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HypocotylArabidopsisArabidopsis ProteinsSeedlingPhototropismIndoleacetic AcidsGravitropismCotyledonPhytochromePhytochrome APhytochrome BGene Expression Regulation, PlantDarknessLightPlant RootsPlant Growth RegulatorsPlants, Genetically ModifiedEthylenesGenes, PlantCucumis sativusGibberellinsCryptochromesEtiolationHelianthusBrassinosteroidsPlant ProteinsGravity SensingPlant EpidermisMutationSeedsAmino Acids, Cyclic2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic AcidCytokininsPlant StemsPlant ShootsGerminationCell EnlargementFlavoproteinsFabaceaePhenotypePhotoperiodAnthocyaninsFlowersKinetinCell WallPectinsPlants, MedicinalSoybeansBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsLycopersicon esculentumPlant LeavesCircadian ClocksXylemRNA, PlantLepidiumPlant StructuresGravitationMolecular Sequence DataDNA, PlantPhotoreceptors, PlantSteroids, HeterocyclicPlant Cells
SeedlingsElongation of hypocotylsMung beanExplantsCucumisSeedlingInhibitionShade-inducedSoybeanCotyledonCultivarsCircadianShootsSegmentsRootsSpeciesRootPlantNormalLeavesConditionsLightStorageElongationCotyledonsStemArabidopsis HypocotylsSeedlingsPlantsRegenerationSoybeanConcentrationsVitro cultureAuxinPhytochromePetioleDescribeGrowthChemicalCalciumEffectTypeEffectsDaily
Seedlings6
  • Under normal light conditions, hypocotyl growth is controlled by a process called photomorphogenesis, while shading the seedlings evokes a rapid transcriptional response which negatively regulates photomorphogenesis and results in increased rates of hypocotyl growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Culture of Cotyledon and Hypocotyl Protoplasts from True Potato Seedlings in Solanum tuberosum L. [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Regulation of Phytochrome on Swelling of Protoplasts Isolated from Hypocotyl of Etiolated Mung Bean Seedlings [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • R. solani causes both pre-and post-emergence damping-off, but is most often observed causing disease on emerged seedlings.Infection begins as dark brown lesions below the soil surface and progresses up the hypocotyls, often resulting in wilting and complete collapse of cotyledons and death of plants.Infections from A. cochlioides begin near the soil line as water-soaked lesions that progress from gray to black. (unl.edu)
  • Normal seedlings have healthy tissue with a normal hypocotyl and cotyledons. (hayandforage.com)
  • Abnormal seedlings have a missing root or deformed hypocotyl. (hayandforage.com)
Elongation of hypocotyls2
  • Recently, it was also reported that the clock regulates a daily and rhythmic elongation of hypocotyls. (fairdomhub.org)
  • In this regard, we provide genetic evidence to show that the circadian clock regulates the photoperiodic (or seasonal) elongation of hypocotyls by modulating the expression profiles of the PIF4 and PIF5 genes encoding phytochrome-interacting bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) factors, in such a manner that certain short-day conditions are necessary to enhance the expression of these genes during the night-time. (fairdomhub.org)
Mung bean4
  • Change of Nitric Oxide and NADPH-diaphorase During the Generation and the Development of Adventitious Roots in Mung Bean Hypocotyl Cuttings [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Ethylene induced an increase in the level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase mRNA but suppressed the expression of ACC synthase transcript in mung bean hypocotyls. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2,5-norbornadiene, an inhibitor of ethylene action, significantly reduced the basal level of ACC oxidase transcript present in intact mung bean hypocotyls. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine effectively prevented ethylene-induced ACC oxidase gene expression, whereas it substantially recovered the ethylene-suppressed transcript level of ACC synthase, suggesting that protein phosphorylation plays a role in the induction of ACC oxidase and the suppression of ACC synthase by ethylene in mung bean hypocotyls. (elsevierpure.com)
Explants2
  • Hypocotyl explants of three cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.) (cvs. (agri.gov.il)
  • Revigal required light, whereas regeneration from hypocotyl explants of melon cv. (agri.gov.il)
Cucumis2
  • A novel pathway for rapid shoot regeneration from the proximal zone of the hypocotyl of melon (Cucumis melo L. (agri.gov.il)
  • Photocontrol of hypocotyl elongation in light-grown Cucumis sativus L. (agri.gov.il)
Seedling2
  • The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root). (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of Phoma seedling disease consist of dark brown to black necrosis on hypocotyls, often studded with small black pycnidia (200-325 μm). (unl.edu)
Inhibition1
  • Perhaps Ca2 + in the wall itself was sufficient for red light-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. (jipb.net)
Shade-induced1
  • Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. (elifesciences.org)
Soybean4
  • Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot is a common disease of soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani. (uky.edu)
  • Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on ATP and ρ-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Hydrolysis by the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Influence of K＋ on the Coupling Between ATP Hydrolysis and Proton Transport by the Plasma Membrane H＋-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Ca2+ Activated Protein Kinases in Hypocotyl of Soybean (Glycine max L.) [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Cotyledon1
Cultivars1
  • There are no commercial cultivars marketed as resistant to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot, and only a few sources of partial resistance to this disease have been reported. (uky.edu)
Circadian1
  • Based on these and other results, the photoperiodic control of hypocotyl elongation is best explained by the accumulation of PIF4 and PIF5 during the night-time of short days, due to coincidence between the internal (circadian rhythm) and external (photoperiod) time cues. (fairdomhub.org)
Shoots1
  • Regeneration from the hypocotyl resulted in nearly 100% diploid shoots, whereas regeneration from the cotyledons resulted in 40% to 70% polyploid regenerants. (agri.gov.il)
Segments2
  • When the hypocotyl segments of Phaseolus radiatus L. were incubated in CaC12 (1 mmol/L) medium, the cell wall calcium was increased over threefold more than those incubated in a Ca2+ -free medium. (jipb.net)
  • La3 + ( 100 to 1 000 μmol/L) had no effect on wall calcium as compared to hypocotyl segments treated with red light alone, but eliminated the inhibitory effect of red light. (jipb.net)
Roots1
  • Three tissue types were examined (leaves, hypocotyls and roots) and compared to analyses conducted with whole plants. (nih.gov)
Species1
  • The polypeptides of the molecular weight (MW) 29 & 20 KDa appeared to be common in untreated hypocotyls of all the studied species. (journalcra.com)
Root1
  • Both mercury and chromium inhibited root and hypocotyl length. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Plant2
  • The hypocotyl is the primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the stem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin Binding Proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Normal1
  • R. apiculata synthesized an unique polypeptide of MW 14 KDa in normal hypocotyls. (journalcra.com)
Leaves2
  • After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, leaves or hypocotyl are eaten and used in cooking. (evegrocer.com)
Conditions1
  • Here, we report that the promotion of hypocotyl elongation is in fact dependent on changes in photoperiods in such a way that an accelerated hypocotyl elongation occurs especially under short-day conditions. (fairdomhub.org)
Light1
  • One of the widely used assays in the field of photobiology is the investigation of the effect of changes in light quantity and quality on hypocotyl elongation. (wikipedia.org)
Storage1
  • In some plants, the hypocotyl becomes enlarged as a storage organ. (wikipedia.org)
Elongation9
  • One of the widely used assays in the field of photobiology is the investigation of the effect of changes in light quantity and quality on hypocotyl elongation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormonal interactions in the control of Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Arabidopsis hypocotyl, together with hormone mutants and chemical inhibitors, was used to study the role of auxin in cell elongation and its possible interactions with ethylene and gibberellin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results are consistent with the hypothesis that auxin levels in the wild-type hypocotyl are optimal for elongation and that additional auxin is inhibitory. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When ethylene responses were reduced using either the ethylene-resistant mutant etr1 or aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, auxin responses were unchanged, indicating that auxin does not inhibit hypocotyl elongation through ethylene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results indicate that auxin and gibberellin are acting independently in hypocotyl elongation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus auxin, ethylene, and gibberellin each regulate hypocotyl elongation independently. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Perhaps Ca2 + in the wall itself was sufficient for red light-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. (jipb.net)
  • 16. Three Auxin Response Factors Promote Hypocotyl Elongation. (nih.gov)
Cotyledons7
  • The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root). (wikipedia.org)
  • After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypocotyl rot affects the stem of the plant between the cotyledons and the roots (the hypocotyl). (barmac.com.au)
  • One illuminating example is the rhythmic growth of hypocotyls and cotyledons in Arabidopsis thaliana . (nature.com)
  • Check for firm and healthy hypocotyls, cotyledons, and growing points. (farmprogress.com)
  • The parts of the seed may include but is not limited to seed coat, hypocotyls, cotyledons, embryo and endosperm. (saqa.org.za)
  • The fact that the radicals form the roots, hypocotyls, the stem, cotyledons and the leaves are explained. (saqa.org.za)
Stem4
  • The hypocotyl is the primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the stem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SAS has mainly come from studies on the hypocotyl (embryonic stem) of Arabidopsis plants. (europa.eu)
  • Hypocotyl and stem explants excised from in vitro and greenhouse-grown seedlings of Madaras, 1886 Sel. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • Sachs' curvature' was a term used by CD to refer to the movement of the hypocotyl (stem supporting the cotyledon) and radicle (embryonic root) away from a perpendicular position within twenty-four hours of seed germination (see Movement in plants , pp. 91-2). (darwinproject.ac.uk)
Arabidopsis Hypocotyls1
  • Pectin May Hinder the Unfolding of Xyloglucan Chains during Cell Deformation: Implications of the Mechanical Performance of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls with Pectin Alterations. (mpg.de)
Seedlings4
  • Under normal light conditions, hypocotyl growth is controlled by a process called photomorphogenesis, while shading the seedlings evokes a rapid transcriptional response which negatively regulates photomorphogenesis and results in increased rates of hypocotyl growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • When wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings were grown on media containing a range of auxin concentrations, hypocotyl growth was inhibited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Culture of Cotyledon and Hypocotyl Protoplasts from True Potato Seedlings in Solanum tuberosum L. [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Regulation of Phytochrome on Swelling of Protoplasts Isolated from Hypocotyl of Etiolated Mung Bean Seedlings [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Plants3
  • In some plants, the hypocotyl becomes enlarged as a storage organ. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypocotyl rot affects isolated plants, as opposed to Rhizoctonia bare patch which occurs in patches. (barmac.com.au)
  • Affected plants are characterised by red-brown lesions on the hypocotyl or tap root. (barmac.com.au)
Regeneration2
  • A novel pathway for rapid shoot regeneration from the proximal zone of the hypocotyl of melon (Cucumis melo L. (agri.gov.il)
  • Regeneration from the proximal part of the hypocotyl was due to production of a new shoot apical meristem, observed by histology. (agri.gov.il)
Soybean3
  • Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on ATP and ρ-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Hydrolysis by the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Influence of K＋ on the Coupling Between ATP Hydrolysis and Proton Transport by the Plasma Membrane H＋-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Ca2+ Activated Protein Kinases in Hypocotyl of Soybean (Glycine max L.) [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Concentrations2
  • The aim of this study was to analyse the concentrations of major secondary metabolites in hypocotyls and leaves of maca in a controlled planting experiment in the Peruvian Andes at 4130 m above sea level. (cipotato.org)
  • Leaves may be interesting for animal nutrition purposes as they contain essentially the same secondary metabolites as the hypocotyls but in clearly lower concentrations. (cipotato.org)
Vitro culture1
  • In the present study, we report in vitro culture protocols for naranjilla apical buds, hypocotyls and petioles. (ox.ac.uk)
Auxin2
  • However, when axr1-12 and 35S-iaaL (which have reduced auxin response and levels, respectively) were grown in the same conditions, auxin was able to promote hypocotyl growth. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, auxin does not promote hypocotyl growth of axr3-1, which has phenotypes that suggest an enhanced auxin response. (ox.ac.uk)
Phytochrome1
  • Here, we describe LONG HYPOCOTYL (CsLH), encoding the photoreceptor phytochrome B (PHYB), which we show has been subjected to selection during cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) domestication. (irta.cat)
Petiole1
  • quitoense by apical bud, petiole and hypocotyl culture. (ox.ac.uk)
Describe1
  • Additionally, our model produces complex responses to various light cues, such as extreme photoperiods and non-24 h environmental cycles, and can describe the control of hypocotyl growth by the clock. (nih.gov)
Growth1
Chemical1
  • Chemical composition of the secondary cell walls was analysed in Arabidopsis stems and/or hypocotyls by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 2D-NMR and phenolic profiling. (ugent.be)
Calcium1
  • In this study, 403 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg of soy hypocotyl aglycone isoflavones or placebo plus calcium and vitamin D. Annual evaluations allowed determination of changes in whole body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), T scores, and changes in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism. (medscape.com)
Effect1
  • It has been shown to increase cambial activity in poplar, but the effect on wood formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyl has not previously been studied. (slu.se)
Type1
  • Arabidopsis PRN2 suppressed accumulation of S-type lignin in Arabidopsis stems and hypocotyls. (ugent.be)
Effects1
  • Age effects on hypocotyl mechanics. (mpg.de)
Daily1
  • Daily supplementation with 120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones reduces whole body bone loss but does not slow bone loss at common fracture sites in healthy postmenopausal women," the study authors write. (medscape.com)