell death and inflammation in human diseases, independent of TNFR1. (nature.com)
  • Brain hypoxia can affect anyone who experiences a shortage or lack of oxygen to the brain, but some people are at higher risk than others. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • There are two types of acquired brain injury: non-traumatic and traumatic. (braininjurycanada.ca)
  • traumatic brain injury: the "silent epidemic of the third millennium" and 2. (europa.eu)
  • Nationwide organization devoted to improving the outcome of traumatic brain injury patients. (brainfacts.org)
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) results from a trauma to the head, e.g. from a road traffic incident, assault or a fall. (rcslt.org)
  • When we think about brain or head injury, we usually refer to traumatic brain injury . (cognifit.com)
  • Traumatic head injuries account for 2.5 million emergency department visits annually in the United States. (ems1.com)
  • The "Guidelines for Prehospital Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury" from the Brain Trauma Foundation highlight the importance of the care provided immediately after the primary head injury, emphasizing it can significantly improve or worsen a secondary brain injury. (ems1.com)
  • In 2011, the University of Arizona, in partnership with the Arizona Department of Health Services, developed an EMS-centered traumatic brain injury project known as EPIC: Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care. (ems1.com)
  • This project, headed by Dr. Daniel Spaite, focused on clear, field-ready guidelines intended to make a significant difference in the lives of victims of traumatic head injury. (ems1.com)
  • In fact, recommendations have existed to hyperventilate some victims of severe traumatic brain injury under some circumstances. (ems1.com)