Allopurinol6
- Allopurinol is a synthetic isomer of hypoxanthine that binds to and inhibits the action of xanthine oxidase. (merckvetmanual.com)
- We analyzed the changes of the cerebral uric acid level after administration of allopurinol, a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in rats with cold injury Allopurinol markedly suppressed the increase of uric acid 3 hours after injury. (go.jp)
- Allopurinol decreases production by inhibiting xanthine oxidase. (standardofcare.com)
- Allopurinol is an arthrifuge which inhibits xanthine oxidase and prevents formation of uric acid, from xanthine and hypoxanthine. (online-ph.com)
- Allopurinol is used in gout and hyperuricaemia to inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase, thus preventing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. (epharmacyke.com)
- At low concentrations allopurinol acts as a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and at higher concentrations as a non-competitive inhibitor. (epharmacyke.com)
Inhibitor of xanthine oxidase3
- In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of febuxostat, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), on renal damage in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
- Febuxostat is a potent, non-purine, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid. (thehouseofgoodies.com)
- However, most of its activity is due to the metabolite oxipurinol which is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. (epharmacyke.com)
Inhibits2
- Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes uric acid from hypoxanthine. (medscape.com)
- It inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. (medicatione.com)
Dehydrogenase5
- Molybdenum cofactor is associated with the enzymes sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] The enzyme sulfite oxidase depends on the molybdenum-containing pterin cofactor, as do the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (medscape.com)
- Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to produce uric acid. (medscape.com)
- Studies have shown that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates tumor growth, and also induces mutations or produces cytotoxic effects concurrently. (medsci.org)
- Increased intracellular fluid calcium enhances the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) to xanthine oxidase (XO). (howmed.net)
Uric acid levels2
- It is indicated in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor for hyperuricemia associated with gout in patients who have not achieved target serum uric acid levels with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor alone. (medscape.com)
- Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are anti-hyperuricemic drugs that decrease serum uric acid levels by inhibiting its synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Febuxostat2
- Febuxostat (Fx) is a recently developed xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, which has been definitively proved to be effective and safe for gout treatment [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Febuxostat is a nonpurine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor that does not require dose reduction in patients with renal impairment. (medscape.com)
Recombinant urate oxidase2
- Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase that converts existing uric acid into allantoin which is soluble, even at acidic pH, and easily excreted by the kidney. (standardofcare.com)
- It is a recombinant urate oxidase that is indicated for preventing complications of hyperuricemia during the tumor lysis syndrome. (medscape.com)
Decreases2
- It decreases the production of uric acid by inhibiting the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. (merckvetmanual.com)
- The inhibition of xanthine oxidase decreases the serum concentrations of uric acid. (thehouseofgoodies.com)
Enzyme that catalyzes1
- Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. (unisza.edu.my)
Purine3
- Uric acid is an antioxidant oxypurine produced from xanthine by the enzyme xanthine oxidase, and is an intermediate product of purine metabolism. (standardofcare.com)
- Uric acid (UA) is an end product of the purine metabolic pathway catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO), with increased levels of UA associated closely with various pathophysiologies [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The urinary purine load, normally almost entirely uric acid, is thereby divided between hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid, each with its independent solubility. (epharmacyke.com)
Metabolism2
- Sulfite oxidase deficiency is an inborn error of the metabolism of sulfated amino acids. (medscape.com)
- Sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency in the metabolism of sulfated amino acids. (medscape.com)
Ischemia1
- Oxygen rapidly faces with free electrons by means of hypoxanthinexanthine oxidase-xanthine system during the reperfusion/reoxygenation phase after ischemia/hypoxia. (cshd.org.tr)
Purines1
- Also oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes, but is distinct from EC 1.2.3.1 . (expasy.org)
Renal1
- Patients should maintain an adequate fluid intake to prevent renal xanthine deposition. (epharmacyke.com)
Oxidation2
- XO is an enzyme that generates ROS by catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. (hindawi.com)
- Epididymal (visceral) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), antioxidant system markers (ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities), and prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, myeloperoxidase content). (hindawi.com)
Superoxide2
- Incubation of freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from control subjects with the *O2- -generating system xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine mimicked the effect of diabetic patients on subcellular Ca2+ distribution in a superoxide dismutase-sensitive manner. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Oxidative stress was induced by the exposure of cells to the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system as a generator of superoxide radicals. (water-quality-journal.org)
Hyperuricemia1
- However, there is only limited evidence on the clinical implications of xanthine oxidase inhibitors on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with hyperuricemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Deficiency11
- Causes of kidney disease include deposition of the Immunoglobulin A antibodies in the glomerulus, administration of analgesics, xanthine oxidase deficiency, toxicity of chemotherapy agents, and a long-term exposure to lead or its salts. (wikipedia.org)
- Individuals affected with sulfite oxidase deficiency most commonly present in the neonatal period with intractable seizures, characteristic dysmorphic features, and profound intellectual disability. (medscape.com)
- Molybdenum cofactor deficiency, which affects the functioning of sulfite oxidase, leads to a similar phenotype. (medscape.com)
- Inherited defects in the sulfite oxidase enzyme can cause the phenotype of sulfite oxidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase is not known to cause neurologic disease and may not produce symptoms. (medscape.com)
- As sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency have virtually identical phenotypes, the CNS toxicity appears to be secondary to loss of function of sulfite oxidase. (medscape.com)
- The pathogenesis of the brain damage in those with sulfite oxidase deficiency is not known but may be related to sulfite accumulation or lack of sulfate in the CNS. (medscape.com)
- Worldwide, approximately 50 cases of sulfite oxidase deficiency have been reported. (medscape.com)
- In most cases, sulfite oxidase deficiency is fatal in infancy or early childhood. (medscape.com)
- Survivors of sulfite oxidase deficiency often have profound intellectual disability. (medscape.com)
- Traditionally, infants with sulfite oxidase deficiency were reported to present in the neonatal period. (medscape.com)
Mitochondrial1
- Sulfite oxidase is located in the mitochondrial intermembranous space and is involved in electron transport. (medscape.com)
Metabolic1
- When sulfite oxidase is deficient, alternate metabolic pathways for sulfite are augmented, including formation of metabolites s-sulfocysteine and thiosulfate. (medscape.com)
Content1
- Metabolomics investigation revealed that C1QBP dramatically diminished the hypoxanthine content in RCC cells. (medsci.org)
Prevent1
- This medicine is classified as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and it can prevent hypoxanthine from being converted to xanthine, while also preventing the production of uric acid from xanthine. (unitedpharmacies.com)
Production2
- Xanthine oxidase is also recognized as a pivotal enzyme in the production of oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
- L'évolution dans le temps des paramètres mesurés permet de conclure à une meilleure protection vis-à-vis des radicaux libres en présence d'eau de La Bourboule (par rapport à l'eau reconstituée) : d'une part la production de MDA est inférieure dans le cas de l'eau thermale, d'autre part les activités enzymatiques des cellules cultivées dans l'eau thermale sont plus élevées notamment dans les études de régénération et de prévention. (water-quality-journal.org)
Cells1
- C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
Patients1
- PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases were searched until April 24, 2021, for randomized clinical trials of CKD patients on uric acid-lowering treatment with xanthine-oxidase (XO) inhibitors. (revistanefrologia.com)
Form1
- During purification the enzyme is largely converted to the O2-dependent xanthine oxidase form (EC 1.17.3.2 ). (expasy.org)
Effects1
- Many experimental studies have suggested that xanthine oxidase inhibitors have anti-atherosclerotic effects by decreasing in vitro and in vivo oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Results1
- These results suggest that in injured brain tissue, uric acid is generated from xanthine or hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase. (go.jp)