• A mental disorder is an impairment of the mind disrupting normal thinking, feeling, mood, behavior, or social interactions, and accompanied by significant distress or dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Online support seeking and breast cancer patients: Changes in support seeking behavior following diagnosis and transition off cancer therapy. (utah.edu)
  • Relationships partner social behavior and CPAP adherence: The role of autonomy support. (utah.edu)
  • To that end, we propose a foundation for expressive behavior that is based on a novel theory of social preferences under risk. (repec.org)
  • Under our proposal, expressive considerations in behavior arise from the particular way in which risky social prospects are assessed by decision makers who want to interpret their choices as moral. (repec.org)
  • Shalley has also studied group behavior and found that having a lot of personal ties and a diverse social network makes individuals more creative when they are working with others, increasing the teams overall creativity. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • While BITs generally have a larger treatment goal, such goals generally consist of smaller intervention aims (the "why") such as promotion or reduction of specific behaviors, and behavior change strategies (the conceptual "how"), such as education, goal setting, and monitoring. (jmir.org)
  • There is compelling evidence for the role of social information processing (SIP) in aggressive behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • This developmental stage may be a particularly important one to examine these associations, as some research suggests that social cognition becomes increasingly related to actual behavior in late childhood and adolescence, relative to early childhood (Landsford et al. (cdc.gov)
  • pression but did not moderate the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety. (scirp.org)
  • Mental stress is a common cause of mental illnesses, so finding a coping solution to cope with mental stress would be beneficial. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some postulate that the chronic stress documented to occur in some communities near hazardous waste sites could possibly lead to an array of biopsychosocial effects, including physical health effects from chronic stress (possible health outcomes affected by stress include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin), increases in the prevalence of certain psychological disorders, and social disruption. (cdc.gov)
  • Baum and colleagues (18) found indicators of psychophysiological effects from stress, including elevated levels of psychological distress, perceived threat, subclinical anxiety disorders, and depression in many of the community members they surveyed at TMI as compared with controls. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence for direct and/or moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy beliefs would lead to the recommendation to promote stress management training that focuses on how to cope more effectively in the health care context. (frontiersin.org)
  • tective role of CC in the relationships between perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. (scirp.org)
  • perceived stress and anxiety, thus rejecting the stress-buffering hypothesis. (scirp.org)
  • a protective role in the adverse consequences of perceived stress among university students. (scirp.org)
  • Finally, the third study tested the hypothesis that mindfulness skills are associated with more benign perceptions of environmental stress, as well as a more adaptive estimation of the resources available to cope with stress, such as perceived social support and academic self-efficacy. (uwindsor.ca)
  • The low efficiency of strategies aimed at minimizing the risks of work-related stress can be explained by the lack of necessary skills to address the challenges resulting from work-related stress, and the significant pressure with regard to overtime shifts, work-related accidents, and poor quality management (Al-Raqadi et al. (business-essay.com)
  • 2013), it is possible to choose appropriate strategies to minimize the risks of work-related stress. (business-essay.com)
  • Environmental stress" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the manufacturing process, see Environmental stress screening . (wikipedia.org)
  • Stress is either physiological , biological or psychological , is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. (ijcer.net)
  • Social support and stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease. (utah.edu)
  • 2015. "Family Interference and Employee Dissatisfaction: Do Agreeable Employees Better Cope with Stress? (degruyter.com)
  • Overall, the findings of this research support that a) stressful working conditions and health issues of drivers have significant effects on traffic crashes, and b) fatigue is a mechanism relating stress-related factors and work-traffic crashes of long-haul drivers. (dovepress.com)
  • 1-3 During recent decades, several evidence-based interventions on key issues such as stress and fatigue have shown a relative success among workers belonging to various industries, supporting the idea that well-designed preventive and promotive actions, taken by organizations and institutions, may reduce health and safety risks of employees. (dovepress.com)
  • Her research incorporates sociohistorical and biopsychosocial perspectives to investigate how stress and coping strategies contribute to stress-related psychological and physical health outcomes. (unc.edu)
  • Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the direct and moderating role of OCSE in conjunction with job demands (i.e., time pressure), and two job resources: job control (i.e., decision latitude and skill discretion) and social support (i.e., supervisor support and coworker support) in predicting psychological distress and well-being. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings indicated that high demands, low job control, and low social support additively predicted the distress/well-being outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, psychological distress, and somatic complaints). (frontiersin.org)
  • To study the impact of occupational stressors on occupational and general psychological distress/well-being, the Job Demands Control- Support (JDCS) model is regarded as a useful conceptual framework ( Karasek and Theorell, 1990 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The current study aims at examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between social support and life satisfaction. (ijcer.net)
  • The findings demonstrated that social support had a positive predictive effect on life satisfaction and a negative predictive effect on psychological distress. (ijcer.net)
  • Moreover, the SEM analysis indicated that psychological distress played a partial mediating role in the association between social support and life satisfaction. (ijcer.net)
  • These results highlight the importance of addressing social support and psychological distress in interventions aimed at increasing life satisfaction among university students. (ijcer.net)
  • ABSTRACT The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) is a measure of people's beliefs about their capacity to cope with life's demands. (who.int)
  • BITs, which include a subset of mHealth and eHealth interventions, employ a broad range of technologies, such as mobile phones, the Web, and sensors, to support users in changing behaviors and cognitions related to health, mental health, and wellness. (jmir.org)
  • We hypothesized that perceived strain due to COVID-19-related restrictions mediates the effect of specific predisposing variables related to social needs on the symptom severity of a problematic use. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings reveal an increase in conservative political views differently shaping social isolation patterns for Black and White Americans. (researchgate.net)
  • Findings suggest that the structural dimension of social capital would function as a buffer against the malicious effects of chronic health conditions, impairments and disabilities. (springer.com)
  • Aspects of the wider community have also been implicated, including employment problems, socioeconomic inequality, lack of social cohesion, problems linked to migration, and features of particular societies and cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • educational level, perceived socioeconomic status and occupational status affect cessation attempt success where more affluent individuals seem to have the upper hand (9-11). (cancercentrum.se)
  • An overall distinction is also commonly made between a "medical model" (also known as a biomedical or disease model) and a "social model" (also known as an empowerment or recovery model) of mental disorder and disability, with the former focusing on hypothesized disease processes and symptoms, along with latter focusing on hypothesized social constructionism and social contexts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite increasing acknowledgement, social capital suffers from a lack of consensus on its operationalization and measurement as the definitions and concepts are malleable depending on different contexts [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • Consequently, many countries promulgated the lockdown of the vast majority of activities: millions of citizens broke off their normal daily routines within social contexts, having the permission to leave home only for few activities (e.g., buy food and medicine, and go to work - but limited to sectors deemed essential, such as law enforcement, healthcare, and food industry). (springer.com)
  • Our results highlight previously undiscussed mechanisms of network formation in wildfire hazard governance, and we discuss the broader applicability for forest landscape challenges and for polycentric governance design and assessment in other social-ecological contexts. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • One of the main objectives for the study is to measure the prevalence and incidence of gambling problems in Sweden, and to examine how these co-vary with gambling patterns with regard to social, health and economic contexts. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • The research data were obtained utilizing the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. (ijcer.net)
  • The collective resources in a high social capital community have been reported to result in better health outcomes. (springer.com)
  • While evidence supports the links between social capital and various health outcomes, it is not clear about underlying mechanisms connecting multiple dimensions of social capital to health. (springer.com)
  • Further research is needed to examine underlying mechanisms linking the multiple dimensions of social capital to health outcomes among individuals who are vulnerable to external stressors. (springer.com)
  • Since individuals' behaviours and their social relations are embedded in neighbourhoods and communities, the concept of social capital provides a valuable conceptual perspective to understand how social environment influences health outcomes and behaviours [ 2 , 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • In addition, and specific to shyness, rigid attributions are considered in that perceived social failures are resistant to change in the individual, and as such, negative social outcomes are expected. (netce.com)
  • 2) the buffer hypothesis: the resource job control has a moderating effect on the relationship between job demands and job strain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moderating roles of social support in the association between hope and life satisfaction among ethnic minority college students in China. (ijcer.net)
  • We conclude that specific needs and fear-associated predisposing variables contribute to experiencing physical distance and other pandemic-related restrictions as more stressful, which may increase problematic social-networks use and potentially other addictive behaviors as well in the context of the COVID-19-related lockdown. (frontiersin.org)
  • Accumulation of economic hardship and health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Social causation or selection? (mcmaster.ca)
  • The coronavirus pandemic that started in 2020 overwhelmed health systems worldwide and forced governments, businesses, and individuals to deploy a range of coping and adaptation strategies. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • Through an online survey targeting members of the Resilience Alliance and their collaborators, we examined 61 distinct strategies deployed in the initial months of the pandemic to assess empirically which resilience-building mechanisms were actually implemented to navigate the crisis. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • In this context, the WHO as well as several scientists have declared that the usage of digital communication and information technologies could be a good way to stay in touch with family members, friends, and colleagues, and that it may help to maintain a form of social exchange and connectedness with others ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Perception of low social connectedness and lack of routines" and "Health worry") and two dimensions related to adaptive processes (i.e. (springer.com)
  • Results of this triad of studies suggest that mindfulness is associated with a lower likelihood of maintaining a prolonged fight or flight response after the stressor has been removed, and that specific mindful skills may work synergistically to promote effective coping and resilience. (uwindsor.ca)
  • Moments of crisis offer an opportunity to learn about the resilience of social-ecological systems. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • This is particularly important for resilience thinking, which as a field has developed sophisticated heuristics and principles on how to manage social-ecological systems (see Gunderson and Holling 2002, Walker and Salt 2006, Biggs et al. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • AIM: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of a music group intervention and a leisure activities group intervention on well-being, self-esteem, social acceptance, challenging behaviour and three components of executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and visual working memory) of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the current paper, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the post-intervention and follow-up measurements with baseline measurements between a music group intervention and a leisure activities group intervention on well-being, self-esteem, social acceptance, CB and EF in adults with ID. (bvsalud.org)
  • The BIT model provides a step towards formalizing the translation of developer aims into intervention components, larger treatments, and methods of delivery in a manner that supports research and communication between investigators on how to design, develop, and deploy BITs. (jmir.org)
  • Researchers developed the intervention based on the rational that the potential of winning a large price would attract a lot of participants, which would create social support systems. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Partner's perceived social support influences their spouse's inflammation: An actor-partner analysis. (utah.edu)
  • To assess the perceived strain due to COVID-19-related restrictions, we developed a specific questionnaire asking for perceived COVID-19-related strain in several domains of everyday-life. (frontiersin.org)
  • An exploratory factor analysis identified five factors: perceived strain related to restrictions of (1) social contacts, (2) travel, (3) childcare, (4) work, and (5) own health. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although the causes of most mental disorders are not fully understood, researchers have identified a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study seeks to further understand the factors that support or undermine engagement in physical activity among African American women. (sc.edu)
  • Both environmental and genetic factors have been shown to determine personality traits, including introversion/extroversion (Triandis & Suh 2002). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • By bringing better insights into the relationship between risk factors and their impact on perceived and biological health, this study also aims at identifying possible interventions and protective measures to ensure aged workers' well-being, consistent with all the eminent calls for actions promoted by key International and European labour organizations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies endeavoring to separate genetic from environmental factors, such as those in which adopted-away offspring of alcoholics were compared to adopted children with nonalcoholic biological parents, have claimed a three to four times greater alcoholism rate for those whose biologic parents were alcoholic (Goodwin et al. (healthyplace.com)
  • Controlling for such large ethnicity effects would surely reduce the 2 to 1 ratio (for subjects with alcoholic relatives compared to those without) in alcoholism substantially even as other potential environmental factors that lead to alcoholism (besides ethnicity) would still remain to be controlled for. (healthyplace.com)
  • The impact of social environmental factors on health and well-being has been widely studied over decades [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • Although demanding tasks and stressful working conditions have been problematized by occupational researchers in many workforces, comprehensive insights on the mechanisms linking these factors with the wellbeing, health and safety of workers is still a pending challenge for the formulation of occupational policies and strategies aimed at the prevention of job-related risks. (dovepress.com)
  • Shalleys research focuses on how a variety of social and contextual factors affect individuals and teams creativity. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Nurses identified the sociocultural aspects of women with sexually transmitted infections and recognized the presence of influencing factors: technological, religious, economic, political, and legal, kinship and social, cultural values, and lifeways. (bvs.br)
  • Additionally, it was found that perceived community cohesion was predictive of mental health ( β = .295, SE = .103, p = .004). (springer.com)
  • With the help of brain imaging, Fiske has found that our social perceptions and prejudices have neural components. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Ethnic differences in social networks and support: Measurement considerations, and implications for disparities research. (utah.edu)
  • These components such as need to belong and the fear of missing out also play a major role in the development and maintenance of a problematic use of social networks. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main purpose of the present study was to extend the Job Demand Control Support (JDCS) model analyzing the direct and interactive role of occupational coping self-efficacy (OCSE) beliefs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Water resource plays a central and critical role in supporting land use activities for crop production in Muoni sub-catchment. (dutable.com)
  • This study addresses the role of collective-choice rules in a social dilemma situation in which group members can repeatedly choose a combination of institutions to achieve self-governance. (repec.org)
  • They are organized into sections on genetic theories (inherited mechanisms that cause or predispose people to be addicted), metabolic theories (biological, cellular adaptation to chronic exposure to drugs), conditioning theories (built on the idea of the cumulative reinforcement from drugs or other activities), and adaptation theories (those exploring the social and psychological functions performed by drug effects). (healthyplace.com)
  • The current study investigates the interplay of perceived strain due to COVID-19-related restrictions and the fear of missing out (FoMO) as well as of symptoms of problematic social-networks use. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a sample of 719 German participants and data collection during the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 30th until April 3rd 2020), a structural equation model was calculated showing that higher levels of need to belong and FoMO increase perceived COVID-19-related strain, which is related to symptoms of a problematic social-networks use. (frontiersin.org)
  • OCSE refers to an individual's beliefs about their ability to cope with occupational stressors. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main purpose of the present cross sectional study was to test how and to what extent an integrative theoretical framework - based on the interaction between occupational stressors, job resources, and coping self-efficacy - would explain various dimensions of occupational and general psychological well-being, in a sample of Italian nurses. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, if coping self-efficacy fails to moderate the impact of occupational stressors and does not have direct effects on well-being either, the focus should be on organizational interventions, aimed at improving the work environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • University students are susceptible to psychological issues due to various academic and social stressors in their lives. (ijcer.net)
  • support has been shown to be positively associated with psychological wellbeing [8 ]-[ 10]. (scirp.org)
  • Neuroticism and conscientiousness positively predicted personal issues and service programmes, and agreeableness positively predicted all dimensions of perceived SE performance. (edu.pl)
  • This form of self-isolation and contact restrictions seems to be a massive burden, especially for individuals with a strong need for social exchange and belonging. (frontiersin.org)
  • In sociology literature on social isolation, one study asked an important question: how do individuals living in our modern society, where opportunities for making connections with others are ubiquitous, become socially isolated [1] ? (researchgate.net)
  • The latter process is the new face of social isolation. (researchgate.net)
  • Using data from the General Social Survey, we investigate whether political views increase the risk of social isolation for Black and White Americans. (researchgate.net)
  • Introduction: Perceived social isolation (PSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. (researchgate.net)
  • Social media platforms, commonly used by young adults, may offer an opportunity to ameliorate social isolation. (researchgate.net)
  • 2023. How social and ecological characteristics shape transaction costs in polycentric wildfire governance: insights from the Sequoia-Kings Canyon Ecosystem, California, USA. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • Workers and Institutions should collaborate in creating health promotion interventions that support older employees. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Materials that are included in this course may include interventions and modalities that are beyond the authorized practice of licensed master social work and licensed clinical social work in New York. (netce.com)
  • Pam defines privacy as how we manage social interactions. (mozilla.org)
  • [2] Humour can be used as a method to easily engage in social interaction by taking away that awkward, uncomfortable, or uneasy feeling of social interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bandura, 1973), a model of SIP was proposed by Crick and Dodge (1994) to describes a complex series of processing activities (e.g., perception of social interactions, response generation) that influence one's likelihood of responding aggressively in ambiguous social situations. (cdc.gov)
  • However, little is known about the active ingredients of mindfulness that promote emotional self-regulation and coping. (uwindsor.ca)
  • The hypothesis that high self-ratings of mindfulness correspond to more adaptive sympathetic and parasympathetic self-regulation relative to these tasks was tested. (uwindsor.ca)
  • The second study examined the associations among self-rated emotional regulation strategies, ruminative tendencies, and mindfulness skills to test the hypothesis that mindfulness is negatively related to rumination and emotional dysregulation. (uwindsor.ca)
  • Interpersonal style contributes to the association of dispositional mindfulness with social functioning. (utah.edu)
  • So, the perceived causes of mental illness have changed over time and will most likely continue to alter while more research develops throughout the years. (wikipedia.org)
  • An assessment of self-rated life satisfaction and its correlates with physical, mental and social health status among older adults in India. (ijcer.net)
  • Using the two-wave data from a nationally representative cohort study of Australian adults ( N = 16,637), this study examined the effects of two dimensions of social capital (i.e., structural and cognitive social capital) on physical and mental health in the Australian adult population. (springer.com)
  • Based on prior literature and theoretical reasoning, it was anticipated that the structural and cognitive social capital would influence self-assessed health status (physical and mental health). (springer.com)
  • Analyses showed that the effects of chronic health conditions on mental health status were moderated by the structural social capital ( β = .652, SE = .249, p = .009). (springer.com)
  • She earned MA and PhD degrees in social and health psychology from Stony Brook University and a MSN from the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner/clinical nurse specialist program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (unc.edu)
  • This course is designed for licensed mental health professionals, including social workers, counselors, and therapists, who may assist persons with their shyness. (netce.com)
  • Additionally, these two dimensions of social capital were hypothesized to moderate the relationships between chronic health conditions and these two aspects of health status. (springer.com)
  • They may avoid social situations entirely, not because they are shy or misanthropic, but because they choose to. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • On the basis of the lack of measurement tools and the research gap regarding social entrepreneurship, three studies were conducted to develop a new measure of social enterprise (SE) performance that is empirically valid and easy to administer. (edu.pl)
  • The second part contains the design of the quality of primary and secondary level healthcare services, measurement, strategies and impacts. (intechopen.com)
  • Regulations such as "physical distancing," mentioned as "social distancing," and the closure of public facilities during the lockdown could be perceived as burdensome especially by individuals who feel a strong need for social exchange and belonging. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, socially isolated individuals are unable to participate fully in economic, social, and cultural life and benefit from social connection within a given society [2]. (researchgate.net)
  • Parigi and Henson's timely and painstaking analyses of this topic reveals that social isolations entail two aspects: individuals without connections or individuals with connections that carry little meaning [1] . (researchgate.net)
  • Putnam conceived of social capital as a collective attribute of communities and societies, and it is commonly characterised by social cohesion, trust, norms of reciprocity and density of membership [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • A large and growing body of literature finds that a lack of social connection can have profound social and economic consequences across varied populations [1] . (researchgate.net)
  • Our primary hypothesis is that COMPASS-NP will reduce pain interference with work and life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How the context and characteristics of social-ecological systems shape polycentric governance remains largely unexplored. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • There is substantial evidence supporting the positive effects physical activity has on one's health (Lee et al. (sc.edu)
  • The ev- idence suggests that social distancing can be the main cause for the onset of delays in child development, in its motor, language, cognitive, and socioemotional areas. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many contemporary social and ecological challenges in forested ecosystems (climate change, invasive species, wildland-urban interface development, and wildfires) span multiple jurisdictions and are characterized by complex patterns of social and ecological interdependencies. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • When women entrepreneurs experience family-to-work conflict, it may discourage them from adopting an entrepreneurial orientation, an effect mediated by work-related emotional exhaustion and moderated by both family-to-work enrichment and family support at home. (degruyter.com)
  • WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Involvement in leisure activities of people with ID is associated with better well-being, an improvement in social skills and a reduction in emotional and behavioural problems. (bvsalud.org)
  • To investigate the perspectives of women and their wider family and social network on infant feeding from pregnancy until 6 months after birth. (bmj.com)
  • In this translational study, we will adapt an established work-based injury prevention and health promotion program (COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support: COMPASS) to address the needs of HCWs experiencing chronic pain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, community participation (structural social capital) is indispensable to develop an effective community-based program to improve health and well-being of those with chronic health conditions or disabilities, as increasing active participation may generate beneficial effects in this vulnerable population. (springer.com)
  • In addition to the lack of governmental support, Lin (2009) indicated that minimal support from academia has also hampered the progress of SE development in Taiwan. (edu.pl)
  • and other research indicating genetic causality in alcoholism (see especially Vaillant and Milofsky 1982), but his own research did not support this conclusion (cf. (healthyplace.com)
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2298. (ijcer.net)
  • On the basis of research in the Sequoia-Kings Canyon Protected Area-Centered Ecosystem, we address this gap by utilizing exponential random graph modeling to analyze the social and ecological drivers of polycentric wildfire governance. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • The social psychologist renowned for his research on human judgment and on conflict resolution discusses the impact of his work. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Qualitative research, carried out in October 2017, with ten nurses working in teams of the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy). (bvs.br)
  • They do often correctly focus on the way in which the addict's experience of a drug's effects fits into the person's psychological and environmental ecology. (healthyplace.com)
  • Social psychologist David G. Myers found a correlation between extroversion and happiness: that is, more extroverted people reported higher levels of personal happiness (Myers 1992). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The purpose of this measure was to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs' personality traits and their perceived SE performance. (edu.pl)
  • Social entrepreneurship has captured the attention of non-profit organisations, philanthropists, and academics in recent years. (edu.pl)
  • Before 2007, most people in Taiwan perceived a social contribution as a traditional public service such as fundraising for philanthropic organisations, assisting with natural disaster relief, or teaching children in remote areas (Lin, 2009). (edu.pl)
  • At that time, non-profit organisations adopted business strategies to solve social problems even though they did not identify themselves as SEs. (edu.pl)
  • As a result, the vast majority of the population had to deal with the breakdown of face-to-face social relationships, the impossibility of carrying out recreational or religious activities in public places, and the urgent need to adapt the methods of study and work through the internet medium (e.g., smart working), with the risk of job loss for all those workers whose work was not possible remotely. (springer.com)