AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Hyperglycemiaalpha-FetoproteinsFetusFetal ProteinsBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalInsulinGlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsStreptozocinGlucose Tolerance TestDiabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HypoglycemiaIslets of LangerhansHyperinsulinismGlucagonInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsHemoglobin A, GlycosylatedPostprandial PeriodFastingDiabetes ComplicationsGlucose Clamp TechniqueDiabetic AngiopathiesGlycosuriaPhlorhizinGluconeogenesisGlucokinaseC-PeptideGlucose IntoleranceHyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic ComaDiabetic NephropathiesDiabetic KetoacidosisBody WeightLiverAlloxanRats, ZuckerRats, Sprague-DawleyPregnancy in DiabeticsTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalRats, WistarOxidative StressObesityPancreasHyperglycinemia, NonketoticGlucagon-Like Peptide 1ChoreaMice, Inbred C57BLGlycosylation End Products, AdvancedPrediabetic StateDiabetic RetinopathyFatty Acids, NonesterifiedDiabetic NeuropathiesCritical IllnessIslets of Langerhans TransplantationRisk FactorsFructosamineAcute DiseaseMice, ObeseReference ValuesGlucose Transporter Type 2AcarboseGlycogenolysisCells, CulturedHyperlipidemiasInfusions, IntravenousEndothelium, VascularHexosaminesGlycogenDiabetes, GestationalGlucose-6-PhosphataseDose-Response Relationship, DrugLiver GlycogenHomeostasisDeoxyglucoseAldehyde ReductaseMetforminDiabetic ComaProinsulinSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Glucagon-Secreting CellsSomatostatinInsulin Infusion SystemsMetabolic Syndrome XTriglyceridesSorbitolBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringReceptors, GlucagonLactates
NeonatalPregnancyInsulinComplicationsMetabolicIntrauterineGestational diabetesMethylationExposureOutcomesPreterm infantsHypothesisMalformationsMorbidityDiabeticPostpartumInducesAdverseTissuesObesityAbnormalRiskLiverBaselineLeptinHistoneGenotype2017SynthesisHealthMiceGenePatientsDecadesBindingAssociated with diabetesCommonResponseWeightDeath
Neonatal2
  • Previous studies have shown that prolonged fetal exposure to hyperglycemia during pregnancy not only could change neonatal metabolic profile at birth [2,3] but also might increase the risk for cryptorchidism in male offspring [4] . (researchgate.net)
  • The current provision of PN, referred to as early-aggressive PN, provides the administration of protein and energy at higher concentrations than the previous conventional PN, has been adopted as a standard service for neonatal care in many countries [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pregnancy10
  • A correlation between maternal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and low birth weight has been reported that the effect on birth weight of increased ambient CO was as large as the effect of the mother smoking a pack of cigarettes per day during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mercury is a known toxic heavy metal that can harm fetal growth and health, and there has been evidence showing that exposure to mercury (via consumption of large oily fish) during pregnancy may be related to higher risks of LBW in the offspring. (wikipedia.org)
  • This document provides guidelines for maternal- and child-health programs for an appropriate public health approach to diabetes control during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • and hyper- bilirubinemia, particularly when maternal glucose levels are not tightly controlled during pregnancy (1). (cdc.gov)
  • 25 years), multiparity, multiple pregnancy, family history of diabetes, pregnancy loss at second or third trimester, history of fetal macrosomia childbirth, history of GDM in a previous pregnancy, and overweight and obesity (3). (who.int)
  • Evaluation of the prevalence of maternal glucose metabolism disorders during pregnancy in newborn boys having normal testicular descent or congenital cryptorchidism. (researchgate.net)
  • Postnatal analysis of maternal history concerning glucose metabolism abnormalities during pregnancy among cryptorchid and healthy Finnish boys. (researchgate.net)
  • Information about maternal diabetes diagnosis and abnormality of the result of a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy were obtained from the hospital records after delivery. (researchgate.net)
  • Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is either Pre-gestational (PGDM), type 1 or 2 existing before pregnancy, or Gestational (GDM), that occurs in mid gestation. (eurjanat.com)
  • Until there is evidence to absolutely prove that ignoring maternal hyperglycemia when the fetal growth patterns appear normal on the ultrasonogram, it is prudent to achieve and maintain normoglycemia in every pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. (pdftreatment.com)
Insulin7
  • Despite these alterations in insulin regulation and responsiveness, pregnant AhR females did not have abnormal glucose tolerance tests and did not develop hyperglycemia, classic characteristics of gestational diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • Uncoupling protein-2 polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and insulin secretion. (cdc.gov)
  • The -866A/A genotype in the promoter of the human uncoupling protein 2 gene is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • The uncoupling protein 1 gene, UCP1, is expressed in mammalian islet cells and associated with acute insulin response to glucose in African American families from the IRAS Family Study. (cdc.gov)
  • Micronutrient deficiencies affect replication of the HIV virus, elevate hepatic protein synthesis, increased urinary nitrogen loss, insulin resistance with resultant hyperglycemia, and increased gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Recent reports indicate the potential role of the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) protein in developing insulin resistance. (mdpi.com)
  • Two decades since the fetal insulin hypothesis: what have we learned from genetics? (gw4-cat.ac.uk)
Complications2
  • Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of GDM may reduce fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and decrease maternal and fetal complications (4,5). (who.int)
  • It has been found that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation can be involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of maternal and fetal complications. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Metabolic2
  • The fetus could be large for gestational age, develop metabolic problems, higher long-term risk for diabetes and obesity, and female offspring susceptibility of GDM in the future due to fetal genome epigenetic modifications (Monteiro et al. (eurjanat.com)
  • This disease can seriously affect the maternal and fetal health, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases in the postpartum period and the offsprings significantly increased. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Intrauterine3
  • It may be tied to one or more of the following processes: premature fetal endocrine activation, intrauterine inflammation, over-distension of the uterus, and endometrial bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concept "fetal programming" shows who still in the intrauterine life, can interfere in factors related to the genesis and development of diseases in childhood, adolescence and adult life. (scirp.org)
  • Several findings suggest that stressor stimuli (e.g. diabetes, nutritional changes) during intrauterine development may promote epigenetic changes, as well as affect mitochondrial metabolism, which may modulate fetal development and predispose to the late development of diseases. (scirp.org)
Gestational diabetes1
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pregnant women who were not screened for gestational diabetes mellitus and compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of women who had undergone GDM screening. (who.int)
Methylation4
  • Patients with TNDM by 6q24 methylation are characterized by hyperglycemia during the first week of life, which resolves by age 18 months [ 7 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Based on the report that the proximal specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding site in POMC promoter is crucial for the leptin-mediated activation of POMC , the methylation of this site was investigated in this study in both cultured cells and postnatal mice reared by the dams with dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The chromatin histones can be modified covalently through attachment of acetyl, methyl, phosphate, or ubiquitin groups, and the DNA bases can be variously opened to nucleoplasm by nonhistone proteins and subjected to methylation or other modifications. (medquizzes.net)
  • Chromatin modifications and protein interactions produce tremendous variation in DNA structure, visualized by karyotyping (centromeres, satellites, etc) and in DNA expression, visualized by "puffs" of transcription in the fruit fly or by imprinted (DNA methylation) regions in mammals. (medquizzes.net)
Exposure3
  • Optimal glycemic control is difficult to achieve and maintain, and even transient exposure to hyperglycemia can cause malformations. (nih.gov)
  • It has been revealed that adverse reproductive effects (e.g., risk for LBW) were correlated with maternal exposure to CO emissions in Eastern Europe and North America. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure of pregnant women to airplane noise was found to be associated with low birth weight via adverse effects on fetal growth. (wikipedia.org)
Outcomes3
  • The maternal and fetal outcomes of GDM patients were similar in both groups. (who.int)
  • In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of pregnant women who refused to attend a gestational diabetes screening test and compared their maternal and fetal outcomes with those who accepted a gestational diabetes screening test. (who.int)
  • Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with risk outcomes for the mother, fetus, child, and adult offspring. (eurjanat.com)
Preterm infants1
  • The early postnatal period is a critical phase for preterm infants due to interruption of transplacental nutrient transfer which requires adequate protein and energy intake from the beginning of birth to optimize long-term growth [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypothesis2
  • We test a novel hypothesis that maternal diabetes-induced autophagy impairment causes NTD formation by disrupting cellular homeostasis leading to ER stress and apoptosis, and that maternal hyperglycemia activates p70S6K1 resulting in autophagy impairment. (nih.gov)
  • This review article outlines epidemiologic studies that support the hypothesis that maternal environment (including early nutrition) plays a seminal role in determining the offspring's long-term health and metabolism, known as the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). (mdpi.com)
Malformations1
  • Maternal zinc deficiency may cause fetal malformations and low birth weight. (msdmanuals.com)
Morbidity3
  • The past decade has seen an increasing awareness of the problem of maternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) in the United States. (nih.gov)
  • For every maternal death, 100 PPWP experience Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). (nih.gov)
  • pregnant women without GDM is associated with a graded increase in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes9 The controversy concerning optimal strategy still implying that fetal morbidity starts at a lower maternal continues for the detection and diagnosis of GDM. (pdftreatment.com)
Diabetic1
Postpartum1
  • More than 50 percent of maternal deaths occur postpartum. (nih.gov)
Induces1
  • We hypothesize that maternal diabetes induces aberrant changes of Atg1 and Sqsmt1 expression, which regulate autophagy, leading to autophagy impairment which induces apoptosis and NTDs, and reversal of autophagy impairment by trehalose, will restore cellular homeostasis and thus prevent diabetes-induced NTDs. (nih.gov)
Adverse4
  • Most common adverse drug reactions (≥5%) from clinical trials in adults were nausea, vomiting, and hyperglycemia. (nih.gov)
  • A number of prospective American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends two and retrospective studies have substantiated the step procedures for screening and diagnosis of diabetes observation that the frequency of adverse fetal outcome and that too in selective (high risk) population. (pdftreatment.com)
  • C100104 Signs or Symptoms C118464 Pediatric Adverse Events Terminology C111756 Absent Fetal Heart Rate Variability Absent Baseline Variability A baseline fetal heart rate with an undetectable amplitude range. (nih.gov)
  • C92790 Fetal Heart Rate Variability C118464 Pediatric Adverse Events Terminology C26687 Acanthosis Nigricans Acanthosis Nigricans A melanotic cutaneous lesion that develops in the axilla and other body folds. (nih.gov)
Tissues1
  • Distribution: Salicylic acid is widely distibuted to all tissues and fluids in the body including the central nervous system (CNS), breast milk, and fetal tissues. (theodora.com)
Obesity1
  • The most familiar complication following GDM is PE which shares common clinical risk factors with GDM such as obesity, advanced maternal age and diabetes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormal1
  • If unequivocal hyperglycemia is absent, two abnormal test results are required for diagnosis, using the same sample or two separate test samples. (medscape.com)
Risk4
  • Maternal diabetes is a significant risk factor for structural birth defects. (nih.gov)
  • citation needed] Maternal tobacco smoking doubles risk of LBW for the infant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lack of association between uncoupling protein-2 Ala55Val polymorphism and incident diabetes in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. (cdc.gov)
  • Maternal diabetes has previously been suggested to be a risk factor for this disorder in one epidemiological study. (researchgate.net)
Liver1
  • Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. (nih.gov)
Baseline2
  • If maternal diabetes is longstanding or associated with known microvascular disease, obtain a baseline maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram. (medscape.com)
  • A baseline fetal heart rate with an undetectable amplitude range. (nih.gov)
Leptin1
  • Many of these are mutations of proteins in the " leptin pathway" which has an important role in energy balance. (citizendium.org)
Histone1
  • Animal nuclear DNA is associated with many more histone and nonhistone proteins than bacterial DNA, producing a "second code" for genetic regulation. (medquizzes.net)
Genotype1
  • Here we demonstrate that AhR-null embryos develop cardiac enlargement, and that this phenotype is dependent, at least in part, on the maternal genotype. (nih.gov)
20171
  • In 2017, only two nations experienced an increase in maternal deaths: the United States and the Dominican Republic. (nih.gov)
Synthesis3
  • Each 60 mg of excess tryptophan (after protein synthesis) is converted to approximately 1 mg of niacin. (empowerpharmacy.com)
  • Synthesis of the vitamin from tryptophan in proteins supplies roughly half the niacin requirement in man. (empowerpharmacy.com)
  • A class of antibiotics which act by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis within the bacteria which results in the death of the bacteria. (mysanantoniovet.com)
Health4
  • Diabetes-induced birth defects remain significant maternal-fetal health problems. (nih.gov)
  • These guidelines were developed by the Division of Diabetes Control, Center for Prevention Services, CDC, in collaboration with the Division of Maternal and Child Health, Bureau of Health Care Delivery and Assistance, Health Resources and Services Administration, and have been endorsed by the Association for Maternal and Child Health and Crippled Children's Programs. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, it was advisable to issue handbook of disease knowledge and through a variety of education manners make the patients realize serious influence of disease in maternal as well as child health and the significance of reasonable blood glucose control in outcome improvement, thus enhancing the compliance in the patients. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The maternal health and fetal outcome depends upon the care by the committed team of diabetologists, obstetricians and neonatologists. (pdftreatment.com)
Mice2
  • However, studies using AhR-null mice have demonstrated the importance of this protein in normal physiology and development. (nih.gov)
  • In this issue of the JCI, Ma and colleagues show that this can be achieved in mice by overexpression of heat shock protein 27, providing hope for enhanced functional recovery in patients after peripheral nerve damage. (jci.org)
Gene2
  • Uncoupling protein 2 and 3 gene polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes in asian indians. (cdc.gov)
  • Association study between the -866G/A polymorphism in the promoter of uncoupling protein-2 gene and polycystic ovary syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Patients1
  • Protein energy malnutrition is the most common form of malnutrition seen in patients with HIV disease worldwide. (medscape.com)
Decades1
  • Black and white maternal mortality disparities have existed for decades. (nih.gov)
Binding2
  • The protein binding of salicylate is concentration-dependent, i.e., non-linear. (theodora.com)
  • Induction of CHOP10 by arsenic is associated with reduced DNA-binding activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and C/EBPα. (nih.gov)
Associated with diabetes1
  • The uncoupling protein 2 Ala55Val polymorphism is associated with diabetes mellitus: the CARDIA study. (cdc.gov)
Common1
  • A common UCP2 polymorphism predisposes to stress hyperglycaemia in severe sepsis. (cdc.gov)
Response1
  • Time-course studies in 3T3-L1 cells revealed that inhibition of adipogenesis by arsenic occurred in the early stage of terminal adipogenic differentiation and was highly correlated with the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP10), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein. (nih.gov)
Weight1
Death1
  • The TGF-β superfamily, including TGF-β isoforms, activins, inhibins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), is involved in a myriad of biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)