• Rosiglitazone reduces blood glucose concentrations and reduces hyperinsulinemia in the ob/ob obese mouse, db/db diabetic mouse, and fa/fa fatty Zucker rat. (globalrph.com)
  • The Zucker diabetic fatty rat offered such a model system. (jci.org)
  • Once obese Zucker diabetic fatty rats become diabetic, glucose- stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is absent and β-cell GLUT2 reduced. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses from compensated insulin resistance to beta cell failure resulting in uncompensated hyperglycemia, a process replicated in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. (nature.com)
  • rect in both Wistar rats and diabetic fatty Zucker rats One unit of DP IV activity is defined as the release of 1.0 ␮mol/lnitroaniline (yellow product) per minute measured spectrophoto- (9, 10). (health-abstracts.com)
  • We examined whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) overexpression and a subsequent increase in mitochondrial content and function in rat primary hepatocytes (in vitro) and Sprague-Dawley rats (in vivo) would comprehensively alter mitochondrial lipid metabolism, including complete (CO(2)) and incomplete (acid-soluble metabolites) fatty acid oxidation (FAO), tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and triacylglycerol (TAG) storage and export. (eurekamag.com)
  • In animal models of diabetes, pioglitazone reduces the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia characteristic of insulin-resistant states such as type 2 diabetes. (globalrph.com)
  • The antidiabetic activity of rosiglitazone has been demonstrated in animal models of type 2 diabetes in which hyperglycemia and/or impaired glucose tolerance is a consequence of insulin resistance in target tissues. (globalrph.com)
  • Protein kinase C is increased in the liver of humans and rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an alteration not due to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is characterized by hyperglycemia and defective production and/or secretion of insulin and complications in the heart, kidney, and neural system leading to death, which have drawn notable attention to the management of diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pre-diabetic obese rats showed signs of delaying type 2 diabetes progression when on a diet containing cocoa powder. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • Cocoa intake may delay the progression of factors associated with type 2 diabetes, according to a study in rats. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • They found that cocoa feeding rats demonstrated improved factors associated with type 2 diabetes such as attenuated hyperglycaemia, reduced insulin resistant and increased beta cell mass compared to the control group. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Figure 3: Macrophage content and Nlrp3 expression in islets of lean and diabetic rats. (nature.com)
  • The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. (cambridge.org)
  • 5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. (cambridge.org)
  • 0·05) in diabetic rats treated with biotin and CrPic, particularly with a combination of the supplements. (cambridge.org)
  • Moreover, numerous data indicate that in diabetic rats, resveratrol is able to reduce hyperglycemia. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Here we show that beta cell failure in adult ZDF rats is not associated with CB 1 R signaling in beta cells, but rather in M1 macrophages infiltrating into pancreatic islets, and that this leads to activation of the Nlrp3-ASC inflammasome in the macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Intravenous infusion of Galanin in humans induce hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance and inhibits the secretion of insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide from the pancreas. (diabetesobesity.org.uk)
  • The study was carried out on 105 Sprague Dawley rats for duration of 24 weeks. (nutrahacker.com)
  • Nondiabetic obesity in Zucker rats is characterized by hypersecretion of insulin at normal fasting and subfasting glucose concentrations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This project will provide novel insights into obesity- related autonomic deficits and determine whether standard treatments for hypertension and hyperglycemia are adequate to restore altered brainstem function and sympathetic reflexes that are not evaluated in the clinic. (unthsc.edu)
  • This project uses obese Zucker rats (OZR) to determine cellular and systemic mechanisms that produce altered autonomic reflexes in the setting of metabolic syndrome. (unthsc.edu)
  • Although female rats may develop salt-induced sensitization of the RVLM, we hypothesize estrogen enhances NTS function to combat impairment of sympatho-inhibitory reflexes in early stages of metabolic syndrome. (unthsc.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate acylated ghrelin and obestatin levels and their ratio in obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters. (mdpi.com)
  • The objectives of this article are to provide a brief overview of the scientific literature regarding the use of fenugreek in the management of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and suggest recommendations for additional research. (lww.com)
  • This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
  • The present study examined the combined effects of an antihypertensive (S-Amlodipine) and an insulin-sensitizing agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists (Pioglitazone and Ragaglitazar), on cardiovascular risk factors in aged diabetic and insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In combination, S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone significantly reduced blood glucose (115.1 ± 6.6 vs. 81.7 ± 4.2), BP (184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 155.1 ± 5.0), serum triglycerides (362.5 ± 47.5 vs. 211.1 ± 23.7) and glucose intolerance when compared with vehicle treated Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, there was less body weight gain and food intake with S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone combination in Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prospective studies in T2DM have shown an association between the degree of hyperglycemia and the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, including fatal CVD events. (ddw-online.com)
  • For example, researchers found that 43 bacterial taxa were significantly different between Chinese obese individuals with T2DM and healthy people by LEfSe analysis, and Acidaminococcales , Bacteroides plebeius and Phascolarctobacterium sp. (frontiersin.org)
  • To this end we examined the distribution of PKC isozymes in liver biopsies from obese individuals with and without NIDDM and in lean controls. (jci.org)
  • We conclude that liver PKC is increased in NIDDM, a change that is not secondary to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • We examined the underlying mechanism of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on kidney and liver in obese diabetic db/db mice, mainly focusing on inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adenoviral transduction of rats with PGC-1α resulted in a liver-specific increase in PGC-1α expression and produced an in vivo liver phenotype of increased FAO via increased mitochondrial function that also resulted in reduced hepatic TAG storage and decreased plasma TAG levels. (eurekamag.com)
  • The results of our study showed over-expression of TREM-1, M1 markers and down-regulation of TREM-2 and M2 markers in the omentum, subcutaneous and liver biopsies of obese patients (diabetics and non-diabetics) compared to non-obese patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TREM-1 expression is significantly increased along with the M1 markers in liver biopsy of obese diabetic (17/17) and obese non-diabetic patients (9/16). (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was a significant increase in immunodetectable PKC-alpha (twofold), -epsilon (threefold), and -zeta (twofold) in the membrane fraction isolated from obese subjects with NIDDM compared with the lean controls. (jci.org)
  • Immunodetectable membrane PKC-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, and -zeta were significantly increased when compared with both the lean and obese controls. (jci.org)
  • They also develop sympathetically-driven hypertension with diminished baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and heart rate (HR) compared to lean Zucker rats. (unthsc.edu)
  • Figure 6: Proinflammatory gene and protein expression in human macrophages and rat and human isolated islets treated with AEA, IL-1β or high glucose. (nature.com)
  • The density of M2 macrophages is lower compared to M1 macrophages in obese patients [ 16 ] as a result of imbalance in CCR2/CCL2 and CCR5 axis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like obese humans, adult OZR become hyperinsulinemic with poor glycemic control. (unthsc.edu)
  • Figure 4: Effects of macrophage depletion on glycemic control and proinflammatory signaling in islets of ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • The researchers said their findings were consistent with earlier research by Fu et al ​ that found dietary supplementation with the flavanol epicatechin preserved functional beta cell mass in non-obese diabetic mice. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • In non-obese subjects, adipocytes release higher levels of adiponectin that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances M2 macrophage polarization [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2011). Bradley C. and other authors have shown in Zucker rat models that ALA has protective effects against hypercholesterolemia and the accumulation of hepatic fat in conditions of overeating and in case of genetic predisposition. (jmedicalcasereports.org)
  • 2018). Eun H.K. and colleagues found that intake of 1800 mg/day of ALA led to modest weight loss in obese subjects (Koh et al . (jmedicalcasereports.org)
  • In obese subjects without NIDDM, the amount of membrane PKC isozymes was not different from the other two groups. (jci.org)
  • Figure 2: The effect of chronic JD5037 treatment on beta cell survival and function in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Normalization of circulating glucose in the rat model by either insulin or phlorizin treatment did not result in a reduction in membrane PKC isozyme protein or kinase activity. (jci.org)
  • Filipović D, Inderhees J, Korda A, Tadić P, Schwaninger M, Inta D, Borgwardt S. Metabolic Fingerprints of Effective Fluoxetine Treatment in the Prefrontal Cortex of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats: Marker Candidates and Predictive Metabolites . (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In addition, increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine were measured in cerebella of HFD ± NDEA treated rats, and overall, NDEA+HFD treatment reduced brain levels of Tau, phospho-GSK-3β (reflecting increased GSK-3β activity), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ChAT to greater degrees than either treatment alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oestrogen significantly increases the synthesis of Galanin mRNA and the Galanin peptide in the rat pituitary with a 30 fold rise in pituitary levels during the oestrous cycle in rats. (diabetesobesity.org.uk)
  • The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. (cambridge.org)
  • Cho, K.D., Han, C.K. and Lee, B.H. (2013) Loss of Body Weight and Fat and Improved Lipid Profiles in Obese Rats Fed Apple Pomace or Apple Juice Concentrate. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, although obese people are predisposed to develop NAFLD, normal weight and overweight people may, through the development of insulin resistance, also show the pathogenic characteristics of NAFLD. (hindawi.com)
  • rent hyperglycemia, accounts for ninety to ninety-five circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 percent of diagnosed diabetic patients (1). (health-abstracts.com)
  • The imbalance in obese patients due to pro-inflammatory cytokines influences the M1/M2 polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TREM-1 and macrophage polarization, and association of TREM-1 and M1 macrophage polarization with insulin resistance (IR) in obese population compared to non-obese population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The group I rats were marked as control while rats of group II & III were administered vanadyl sulphate 0.06mg/day and 0.3mg/day respectively. (nutrahacker.com)
  • Figure 5: Effects of macrophage-selective siRNA knockdown of CB 1 R in ZDF rats. (nature.com)