AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and Occupations
Adrenocortical AdenomaAdrenal Cortex NeoplasmsAdenomaAdrenocortical CarcinomaCushing SyndromeAdrenal Cortex17-HydroxycorticosteroidsHyperplasiaAdrenal Cortex DiseasesAdrenalectomyAdrenal Gland NeoplasmsHyperaldosteronismHydrocortisoneAdrenal GlandsAdrenocorticotropic HormoneAdrenal Cortex Function TestsProgesterone ReductaseSteroid 17-alpha-HydroxylaseAldosteroneIncidental FindingsMitotanePheochromocytomaAdrenocortical HyperfunctionImmunohistochemistryDexamethasoneProstatic HyperplasiaAdenoma, PleomorphicAdenoma, VillousEndometrial HyperplasiaTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdrenal Hyperplasia, CongenitalPituitary NeoplasmsAdenoma, Liver CellSteroid 11-beta-HydroxylaseSteroid 21-HydroxylaseCosyntropinAdrenal InsufficiencyZona Fasciculata
CarcinomaTumorsTumorMalignantMacronodularCongenitalNodulesCushing'sIdiopathicACTHUnilateralCushing SyndromeNodular Adrenal HyperplasiaPPNADFamilialPituitary GlandPheochromocytomaAldosteroneCorticotrophCell hyperplasiaCortical hyperplasiaEndometrial HyperplasiaParathyroid glandsLeft adrenalHypertensionHistologicHepaticSecondaryProliferationPrimaryEndocrine
Carcinoma18
  • Type 2A MEN is defined by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (about 50% of cases), and hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid gland hyperplasia (about 20% of cases). (medscape.com)
  • Adrenal gland tumors, adrenocortical adenomas, and adrenocortical carcinoma, as well as adrenal hyperplasia due to pituitary adenomas (as in Cushing's disease). (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction: Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In younger children, CS may be caused by ACTH-independent cortisol producing adrenocortical lesions including adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma or adrenal hyperplasia (diffuse or multinodular). (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • Xu F , Guan Y , Ma Y , Xue L , Zhang P , Yang X , Chong T , . Bioinformatic analyses and experimental validation of the role of m6A RNA methylation regulators in progression and prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma. (aging-us.com)
  • However, the role of that in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has not been fully elucidated. (aging-us.com)
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor with an incidence rate of approximately 0.7/million to 2.0/million in the population [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • There are numerous disease states that can cause hypercortisolemia, including excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin), adenoma and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland, carcinoma of the adrenal gland, primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), and exogenous cortisol use. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Cortisol excess may also be seen in primary adrenal disease caused by benign bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, a cortisol-secreting adenoma, or, less likely, a carcinoma. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare with an incidence of 0.7 - 2.0 per million per year. (jofem.org)
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare tumor has the propensity to produce and secrete steroids with the most frequent condition is a cortisol-secreting ACC causing Cushingoid phenotype. (jofem.org)
  • Adrenal adenoma is the most common benign adrenal tumor that arises from the cortex, whereas adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor of the cortex. (ctisus.com)
  • Hyperplasia occurs in the adrenal cortices, and this can lead to adenoma or carcinoma formation. (vetschoolsuccess.com)
  • Unilateral, adrenal adenoma, or carcinoma and bilateral micronodular or macro nodular adrenal hyperplasia are the most common causes of Cushing's syndrome due to corticotropin independent, adrenal gland production of cortisol. (standardofcare.com)
  • Its level decreases in Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Adrenal carcinoma, and adenoma. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Morning levels of plasma cortisol in patients with adrenal carcinoma and ectopic ACTH producing tumors were reduced on the average to about one half of the pretreatment levels, and in patients with adrenal hyperplasia to about two thirds of the pretreatment levels, during 1-3 months of therapy with Aminoglutethimide. (wikidoc.org)
  • What Is the Optimal Duration of Adjuvant Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma? (ukw.de)
  • ENSAT registry-based randomized clinical trials for adrenocortical carcinoma. (ukw.de)
Tumors18
  • Introduction: Alterations of the cAMP signaling pathway are described in adrenal tumors causing Cushing syndrome, specifically mutations in the gene coding for the protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit alpha (PRAKCA) in cortisol producing adenomas (CPA) with overt Cushing syndrome.Materiel and Methods: Eight CPAs without PRKACA mutations were analyzed by whole exome sequencing. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Adrenocortical tumors may be benign or malignant. (docsbay.net)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma  encapsulated, expansile, yellow tumors, lipid-rich cells, adjacent adrenal cortex and contralateral adrenal glands are atrophic b/c of suppression of endogenous ACTH by high cortisol levels. (docsbay.net)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Duodenal gastrinomas, carcinoid tumors of the foregut, benign adrenal adenomas, and lipomas also occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Загальні відомості про множинні ендокринні неоплазії (МЕН) The multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes comprise 3 genetically distinct familial diseases involving adenomatous hyperplasia and malignant tumors in several endocrine glands. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In inhibin-alpha/Simian Virus 40 T antigen (SV40Tag) (inh alpha/Tag) mice, gonadectomy-induced (OVX) elevated LH triggers the growth of transcription factor GATA4 (GATA4)-positive adrenocortical tumors in a hyperplasia-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. (abo.fi)
  • Conclusion: Our data indicate that LH/LHCGR signaling is critical for the adrenal cell reprogramming by GATA4 induction prompting adenoma formation and gonadal-like phenotype of the adrenocortical tumors in inha/Tag mice. (abo.fi)
  • Most tumors that affect the adrenal cortex are adenomas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Background: Molecular classification is important for diagnosis and prognosis of adrenocortical tumors (ACT). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Introduction: Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) are benign adrenocortical disease responsible for benign tumors and cortisol autonomous secretion. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Adenohypophyseal proliferation was classified as hyperplasia (n = 40) if ≤2 mm diameter with intact reticulin network, as microadenoma (n = 22) for 1-5 mm homogeneous nodules with lost reticulin network, or as macroadenoma (n = 17) for larger tumors. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Most of these cases involve non-cancerous tumors called adrenal adenomas, which release excess cortisol into the blood. (jacanswers.com)
  • Noncancerous tumors that can cause Cushing syndrome include: Adrenal adenomas, a common tumor that rarely makes excess cortisol. (jacanswers.com)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are sporadic tumors in the vast majority of cases, but they can rarely be part of genetic conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (NEM1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (NEM4) and familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) ( 8 8. (scielo.br)
  • More recent data have shown that these values are not as specific for adenoma as previously believed, since other adrenal tumors such as pheochromocytoma, hypervascular metastases, and ACC also can meet these washout thresholds. (ctisus.com)
  • The European Society of Endocrinology and the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors has taken a simpler approach and recommend no further follow-up imaging for nodules less than 4 cm with a nonenhanced attenuation of less than 10 HU (ie, those that can be diagnosed as lipid-rich adenomas). (ctisus.com)
  • Corticotropin secreting corticotroph adenomas account for up to 15% of pituitary tumors with an incidence of 1.6 cases per 1 million persons and are typically small, approximately 6 mm in diameter and are 5 to 10 times as common in women as in men. (standardofcare.com)
Tumor6
  • A ) scRNA-seq workflow for three tumor specimens (esPHEO_T1, esPHEO_T2, and esPHEO_T3) and one adjacent specimen (esPHEO_Adj) from the rare pheochromocytoma with ectopic ACTH and CRH secretion (Case 1), 1 tumor specimen (PHEO_T) from common pheochromocytoma (Case 2), and two tumor specimens (ACA_T1, ACA_T2) from adrenocortical adenoma (Case 3). (elifesciences.org)
  • By knocking out Lhcgr and Gata4 in C alpha 1 adrenocortical cells (Lhcgr-ko, Gata4-ko) we tested their role in tumor progression. (abo.fi)
  • Background: Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is an aggressive tumor with heterogeneous prognosis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • 2 PHA is uncommonly reported in cats and dogs and is traditionally associated with a functional adrenocortical tumor. (dvm360.com)
  • Because of its nonenhanced CT attenuation of less than or equal to 10 HU, a lipid-rich adrenal adenoma may be mimicked by a benign adrenal cyst, or it may be mimicked by a tumor with central cystic and/or necrotic change such as ACC, pheochromocytoma, or metastasis. (ctisus.com)
  • When it does occur in cats, it typically is caused by bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands caused by pituitary hyperplasia or tumor. (allaboutpets.pk)
Malignant3
  • There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant. (lookformedical.com)
  • In a relatively recent study, nearly one-third of adenomas grew over time, all at a rate of less than 3 mm per year, as compared with all malignant nodules, which grew at a rate of greater than 5 mm per year. (ctisus.com)
  • those with ATH have either benign adenomas or malignant adenocarcinomas, with roughly equal distribution. (allaboutpets.pk)
Macronodular6
  • Some elegant clinical observations of dysregulated cortisol-secretion in cases of ACTH-independent macronodular hyperplasia (AIMAH) and more rarely adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) have led to the concept of aberrant or illegitimate membrane receptors (AR) in adrenal Cushing syndrome. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • ACTH-independent multinodular adrenal hyperplasias may be divided in two groups based on the size of the nodules, with macronodular disorders associated with nodules larger than 1 cm and micronodular hyperplasias associated with nodules that are smaller than 1 cm [2]. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • Macronodular adrenal hyperplasias are usually related to McCune-Albright syndrome (OMIM 174800) in children. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • Introduction: Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Macronodular hyperplasia, which causes the adrenal glands to enlarge and make excess cortisol. (jacanswers.com)
  • Other less common etiologies of endogenous Cushing's syndrome include ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS ~10%), adrenal adenomas and carcinomas and, more rarely, adrenal primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) ( Table 1 ). (scielo.br)
Congenital6
Nodules2
  • 20 mm in diameter and nodular in shape were often identified as cortical hyperplastic nodules or adenomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This heterogeneity appears to constitute the underlying cause for the focal cell hyperplasia and eventually the formation of thyroid and adrenal nodules, under the influence of growth stimulatory factors. (mdpi.com)
Cushing's4
  • Adrenocortical carcinomas, or adrenal cancers, are the least common cause of Cushing's syndrome. (jacanswers.com)
  • Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical condition that is due to ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma, and it is the most common etiology of endogenous Cushing's syndrome after 6 yrs of age (~70%) ( 2 2. (scielo.br)
  • The most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is Cushing's disease in which a benign pituitary adenoma oversecretes corticotropin. (standardofcare.com)
  • Corticotroph adenomas account for approximately 70% of cases of Cushing's syndrome with iatrogenic hypercortisolism, ectopic corticotropin or corticotropin releasing hormone production and cortisol producing adrenal lesions accounting for the rest. (standardofcare.com)
Idiopathic1
ACTH6
  • preschool children mostly present with adrenocortical lesions, whereas the cause of hypercortisolism in older children is usually a corticotropin (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • On the other hand, the term "Cushing Disease (CD)" describes hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma and is the most common cause of endogenous CS. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • ACTH-dependent Cushing disease (CD) is characterized by hypercortisolism caused by an ACTH-secreting corticotroph adenoma. (mhmedical.com)
  • Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is seen, because the ACTH acts to increase the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. (pediagenosis.com)
  • De hypofyse voorkwab bevat veel verschillende celtypen, die een reeks verschillende hormonen produceren, zoals bijvoorbeeld de hormonen betrokken bij de regulatie van endocriene klieren als de schildklieren (schildklierstimulerend hormoon: TSH), de geslachtsklieren (follikelstimulerend hormoon: FSH en luteïniserend hormoon: LH) en de bijnieren (bijnierschorsstimulerend hormoon: ACTH). (suikerkatten.nl)
  • Adrenocortical hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary lobe. (labtestsguide.com)
Unilateral1
Cushing Syndrome3
  • Recently, in patients with Cushing syndrome caused by bilateral adrenocortical lesions who have neither GNAS nor PRKAR1A gene mutations, inactivating mutations in phosphodiesterase gene family have been identified [4]. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • Pituitary and adrenal adenomas that cause endogenous Cushing syndrome affect women approximately 3 to 4 times more commonly than men. (standardofcare.com)
  • Genomic and sequence variants of protein kinase A regulatory subunit type 1beta (PRKAR1B) in patients with adrenocortical disease and Cushing syndrome. (ukw.de)
Nodular Adrenal Hyperplasia1
PPNAD1
  • Benign micronodular hyperplasias include Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD- OMIM 610489) and isolated micronodular adrenal disease. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
Familial1
  • Familial MTC is hereditary MTC without other associated endocrinopathies, although adrenomedullary hyperplasia secondary to a germline RET mutation may still be present but undiagnosed. (medscape.com)
Pituitary Gland3
  • Most often, it is produced from a basophilic adenoma of the anterior stalk of the pituitary gland. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Cushing disease is caused by corticotropin secreting pituitary adenoma is the typically benign and arise from an expansion of corticotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. (standardofcare.com)
  • This is dependent upon the adrenal hyperplasia due to the pituitary gland. (labtestsguide.com)
Pheochromocytoma2
Aldosterone4
  • aldosterone secreting adenoma in one adrenal gland. (docsbay.net)
  • Adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) constitutively produce the salt-retaining hormone aldosterone and so are a common reason behind serious hypertension. (bioxorio.com)
  • Open up in another window Amount 1 mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas and principal aldosteronism. (bioxorio.com)
  • The main causes of PA are bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and aldosterone producing adenomas, accounting for 65-70% and 30-35% of all PA cases, respectively. (aacc.org)
Corticotroph1
  • Macroadenomas 10 mm or greater account for 10% of corticotroph adenomas. (standardofcare.com)
Cell hyperplasia1
  • C-cell hyperplasia develops early in life and can be viewed as the precursor lesion for MTC, which often arises multifocally and bilaterally. (medscape.com)
Cortical hyperplasia1
  • Bilaterality of adrenal lesions was a useful ultrasonographic criterion for predicting benign lesions, as cortical hyperplasia. (biomedcentral.com)
Endometrial Hyperplasia1
Parathyroid glands1
Left adrenal2
Hypertension1
  • 3,4 However, PHA with bilateral hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa was described in cats with chronic kidney disease, hypertension and hypokalemia. (dvm360.com)
Histologic2
  • Moreover, reports have described a rare syndrome of primary aldosteronism characterized by histologic features intermediate between adrenal adenoma and adrenal hyperplasia, which often is unilaterally localized (also referred to in earlier literature as "intermediate aldosteronism") (see Etiology). (medscape.com)
  • 001) and adrenocortical histologic diagnosis (P = .025). (unboundmedicine.com)
Hepatic1
Secondary1
  • Pheochromocytomas are bilateral in 70% of cases and develop on the background of adrenomedullary hyperplasia secondary to an RET germline mutation. (medscape.com)
Proliferation1
Primary1
  • Any primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PDE11A gene. (nih.gov)
Endocrine1
  • European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions mission is to reduce and ultimately abolish inequalities in care for patients with rare endocrine conditions in Europe, through facilitating knowledge sharing and facilitating related healthcare en research. (endo-ern.eu)