• Rosiglitazone reduces blood glucose concentrations and reduces hyperinsulinemia in the ob/ob obese mouse, db/db diabetic mouse, and fa/fa fatty Zucker rat. (globalrph.com)
  • The Zucker diabetic fatty rat offered such a model system. (jci.org)
  • Islet GIP-R expression and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in pancreas-specific PPARγ knockout mice (PANC PPARγ −/− ), normoglycemic 60% pancreatectomy rats (Px), normoglycemic and hyperglycemic Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, and mouse islets incubated with troglitazone. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses from compensated insulin resistance to beta cell failure resulting in uncompensated hyperglycemia, a process replicated in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. (nature.com)
  • These abnormalities, the hyperinsulinemia, the hyperplasia of β-cells, i.e., its in vitro equivalent, enhanced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and the increased low K(m) glucose usage can be induced by culturing normal islets with 2 mmol/l free fatty acids (FFAs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Once obese Zucker diabetic fatty rats become diabetic, glucose- stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is absent and β-cell GLUT2 reduced. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A single oral gavage of tofogliflozin increased renal glucose clearance and lowered the blood glucose level in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It may also modulate insulin secretion and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation with glucose uptake. (biotechpeptides.com)
  • rect in both Wistar rats and diabetic fatty Zucker rats One unit of DP IV activity is defined as the release of 1.0 ␮mol/lnitroaniline (yellow product) per minute measured spectrophoto- (9, 10). (health-abstracts.com)
  • Activation of PPARγ nuclear receptors modulates the transcription of a number of insulin responsive genes involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. (globalrph.com)
  • Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and T cell population markers in adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in humans. (nature.com)
  • In addition to coordinated effects on glucose metabolism [ 20 , 21 ], exenatide exerts endothelium-protective action similar to GLP-1 [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The available drugs are not sufficiently efficacious in reducing cardiovascular risk and restoring normal glucose metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes as a mono- or a combination therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
  • [7] It has been hypothesized that AMPK, a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, may mediate many of the beneficial effects of physical activity on these processes. (biotechpeptides.com)
  • OBJECTIVE -To elucidate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This weight loss may have been better controlled in the treatment groups because the glucomannan content of the porang led to an improvement in the rats' glucose metabolism, especially in the NP and SP groups. (oamjms.eu)
  • Betatrophin is a newly identified liver-derived hormone that is associated with glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A deeper understanding of the effects of these medications on glucose metabolism and their underlying mechanisms of action is crucial for the treatment of diabetic patients with sleep disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
  • In this review we focus on the bene fi cial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
  • However, it is important to note that some studies have indicated that REM sleep plays an important role in glucose metabolism. (vdocuments.mx)
  • Thiazolidinedione activation (72 h) of this pathway in normal mouse islets caused a threefold increase of GIP-R protein and a doubling of insulin secretion to 16.7 mmol/l glucose/10 nmol/l GIP. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Peripheral CB 1 R blockade, in vivo depletion of macrophages or macrophage-specific knockdown of CB 1 R reverses or prevents these changes and restores normoglycemia and glucose-induced insulin secretion. (nature.com)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important endogenous incretin hormone, which stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet cells and supports glucose homeostasis [ 7 ], as well as stimulating β -cell proliferation and inhibiting β -cell apoptosis, increasing insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting glucagon secretion and gastrointestinal motility [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In such cases, hyperglycemia results from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, no interaction with tofogliflozin was observed in any of a battery of tests examining glucose-related physiological processes, such as glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, glycogen synthesis, hepatic glucose production, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and glucosidase reactions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Long lasting administration of T 1095 restored impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic cells in Goto Kakizaki rats30 and suppressed diabetic complications in each C57BL/KsJ db/db mice and GK rats.31,32 Nevertheless, retained co inhibition of SGLT1 by T 1095 led to improvement with the compound getting discontinued in 2003, obtaining reached Shikimate phase II clinical trials. (cftrpathway.com)
  • Intravenous infusion of Galanin in humans induce hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance and inhibits the secretion of insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide from the pancreas. (diabetesobesity.org.uk)
  • Islets from obese normoglycemic ZF rats had twofold increased PPARγ and GIP-R protein levels versus lean rats, with both lowered by two-thirds in ZF rats made hyperglycemic by 60% Px. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Cho, K.D., Han, C.K. and Lee, B.H. (2013) Loss of Body Weight and Fat and Improved Lipid Profiles in Obese Rats Fed Apple Pomace or Apple Juice Concentrate. (scirp.org)
  • Pre-diabetic obese rats showed signs of delaying type 2 diabetes progression when on a diet containing cocoa powder. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • Pre-diabetic obese rats were fed a control diet or 10% cocoa-rich diet for six to 15 weeks. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, diabetes mellitus (DM) model, low dose of exenatide treatment, and high dose of exenatide treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • 24 adult male Wistar rats (weight 275±9.9 g, age 13 weeks) were purchased and randomly divided into three groups: sham, diabetic and diabetic + exercise. (ac.ir)
  • Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) (also termed fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) is a focal enzyme in gluconeogenesis via its conversion of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) to fructose 6-phosphate (F-6-P), which permits endogenous glucose production from gluconeogenic amino acids (eg, alanine and glycine), glycerol, or lactate. (medscape.com)
  • Result: The antioxidant effect is due to its ability to neutralize free radicals and oxygen reactive species (ROS) and the ability to enhance the action of other endogenous antioxidants, such as vitamin E and vitamin C. The antidiabetic effect is to improve the effectiveness of insulin and the transport of glucose into cells, thus leading to a reduction in insulin resistance. (jmedicalcasereports.org)
  • In animal models of diabetes, pioglitazone reduces the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia characteristic of insulin-resistant states such as type 2 diabetes. (globalrph.com)
  • The present study examined the combined effects of an antihypertensive (S-Amlodipine) and an insulin-sensitizing agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists (Pioglitazone and Ragaglitazar), on cardiovascular risk factors in aged diabetic and insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In combination, S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone significantly reduced blood glucose (115.1 ± 6.6 vs. 81.7 ± 4.2), BP (184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 155.1 ± 5.0), serum triglycerides (362.5 ± 47.5 vs. 211.1 ± 23.7) and glucose intolerance when compared with vehicle treated Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, there was less body weight gain and food intake with S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone combination in Zucker fa/fa rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PPAR-gamma agonists, also known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone increase insulin sensitivity, reduce levels of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides with a concomitant reduction in BP and improvement in endothelial function [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current widespread treatments for T2DM include metformin (suppressor of hepatic glucose production), sulfonylureas (insulin secretagogues), and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone (PPAR agonist). (ddw-online.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS -These results suggest that pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic patients decreases fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels by improving hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissue sensitivity to insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Of broader clinical interest, excess hepatic FDPase action contributes to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes . (medscape.com)
  • The antidiabetic activity of rosiglitazone has been demonstrated in animal models of type 2 diabetes in which hyperglycemia and/or impaired glucose tolerance is a consequence of insulin resistance in target tissues. (globalrph.com)
  • Protein kinase C is increased in the liver of humans and rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an alteration not due to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • The design of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors targeting the catalytic site of the enzyme is a promising strategy for a better control of hyperglycaemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. (rsc.org)
  • In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is the predominant mediator of renal glucose reabsorption and is an emerging molecular target for the treatment of diabetes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These findings demonstrate that tofogliflozin inhibits SGLT2 in a specific manner, lowers blood glucose levels by increasing renal glucose clearance, and improves pathological conditions of type 2 diabetes with a low hypoglycemic potential. (aspetjournals.org)
  • One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
  • Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
  • Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)
  • Cocoa intake may delay the progression of factors associated with type 2 diabetes, according to a study in rats. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • They found that cocoa feeding rats demonstrated improved factors associated with type 2 diabetes such as attenuated hyperglycaemia, reduced insulin resistant and increased beta cell mass compared to the control group. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
  • Manipulation of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics may assist in weight loss and reduce plasma glucose and serum lipid levels, decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The diabetes criterion was the blood glucose level higher than 250 mg/dl. (ac.ir)
  • One week after the induction of diabetes, the rats in exercise group ran on a treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20-30 min. (ac.ir)
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases indicated by hyperglycemia. (oamjms.eu)
  • Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the dysregulation of blood glucose levels and reported to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications. (vdocuments.mx)
  • Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Filipović D, Inderhees J, Korda A, Tadić P, Schwaninger M, Inta D, Borgwardt S. Metabolic Fingerprints of Effective Fluoxetine Treatment in the Prefrontal Cortex of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats: Marker Candidates and Predictive Metabolites . (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In vivo verification was shown by a 70% reduction in GIP-R protein expression in islets from PANC PPARγ −/− mice and a twofold increase in islets of 14-day post-60% Px Sprague-Dawley rats that hyperexpress β-cell PPARγ. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The study was carried out on 105 Sprague Dawley rats for duration of 24 weeks. (nutrahacker.com)
  • Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous, progressive disorder initially characterized by impaired glucose tolerance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which in the later stages, develops severe insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objectives of this article are to provide a brief overview of the scientific literature regarding the use of fenugreek in the management of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and suggest recommendations for additional research. (lww.com)
  • The results showed that the oral administration of IOP in high dose (1.2 g/kg) can significantly reduce the blood glucose with 31% reduction comparing with the diabetic model and relieve dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Investigation in Zucker fa / fa rat model in acute and subchronic assays further confirmed the potency of compound 5h since it lowered blood glucose levels by ∼36% at 30 mg kg −1 and ∼43% at 60 mg kg −1 . (rsc.org)
  • Pancreatic endocrine islet β-cells create and release the two crucial hormones that regulate blood glucose levels: insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises blood sugar. (frontiersin.org)
  • No blood glucose reduction was observed in normoglycemic SD rats treated with tofogliflozin. (aspetjournals.org)
  • P rediabetes is presently defined as moderately elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), and is estimated to affect 79 million adult Americans, or 35% of the adult population. (ddw-online.com)
  • This process results in raised insulin and blood glucose levels. (biotechpeptides.com)
  • In diabetic murine models, AICAR was observed to reduce blood glucose levels without weight changes [6] . (biotechpeptides.com)
  • Dietary regulation represents a viable means of controlling blood glucose levels. (oamjms.eu)
  • This study aimed to determine the effect of porang flour macerated with SC on the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. (oamjms.eu)
  • The rats' food intakes, stools, and BWs were recorded throughout the study, while their blood glucose levels were measured before the induction of DM, 3 days after the induction of DM, and at the end of the study (14-day treatment period). (oamjms.eu)
  • The glucomannan content also decreased the blood glucose levels in the NP and SP groups. (oamjms.eu)
  • Figure 1: Effects of peripheral CB 1 R blockade on body weight, adiposity, hepatic lipogenesis and glycemic control in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Figure 4: Effects of macrophage depletion on glycemic control and proinflammatory signaling in islets of ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Here we show that beta cell failure in adult ZDF rats is not associated with CB 1 R signaling in beta cells, but rather in M1 macrophages infiltrating into pancreatic islets, and that this leads to activation of the Nlrp3-ASC inflammasome in the macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Macrophage content and Nlrp3 expression in islets of lean and diabetic rats. (nature.com)
  • Figure 6: Proinflammatory gene and protein expression in human macrophages and rat and human isolated islets treated with AEA, IL-1β or high glucose. (nature.com)
  • Galanin injection inhibits glucose induced insulin release from mouse pancreatic islets. (diabetesobesity.org.uk)
  • The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. (cambridge.org)
  • In general, it can be stated that 4 weeks of aerobic exercise improves cognitive impairments and motor dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (ac.ir)
  • In vitro study showed that exendin-4 (the active ingredient of exenatide) attenuated HUVECs injury induced by high glucose, with improving cell viability and attenuating cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Exendin-4 also significantly alleviated the increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine content, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by high glucose in HUVECs. (hindawi.com)
  • The present study is one of the few in vivo investigations for glucose-based GP inhibitors and provides data in animal models for such drug candidates. (rsc.org)
  • We will investigate the effects of exenatide on vascular endothelial injury and nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia both in vivo and in vitro and explore the role of nitrooxidative stress in endothelium-protective action of exenatide. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent evidence has indicated that the vascular endothelial injury induced by hyperglycemia is associated with the enhanced nitrooxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Normalization of circulating glucose in the rat model by either insulin or phlorizin treatment did not result in a reduction in membrane PKC isozyme protein or kinase activity. (jci.org)
  • For patients who respond inadequately following 8 to 12 weeks of treatment, as determined by reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the dose may be increased to 8 mg daily as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or sulfonylurea plus metformin. (healthyplace.com)
  • In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exenatide treatment can alleviate the vascular endothelial injury, as well as attenuating the nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia, implying that the endothelium-protective effect of exenatide might be related to the reduction of nitrooxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
  • 1. Aksu I, Topcu A, Camsari UM, Acikgoz O. Effect of acute and chronic exercise on oxidant-antioxidant equilibriumin in rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum. (ac.ir)
  • Further evaluation in vitro using rat and human hepatocytes demonstrated that compound 5h is a anti-hyperglycaemic drug candidates performing slightly better than DAB used as a positive control. (rsc.org)
  • In vitro study showed that, compared with control group, the DM rats exhibited a lowered endothelium-dependent relaxation and damaged structural integrity of thoracic aortas, and there was a significant increase in plasma nitrotyrosine concentration. (hindawi.com)
  • Activation of PPARγ nuclear receptors regulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes involved in the control of glucose production, transport, and utilization. (globalrph.com)
  • rent hyperglycemia, accounts for ninety to ninety-five circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 percent of diagnosed diabetic patients (1). (health-abstracts.com)
  • However, the recent ACCORD and ADVANCE trials in patients with longstanding T2DM have shown that aggressive glucose control in such patients has no clear benefits, or may even increase CVD events (3). (ddw-online.com)
  • The group I rats were marked as control while rats of group II & III were administered vanadyl sulphate 0.06mg/day and 0.3mg/day respectively. (nutrahacker.com)
  • To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. (cambridge.org)
  • The 2-naphthyl substituted glucose-based spiro-oxathiazole 5h , identified as one of the most potent GP inhibitors ( K i = 160 nM against RMGPb) could be produced on the gram-scale from this strategy. (rsc.org)
  • Produced by using a view to overcoming the shortcomings of phlorizin, SGLT2 inhibitors represented a brand new mechanism to handle hyperglycemia that acted independently of insulin and irrespective of patients, glycemic status. (cftrpathway.com)