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David StrachanMicroflora hypothesisBiological hypothesesInfectious diseasesMisnomerGerm-free environmentStrachan'sExposure to microbesEbolaExposuresPracticesAntibioticsSurfacesCleanlinessIncidenceInfectionOral hygieneInfectionsIndicatorsIdeaChildhoodDiseaseLackImmuneDiseasesTermRoleExplainSchoolLinkFriendsLifeAlternativeImportantPoorStudyTime
David Strachan3
  • The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989, when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever during the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. David Strachan first proposed this link in an article that appeared in the BMJ in 1989. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It began back in 1989, when a doctor named David Strachan observed younger siblings were less susceptible to eczema and asthma. (loopvanuatu.com)
Microflora hypothesis2
  • The updates have been given various names, including the microbiome depletion hypothesis, the microflora hypothesis, and the "old friends" hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microflora hypothesis suggests that early life exposures are disrupting the composition of the microbiota and consequently, promoting immune dysregulation in the form of hypersensitivity disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Biological hypotheses2
  • but that is not to say that investigators conducting such studies lacked biological hypotheses for such associations. (cdc.gov)
  • The latter route may also enable discrimination between alternative model formulations repre- senting different biological hypotheses. (cdc.gov)
Infectious diseases3
  • Hygiene is essential for protecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly from infections, preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance, and combating emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola or COVID-19. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hygiene isn't the absence of germs, hygiene means practices that reduce the spread of infectious diseases - which could even mean encouraging a healthy microbiome, it does not necessarily mean sterility (depending on the context). (paloaltoonline.com)
  • Hygiene is the practices we adopt in our homes and everyday lives to protect ourselves, our families and our friends and colleague from infectious diseases. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
Misnomer2
  • The term "hygiene hypothesis" has been described as a misnomer because people incorrectly interpret it as referring to their own cleanliness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prof. Bloomfield and colleagues write that while "evidence supports the concept of immune regulation driven by microbe-host interactions, the term 'hygiene hypothesis' is a misleading misnomer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Germ-free environment1
  • While the jury is still out on what's causing the sharp increase, one of the prevailing theories is the so-called hygiene hypothesis: The idea that creating a germ-free environment for children at a young age weakens the immune system, making the body more likely to rebel against common food allergens. (paloaltoonline.com)
Strachan's4
  • Strachan's original hypothesis could not explain how various allergic conditions spiked or increased in prevalence at different times, such as why respiratory allergies began to increase much earlier than food allergies, which did not become more common until near the end of the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is known as Strachan's idea, or more commonly as the hygiene hypothesis. (womeninstemuwcsea.com)
  • An immunologist, Dr Joel Weinstock provoked mixed reactions from the scientific community when he suggested that in line with Strachan's hygiene theory [1] and Rook's 'old friend's theory, [2] that the removal from the western world of helminths, had provided the opportunity for inflammatory diseases of the bowel and elsewhere to increase in frequency. (clinicaleducation.org)
  • [3] 20 years on from Strachan's first proposals and Weinstock's hypothesis have been examined in human trials and found to be effective, and the human microbiome project has uncovered other interesting relationship's. (clinicaleducation.org)
Exposure to microbes3
  • It is essentially the idea that there is a link between the rise in allergic conditions and reduced exposure to microbes during childhood resulting from hygiene measures, such as frequent hand washing, introduced to protect children from infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In fact, Strachan in 1989 proposed the "hygiene hypothesis", which stated that lack of exposure to microbes during early infancy was at the source of This article is part of the Topical Collection on Early Life Environmental the observed increased prevalence of allergy and asthma in Health westernized populations [3, 4]. (sagepub.com)
  • A London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine study in 2004 found evidence that changing exposure to microbes could be a factor in the rise in allergies, but found no evidence that modern cleaning habits were to blame. (loopvanuatu.com)
Ebola1
  • Agencies worldwide recognise that, for threats such as new influenza strains, SARS and Ebola, hygiene is a first line of defence during the early critical period before mass measures such as vaccination become available. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
Exposures2
  • The hypothesis states that the vital microbial exposures are not colds, influenza, measles and other common childhood infections which have evolved relatively recently over the last 10,000 years, but rather the microbes already present during mammalian and human evolution, that could persist in small hunter-gatherer groups as microbiota, tolerated latent infections, or carrier states. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is no good evidence that hygiene, as the public understands, is responsible for the clinically relevant changes to microbial exposures. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Practices3
  • Because viruses are not treatable with antibiotics, preventing them with hygiene practices such as washing the hands and cleaning surfaces is paramount. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Whereas in popular culture and parlance it can often mean mere 'cleanliness', hygiene in its fullest and original meaning goes much beyond that to include all circumstances and practices, lifestyle issues, premises and commodities that engender a safe and healthy environment. (ind.in)
  • 3-4) A sugar heavy diet supporting pathogen growth, very poor oral hygiene practices, severe dental crowding, and very importantly, mouth breathing can all negatively affect the oral microbiome. (probiorahealth.com)
Antibiotics2
  • Since respiratory and intestinal viral infections are not treatable by antibiotics, prevention through hygiene is key. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • Some of these health concerns are attributed to the overuse of antibiotics and fungicides as explained by the Hygiene Hypothesis (Velasquez-Manoff, 2012 ), exposure to poor air quality, or lack of physical activity. (garynabhan.com)
Surfaces1
  • The hypothesis that the presence of fimbriae had an effect on bacterial attachment to nanostructured surfaces was verified. (niom.no)
Cleanliness2
  • On a practical level, cleanliness is thus related to hygiene and disease prevention. (ind.in)
  • The valuation of cleanliness, therefore, has a social and cultural dimension beyond the requirements of hygiene for practical purposes. (ind.in)
Incidence2
  • The incidence of rotavirus disease was observed to be similar in both industrialized and developing countries, suggesting that adequate control may not be achieved by improvements in water supply, hygiene, and sanitation. (cdc.gov)
  • This hypothesis is supported by the significant geographic variation in IBD with the highest incidence rate of IBD in North America and Europe [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection1
  • Having worse personal hygiene, such as not washing hands before eating, only increases the risk of infection without affecting the risk of allergies or immune disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Oral hygiene1
  • The use of charcoal for oral hygiene purposes has long traditions in several countries. (niom.no)
Infections3
  • The hygiene hypothesis does not suggest that having more infections during childhood would be an overall benefit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Various hypotheses suggest that early exposure to pathogens and infections can enable the body to learn how to deal with both bacteria and viruses. (womeninstemuwcsea.com)
  • Respiratory hygiene can limit spread of respiratory infections, particularly colds, but also influenza. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
Indicators1
  • The debate has yet to be settled, according to Otago University respiratory specialist Bob Hancox, but there are strong indicators that some aspects of the hypothesis may have an element of truth. (loopvanuatu.com)
Idea1
  • The idea, known as the hygiene hypothesis, was first proposed in 1989 by epidemiologist David P. Strachen, who analyzed data from 17,414 British children and found that those who had grown up with more siblings (and presumably more germs) were less likely to have allergies and eczema. (greenmtmed.com)
Childhood1
  • In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that early childhood exposure to particular microorganisms (such as the gut flora and helminth parasites) protects against allergies by strengthening the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Disease3
  • Writing in 2016, Prof. Bloomfield and team prophetically note that this is also "happening at a time when infectious disease issues mean that hygiene is becoming more, rather than less, important. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • IFH is unique because it looks at hygiene "holistically" from the point of view of the family, at home and in their everyday lives and the range of actions they need to undertake (food and water hygiene, handwashing, using the toilet, coughing and sneezing, care of pets, safe disposal of waste) in order to protect from infectious disease. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • What differs from these previous investigations is the potential for identifying various events in a continuum between an exposure and disease (NRC, 1989). (cdc.gov)
Lack1
  • Two extensively examined hypotheses are the hygiene hypothesis (lack of protective bacterial exposure which leads to subsequent allergy) and the vitamin D hypothesis (early vitamin D supplementation sensitizes newborns against allergens) … The interesting question is: Are these concepts exclusive? (wjst.de)
Immune2
  • The hygiene hypothesis has also been expanded beyond allergies, and is also studied in the context of a broader range of conditions affected by the immune system, particularly inflammatory diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies looking into the "hygiene hypothesis" believe that individuals who live in industrial countries are not exposes to as many microbes therefore their immune systems are not routinely challenged. (childdevelopmentinfo.com)
Diseases2
  • The rise of autoimmune diseases and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young people in the developed world was linked to the hygiene hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases are largely diseases of the last 100 years or so, the "hygiene revolution" of the last 200 years came under scrutiny as a possible cause. (wikipedia.org)
Term1
Role2
  • The low infectious dose observed for several of the emerging pathogens, such as E.coli O157:H7 and norovirus, is an additional concern that emphasises the role that hygiene can play in prevention. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • The results provide further support for the hypothesis that CO2 plays an important role in the host-seeking behaviour of zoophilic mosquitoes, and suggests that L-lactic acid might play a more critical role than CO2 in the attraction of An. (who.int)
Explain1
  • dailyRx asked Dunn how this hypothesis might explain Crohn's. (rxwiki.com)
School1
  • He received his Medical Degree in 1989 at Hahnemann University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. (childdevelopmentinfo.com)
Link2
  • In 2003 Graham Rook proposed the "old friends hypothesis" which has been described as a more rational explanation for the link between microbial exposure and inflammatory disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1989, he was the first one to link the rising rates of allergic illnesses in the UK with improvements in living standards since the industrial revolution. (womeninstemuwcsea.com)
Friends1
  • Although the "hygiene revolution" of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries may have been a major factor, it now seems more likely that, while public health measures such as sanitation, potable water and garbage collection were instrumental in reducing our exposure to cholera, typhoid and so on, they also deprived people of their exposure to the "old friends" that occupy the same environmental habitats. (wikipedia.org)
Life4
  • What is home and everyday life hygiene? (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • In 2018 IFH published a consensus report which sets out why hygiene in home and everyday life is such an important part of public health, and what needs to be done to change hygiene understanding and hygiene behaviour as a means to tackle some of the key present day health issues such as reducing antibiotic resistance and reducing pressure on our health systems. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • Why is home and everyday life hygiene so important? (ifh-homehygiene.org)
  • Social, demographic and other changes mean that the importance of hygiene in home and everyday life is increasing rather than decreasing. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
Alternative2
  • Two alternative hypotheses to describe the process of the disappearance of longer fibers were tested by assessing their effect on a quantitative measure of fit of model predictions to the lung-burden data. (cdc.gov)
  • The alternative hypothesis is that there are differences between the S. mutans CFU count between AM and RC restorations. (bvsalud.org)
Important1
  • La présente étude a analysé les réponses sous le vent d'Anopheles stephensi, de type mysorensis, un important vecteur du paludisme en Asie, au dioxyde de carbone et à l'acide lactique L en laboratoire. (who.int)
Poor1
  • While the jury is indeed still out on the cause, the mainstream of the research community seems to have long moved beyond this interpretation, which is currently viewed as dangerous in an urban-legend-like way, encouraging poor hygiene. (paloaltoonline.com)
Study2
  • Cite this: Farm Living Study Confirms the Hygiene Hypothesis - Medscape - Sep 16, 2016. (medscape.com)
  • In 1989 , we compared the City of Munich and Upper Bavaria in a big study. (wjst.de)
Time1
  • Part A: Is it Time to Close the Shutters on the "Open-Window" Hypothesis? (frontiersin.org)