• A higher ratio of cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while a higher ratio of auxin induces root formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • While cytokinin action in vascular plants is described as pleiotropic, this class of plant hormones specifically induces the transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the "direct inhibition hypothesis", these effects result from the ratio of cytokinin to auxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • When cultured with auxin but no cytokinin, they grow large but do not divide. (wikipedia.org)
  • When cytokinin and auxin are both added together, the cells expand and differentiate. (wikipedia.org)
  • When cytokinin and auxin are present in equal levels, the parenchyma cells form an undifferentiated callus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
  • A wild-type transgenic line with cytokinin deficiency due to heterologous cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase overexpression (AtCKX2) also exhibited enhanced PpIPT1 expression levels, indicating that cytokinin deficiency might upregulate tRNA-mediated cytokinin biosynthesis. (cas.cz)
  • Our RT-PCR-based studies on the expression of the tRNA-IPT gene, PpIPT1, revealed enhanced transcription levels in the cytokinin-overproducing oveST25 mutant at the inducing temperature of 25 C, but not at noninducing conditions (15 C). (cas.cz)
  • Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
  • To investigate the relevance of tRNA for cytokinin production in Physcomitrella, we determined cytokinins in tissue and culture medium as well as in tRNA hydrolysates. (cas.cz)
  • Production of cytokinins by Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 has been identified as a key determinant to efficiently control the infection of A. thaliana with P. syringae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the higher levels of polyamines (PAs) might be involved in the response of Norway spruce somatic embryos to UV-B irradiation. (cas.cz)
  • The finding that the major free cytokinins are, albeit with altered proportions, also major forms in tRNA is compatible with the hypothesis of a strong tRNA-mediated biogenesis of cytokinins in this plant. (cas.cz)
  • Cytokinins are involved in many plant processes, including cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins have been shown to slow aging of plant organs by preventing protein breakdown, activating protein synthesis, and assembling nutrients from nearby tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins have recently been found to play a role in plant pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also in context of biological control of plant diseases cytokinins seem to have potential functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a common garden experiment, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to a single HIPV would decrease herbivore damage at the cost of reduced plant growth and reproduction. (arizona.edu)
  • To study cytokinin biosynthesis, we characterized a temperature-sensitive cytokinin-overproducing mutant, oveST25, of the moss Physcomitrella patens with respect to changes in cytokinin content during thermal induction in comparison to wild type. (cas.cz)
  • The decrease in the PA content and the decline in PA biosynthetic enzyme activities in irradiated ESMs were dependent on the doses of UV-B irradiation applied and the length of time after the exposure. (cas.cz)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, it has been shown that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins participate in local and long-distance signalling, with the same transport mechanism as purines and nucleosides. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin moves from the roots into the shoots, eventually signaling lateral bud growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • While cytokinin action in vascular plants is described as pleiotropic, this class of plant hormones specifically induces the transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. (wikipedia.org)