Hypothalamic diseases. Medical search. FAQ

hypothalamus
Hypothalamic disease is a disorder presenting primarily in the hypothalamus, which may be caused by damage resulting from malnutrition, including anorexia and bulimia eating disorders, genetic disorders, radiation, surgery, head trauma, lesion, tumour or other physical injury to the hypothalamus. (wikipedia.org)
T4 and T3 are normally synthesized and released in response to a combined hypothalamic pituitary signal mediated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. (renalandurologynews.com)
When low thyroid hormone levels are the result of a failure of the hypothalamus to secrete TRH, which, in turn, stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce TSH, the resulting hypothyroidism is hypothalamic hypothyroidism, also known as tertiary hypothyroidism. (renalandurologynews.com)
diseases of hypothalamus, irradiation and trauma. (wikipedia.org)
It can also be caused by diseases affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), in which the hypothalamus and pituitary gland control adrenal secretions, undergoes profound changes during critical illness. (wikipedia.org)
Hypothalamic control Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. (wikipedia.org)
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). (wikipedia.org)
The HPA axis, HPG axis, HPT axis, and the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system are the four major neuroendocrine systems through which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. (wikipedia.org)

dysfunction
doi:10.1016/B0-12-475570-4/00714-9 MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Hypothalamic dysfunction Rehan, K. (2011). (wikipedia.org)
Pulsatile activity can be disrupted by hypothalamic-pituitary disease, either dysfunction (i.e., hypothalamic suppression) or organic lesions (trauma, tumor). (wikipedia.org)
Theories behind the disease include stress-driven hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and adrenocortical hormone (endocrine) abnormalities, neurogenic inflammation, and myofascial pain syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Associated conditions include hyperuricemia, fatty liver (especially in concurrent obesity) progressing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome (in women), erectile dysfunction (in men), and acanthosis nigricans. (wikipedia.org)
HPA-axis dysfunction may explain the reported risk indication of abdominal obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and stroke. (wikipedia.org)

hypothyroidism
Hypopituitarism, neurogenic diabetes insipidus, tertiary hypothyroidism, and developmental disorders are examples of precipitating conditions caused by hypothalamic disease. (wikipedia.org)
Hypothalamic hypothyroidism belongs to the group of hypothyroidisms collectively known as central hypothyroidism. (renalandurologynews.com)
Hypothalamic hypothyroidism can be idiopathic or result from demonstrable hypothalamic disease. (renalandurologynews.com)
In hypothyroidism due to a hypothalamic disorder, free T4 is decreased. (renalandurologynews.com)
Measuring free T4 or other analytes will not identify the cause of the hypothyroidism as hypothalamic. (renalandurologynews.com)
Interferences may obscure the diagnosis of hypothalamic hypothyroidism or complicate the monitoring of the effectiveness of thyroid replacement therapy. (renalandurologynews.com)
TRH-stimulation testing however continues to be useful for the differential diagnosis of secondary (pituitary disorder)and tertiary (hypothalamic disorder) hypothyroidism. (wikipedia.org)
In hypothyroidism due to hypothalamic disease (tertiary hypothyroidism), administration of TRH produces a delayed (60-120 minutes, rather than 15-30 minutes) increase in TSH The TRH test involves administration of a small amount of TRH intravenously, following which levels of TSH will be measured at several subsequent time points using samples of blood taken from a peripheral vein. (wikipedia.org)

disorder
Cushing's Disease: An Often Misdiagnosed and Not So Rare Disorder. (wikipedia.org)

prolactin levels
In many people, elevated prolactin levels remain unexplained and may represent a form of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. (wikipedia.org)

tertiary
Tertiary adrenal insufficiency is due to hypothalamic disease and a decrease in the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). (wikipedia.org)

Hypogonadism
Delay of puberty may also occur due to malnutrition, many forms of systemic disease, or to defects of the reproductive system (hypogonadism) or the body's responsiveness to sex hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Hypogonadism, a decrease in male sex hormones may manifest as impotence, infertility, loss of sexual drive, and testicular atrophy, and can result from primary gonadal injury or suppression of hypothalamic/pituitary function. (wikipedia.org)

Axis
Sundowning Syndrome and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysregulation in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: Is There an Association? (wiley.com)
It constitutes the initial step in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (wikipedia.org)
It is the target of various regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, such as being inhibited by increased estrogen levels in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Grant Winder Liddle (June 27, 1921 - June 29, 1989) was an American endocrinologist whose research focused largely on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (wikipedia.org)
Much of his research focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and diseases that can affect it. (wikipedia.org)
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease: Cushing's Syndrome and Beyond. (wikipedia.org)
Recent research indicates prolonged chronic stress can contribute to metabolic syndrome by disrupting the hormonal balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis). (wikipedia.org)

energy homeostasis
Hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. (jci.org)

inflammatory
This activation of hypothalamic inflammatory pathways results in the uncoupling of caloric intake and energy expenditure, fostering overeating and further weight gain. (jci.org)
An understanding of the contributions of different neuronal and non-neuronal cell types to hypothalamic inflammatory processes, and delineation of the differences and similarities between acute and chronic activation of these inflammatory pathways, will be critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. (jci.org)
Systemic disease, e.g. undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease (which often occurs without gastrointestinal symptoms), inflammatory bowel disease (principally Crohn's disease), chronic renal failure. (wikipedia.org)

Obesity
Hypothalamic disease may therefore have implications for obesity. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity and pituitary disease. (wikipedia.org)
Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and progression of obesity and its sequelae. (jci.org)
Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and progression of obesity and its sequelae and has emerged not only as an important driver of impaired energy balance, but also as a contributor to obesity-associated insulin resistance via altered neurocircuit functions. (jci.org)

manifestations
Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. (wikipedia.org)
Almost always the endocrine manifestations occur in a patient with widespread disease involving the lungs, skin or liver. (bmj.com)
Short stature, delayed growth in height and weight, and/or delayed puberty may be the only clinical manifestations of coeliac disease, in absence of any other symptoms. (wikipedia.org)

patients
This is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 dosing regiments of Pasireotide long acting release (LAR) in patients with Cushing's disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To assess the efficacy of two Pasireotide LAR (long acting release) regimens independently in patients with Cushing's disease after 7 months of treatment regardless of up titration at month 4. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Proportion of responders in each of the Pasireotide LAR (long acting release) 10 mg and 30 mg doses independently in patients with Cushing's disease after 7 months of treatment who did not up titrate the doses of Pasireotide at month 4. (clinicaltrials.gov)
With respect to diagnosis, their guidelines state that "adults patients with structural hypothalamic/pituitary disease, surgery or irradiation in these areas, head trauma, or evidence of other pituitary hormone deficiencies be considered for evaluation for acquired GHd" and that "idiopathic GHd in adults is very rare, and stringent criteria are necessary to make this diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)

hormone
Hypothalamic disease may cause insufficient or inhibited signalling to the pituitary leading to deficiencies of one or more of the following hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Preoperative imaging identification and localization of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas is critical for the accurate diagnosis and the successful surgical treatment of Cushing s disease (CD). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Use of high-dose steroids for more than a week begins to produce suppression of the person's adrenal glands because the exogenous glucocorticoids suppress hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (wikipedia.org)
Other articles describe GH physiology, diseases of GH excess (acromegaly and pituitary gigantism), deficiency, the recent phenomenon of HGH controversies, growth hormone in sports, and growth hormone for cows. (wikipedia.org)

neuronal
Perforation of the third ventricle floor which is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary neuronal network is the key of this surgical procedure. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Disorders
it most often causes gelastic seizures, and can cause visual problems, other seizures, rage disorders associated with hypothalamic diseases, and early onset of puberty. (wikipedia.org)
The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic-pituitary disease, testicular cancers and germ-cell aplasia. (wikipedia.org)

Syndrome
Autoimmune adrenalitis may be part of Type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, which can include type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disease (also known as autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Hashimoto's disease). (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)

Gonadal
Gonadal defects and diseases e.g. (wikipedia.org)

Tumor
Cushing s disease can be caused by a tumor of the pituitary gland, a small gland about the size of a pea located at the base of the brain. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The cure for this type of Cushing s disease is to have surgery that removes the tumor but leaves the pituitary gland alone. (clinicaltrials.gov)

endocrine diseases
In Editor-in-Chief: Luciano Martini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of endocrine diseases (pp. 678-687). (wikipedia.org)

Pituitary Tumors
The purpose of the family study is to investigate the genetic basis for the development of pituitary tumors by assessing the prevalence of pituitary tumors in relatives of probands with the disease as compared to the prevalence in unrelated spouses sharing a similar environment. (clinicaltrials.gov)

responses
3 Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. (jci.org)

Cushing's Disease
He was the first to show that Cushing's disease was caused primarily by an abnormality in the anterior pituitary rather than the adrenal glands. (wikipedia.org)

Clinical
A case is reported of central nervous system (CNS) sarcoidosis with no other clinical, biochemical or histological evidence of the disease. (bmj.com)
The principal aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the variability of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones and clinical effects in children and adults after ETV in order to plan a multicentric study. (clinicaltrials.gov)

brain
At 3 month, a brain MRI, with hypothalamic-pituitary specifics sequences, will be performed and compared to the preoperative one. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Prolactinoma or other tumours arising in or near the pituitary - such as those that cause acromegaly may block the flow of dopamine from the brain to the prolactin-secreting cells, likewise, division of the pituitary stalk or hypothalamic disease. (wikipedia.org)

Hypopituitarism
Pituitary defects and diseases e.g. hypopituitarism. (wikipedia.org)

progression
Treatment continues for at least 2 months in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Origin
Diseases of Hypothalamic Origin. (wikipedia.org)

anterior
Other Control Mechanisms Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary's function. (wikipedia.org)

manifest
Numerous dysfunctions manifest as a result of hypothalamic disease. (wikipedia.org)
Addison's disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia can manifest as adrenal insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)

destruction
These are adrenal dysgenesis (the gland has not formed adequately during development), impaired steroidogenesis (the gland is present but is biochemically unable to produce cortisol) or adrenal destruction (disease processes leading to glandular damage). (wikipedia.org)

puberty
A complete medical history, review of systems, growth pattern, and physical examination will reveal most of the systemic diseases and conditions capable of arresting development or delaying puberty, as well as providing clues to some of the recognizable syndromes affecting the reproductive system. (wikipedia.org)

thyroid gland
Hypothalamic disease therefore affects the functioning of the pituitary and the target organs controlled by the pituitary, including the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes, and the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)

adults
Complete hypothalamic-pituitary hormonal evaluation will be done, in children and adults, before the procedure and at 3 and 12 month after ETV. (clinicaltrials.gov)

result
Hyperprolactinaemia may also be the result of disease of other organs such as the liver, kidneys, ovaries and thyroid. (wikipedia.org)

cortisol
The variation in cortisol levels according to disease type and severity, as well as variation within the same patient, hampers the establishment of a clear threshold below which CIRCI occurs. (wikipedia.org)

typically
Typically, the disease develops slowly over months or years. (wikipedia.org)