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HydrolysisCarbohydratesCarbohydrate MetabolismDietary CarbohydratesCarbohydrate SequenceCarbohydrate ConformationKineticsOligosaccharidesMolecular Sequence DataAdenosine TriphosphateStarchAntigens, Tumor-Associated, CarbohydratePolysaccharidesSubstrate SpecificityLectinsGlycoside HydrolasesAmino Acid SequenceHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationGlycosylationMonosaccharidesMannoseGlucoseGlycoproteinsGalactoseBinding SitesAmino AcidsAdenosine TriphosphatasesDietary FatsDisaccharidesPhosphatidylinositolsGlycopeptidesDietary ProteinsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidSucroseProtein BindingMolecular WeightCatalysisGuanosine TriphosphateDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedEscherichia coliElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelModels, MolecularMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyEnergy IntakeBlood GlucoseFucosePlant LectinsFructoseHexosesFermentationDextrinsSialic AcidsGlycoconjugatesTrisaccharidesCattleChromatography, GelEnergy MetabolismChromatography, Thin LayerEstersAcetylglucosamineGlucosaminePeriodic AcidGlycosidesLiverCelluloseAmino SugarsBacterial ProteinsCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesGlycogenRecombinant ProteinsProtein ConformationMaltoseChemistryInsulinChemical PhenomenaAdenosine DiphosphateDietLactoseAcetylgalactosamineStructure-Activity RelationshipDietary FiberChromatography, Ion ExchangeLipaseTemperatureAmidohydrolasesFatty AcidsMutationPhosphatesCell MembraneMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryBase SequenceGlycolipidsTime FactorsChromatography, PaperLipid MetabolismHexosaminesMass SpectrometryOxidation-ReductionNeuraminic Acids

Enzymatic HydrolysisGlucoseBiomassProteinsPolysaccharidesMonosaccharidesGlycogenLipidsCelluloseAcid hydrolysisStarch hydrolysisComplex carbohydratesPolymersSugarsRich in carbohydratesAcidicDigestionMonosaccharideIntake of carbohydratesOxidationThin layer chromatoMethylChemicalCarbonFermentableSynthesisDegradationCompoundsResiduesProteinCompositionIngredientAnalysisNutritional

Enzymatic Hydrolysis13

• The sugar profile of a confectioner's syrup can also be mimicked by enzymatic hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
• In the present paper, a new analytical procedure is presented, based on the reductive amination of the carbohydrates obtained via acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides before quantification by means of high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and UV-detection. (degruyter.com)
• This approach was suitable for the analysis of neutral carbohydrates and uronic acids obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis from bleached pulps. (degruyter.com)
• In the case of unbleached pulps, the enzymatic hydrolysis was not complete and unhydrolyzed nano-scaled and micro-scaled particles remained in the hydrolysates as detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. (degruyter.com)
• For this purpose, partners planned to obtain a deeper knowledge about the structural components of sugarcane biomass and the impact of pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. (europa.eu)
• Pre-treatment involves opening the lignocellulosic fibre structure, and exposing it for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. (europa.eu)
• The enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester bonds enables to recover the corresponding free phenolic acids that are bioactive compounds and platform molecules for. (researchgate.net)
• In this study, the potential of isothermal calorimetry technique to measure heat and kinetics of a non-homogeneous substrate enzymatic hydrolysis is intended. (researchgate.net)
• Using a strong acid pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to break down the cellulose into glucose, the alfalfa stalks were fractionated then analyzed using ultraviolet spectroscopy with anthrone as an indicator for glucose content. (confex.com)
• Substance obtained by acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed animals composed primarily of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. (europa.eu)
• The methods used, included: enzymatic hydrolysis with B. licheniformis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with S3 and A1. (scialert.net)
• The enzymatic hydrolysis has allowed to obtain 78% (g g -1 ) of reducers sugars released. (scialert.net)
• RNA sequencing identified blue light as a major constraint in the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric carbohydrates and acquisition of sugars, despite acting as a stimulus for inorganic carbon sequestration. (nih.gov)

Glucose15

• Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. (wikipedia.org)
• Depending on the method used to hydrolyse the starch and on the extent to which the hydrolysis reaction has been allowed to proceed, different grades of glucose syrup are produced, which have different characteristics and uses. (wikipedia.org)
• The original glucose syrups were manufactured by acid hydrolysis of corn starch at high temperature and pressure. (wikipedia.org)
• Maltose is also less humectant than glucose, so candy produced with high-maltose syrup will not become sticky as easily as candy produced with a standard glucose syrup.p. 81 Irrespective of the feedstock or the method used for hydrolysis, certain steps are common to the production of glucose syrup: Before conversion of starch to glucose can begin, the starch must be separated from the plant material. (wikipedia.org)
• Glucose syrup can be produced by acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, or a combination of the two. (wikipedia.org)
• Along with starch, which is a polymer of glucose, the usable carbohydrates found in foodstuffs are largely in the form of sugars. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• Alkyl polyglycosides have a common metabolic fate that involves hydrolysis of the ß-glycosidic bond to the fatty alcohol and glucose. (europa.eu)
• Glucose and glucose oligomers enter the carbohydrate metabolic pathway and are catabolised. (europa.eu)
• These agents lower postprandial glucose by slowing glucose absorption and delaying the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharide. (medscape.com)
• Slowed starch digestion can theoretically increase satiety by modulating glucose "spiking" and depletion that occurs after carbohydrate-rich meals. (cranberryinstitute.org)
• The energy required to power the human body begins with the consumption of food, and the subsequent extraction by the body of the carbohydrate-based sugars, known as glucose and glycogen. (encyclopedia.com)
• Simple carbohydrates are the simple chemical structures of monosaccharides, or single sugars, such as glucose and fructose. (encyclopedia.com)
• When the intake of carbohydrates exceeds that which can be stored and converted to energy as glycogen or glucose, the body will store the excess carbohydrates as fat, often leading to weight gain. (encyclopedia.com)
• The body extracts carbohydrates from food sources through a process known as hydrolysis, whereby the warm fluids, commencing with the saliva in the mouth and concluding with the action of the small intestine, break down the carbohydrates in the food into glucose. (encyclopedia.com)
• When you eat carbohydrates, your body processes them with insulin, which shuttles blood glucose into fat stores, leaving you hungry. (dictionary.com)

Biomass6

• Carbohydrates constitute the biggest part of the biomass on Earth. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• J148] Y Jiang, W Chen, Y Sun, Z Li, X Tang, X Zeng, L Lin, S Liu 2016 One-pot conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into 5-[(formyloxy) methyl] furfural: A novel alternative platform chemical. (esf.edu)
• Also, hydrolysis of biomass can be followed by the oligosaccharide patterns. (boku.ac.at)
• Fribous (lignocellulosic) is the second major source of carbohydrates in hard woods and vegetable biomass, so its fermentation is essential for the economic conversion of starch to ethanol, which may provide an ideal alternative fuel source in the future ( Lin and Tanaka, 2006 ). (scialert.net)
• Considering that the main potential feedstock (biomass) for producing bioethanol is composed of carbohydrates, which include starch, cellulose and hemicelluloses, among others, the use of enzymes to break down these oligosaccharides into easily fermentable sugars is a requirement, previous to conducting the fermentation ( Kim and Dale, 2004 ). (scialert.net)
• Eva Nordberg Karlsson works within the fields of enzymology and microbiology, with a focus on production and biomolecular development of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes for hydrolysis (oligo- and monosaccharides) and trans-glycosylation reactions (for glycoconjugates such as surfactants and antioxidants), using the carbohydrate polymers of the biomass as the starting material. (lu.se)

Proteins7

• or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
• Polymeric materials such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are primarily hydrolyzed by extracellular, hydrolases, excreted by microbes present in Stage 1 (Fig. 4-1). (fao.org)
• ATP synthesis requires energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. (beforethemusicdies.com)
• Foods are divided for nutritional purposes into three basic groups: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. (encyclopedia.com)
• Physical health will generally be maintained with a diet that comprises from 60% to 65% carbohydrates, 12-15% proteins, and less than 30% fat. (encyclopedia.com)
• Hydrolysates are highly processed and involve further efforts to break apart the proteins into smaller peptide chains removing fats, carbohydrates, and other protein non-essentials. (dictionary.com)
• Laura Katz, the company's founder, plans to use microbes to synthesize the milk's constituent compounds-proteins, carbohydrates, and fats-and then recombine them into a nutritious liquid. (dictionary.com)

Polysaccharides3

• The exact quantification of all carbohydrate constituents in wood and pulp is a challenge because of the various glycosidic linkages of the polysaccharides with different stabilities. (degruyter.com)
• Driselase digestion of cell walls produces disaccharides characteristic of some of the major cell wall polysaccharides, while hydrolysis with TFA yields monosaccharides. (bl.uk)
• Complex carbohydrates are composed of complex sugars known as polysaccharides, of which glycogen is the most prominent example. (encyclopedia.com)

Monosaccharides1

• The pancreatic enzyme amylase and brush border enzymes on microvilli lyse carbohydrates and disaccharides into constituent monosaccharides. (msdmanuals.com)

Glycogen2

• Your muscles run on a substance called glycogen, which your body makes from carbohydrates. (dictionary.com)
• A group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of STARCH or GLYCOGEN. (bvsalud.org)

Lipids3

• Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
• It may contain impurities consisting chiefly of carbohydrates and lipids along with smaller quantities of miscellaneous organic substances of biological origin. (europa.eu)
• Patrick Adlercreutz researches enzyme technology, focusing on the use of enzymes for production of carbohydrate-based surfactants, oligosaccharides (prebiotics), lipids, and chiral building blocks (used for, e.g., pharmaceuticals). (lu.se)

Cellulose3

• Hemicellulose is an amorphous polymer with a much lower degree of polymerization compared to cellulose which is therefore more susceptible to hydrothermal extraction and/or hydrolysis. (boku.ac.at)
• Sugars, starches, and cellulose are all carbohydrates. (dictionary.com)
• 8. von Schantz L, Schagerlöf H, Nordberg-Karlsson E, Ohlin M. ( 2014 ) Characterization of the substitution pattern of cellulose derivatives using carbohydrate-binding modules. (lu.se)

Acid hydrolysis1

• Higher DE syrups made by acid hydrolysis tend to have a bitter taste and a dark colour, due to the production of hydroxymethylfurfural and other byproducts.p. 26 This type of product is now manufactured using a continuous converting process and is still widely used due to the low cost of acid hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)

Starch hydrolysis2

• What sugar is formed as an intermediate in starch hydrolysis? (flashcardmachine.com)
• It was hypothesized that tannins could bind to the digestive enzymes -amylase and glucoamylase, thereby inhibiting starch hydrolysis. (cranberryinstitute.org)

Complex carbohydrates2

• Hydrolysis introduces an enzyme catalyst that releases the fermentable sugars from the more complex carbohydrates. (europa.eu)
• Carbohydrates are divided into two general groupings: simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. (encyclopedia.com)

Polymers2

• In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
• The extremophile Thermotoga maritima possesses a remarkable array of carbohydrate-processing metabolic systems, including the hydrolysis of cellulosic polymers. (rcsb.org)

Sugars1

• The further the hydrolysis process proceeds, the more reducing sugars are produced, and the higher the DE. (wikipedia.org)

Rich in carbohydrates2

• green vegetables, fruits, and dairy products are also rich in carbohydrates. (encyclopedia.com)
• Acrylamide is formed in foods that are rich in carbohydrates when they are fried, grilled, or baked. (cdc.gov)

Acidic1

• The advantage of methanolysis ocer acidic hydrolysis is the preservation and quantification of uronic acids, which are otherwise degraded under total hydrolysis conditions. (boku.ac.at)

Digestion3

• In this screencast, learners examine the steps of carbohydrate digestion. (wisc-online.com)
• The methods used were Driselase digestion and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis. (bl.uk)
• As an initial screen the products of the two assays (Driselase digestion and TFA hydrolysis) were separated by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. (bl.uk)

Monosaccharide1

• Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharide units, each of which has a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone group) and several hydroxyl groups. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Intake of carbohydrates1

• This microbiological balance can be modified by a higher intake of carbohydrates, thus increasing the acidogenic bacterial population that is responsible for the demineralization and destruction of tooth surfaces leading to carious lesions 3 . (bvsalud.org)

Oxidation2

• any of a class of organic compounds that are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or change to such substances on simple chemical transformations, as hydrolysis, oxidation, or reduction, and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people. (dictionary.com)
• Bee bread samples of stingless bee ( Heterotrigona itama ) collected from Kelantan (east coast), Selangor (central) and Perak (northern) regions of Malaysia were subjected to nutritional analysis using standard hydrolysis and oxidation methods. (ijpsonline.com)

Thin layer chromato1

• ALICE core facility offers a much better solution for the characterization of low molecular weight carbohydrates and carbohydrate degradation products, namely high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), in a fully automated setup. (boku.ac.at)

Methyl1

• Catalytic mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of a glucuronic acid methyl ester (with the sugar moiety shown as R) by OtCE15A. (lu.se)

Chemical1

• While it is commonly stated that the body "burns" its stored carbohydrates, the actual chemical process has an additional component. (encyclopedia.com)

Carbon1

• Carbohydrates are compounds formed from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. (encyclopedia.com)

Fermentable1

• A further development of the overexpression technique can lead to faster growth, increased concentration of fermentable carbohydrates, and larger crop yields. (confex.com)

Synthesis1

• The processes for dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. (wisc-online.com)

Degradation1

• Biorefinery streams quite often contain some amounts of carbohydrates and their degradation products with low degree of polymerization. (boku.ac.at)

Compounds2

• Here, we show that these GL34 compounds are largely resistant to the hydrolytic activities of common carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. (springer.com)
• 2007 ). Our work aims to stimulate the growth of health-promoting probiotic gut bacteria by using newly synthesized non-digestible carbohydrates, i.e., prebiotic compounds. (springer.com)

Residues1

• In the present study, the utilization of some agricultural residues (like mango residues) containing carbohydrates for the production of bioethanol was evaluated. (scialert.net)

Protein1

• Practically, however, protein and carbohydrate are essential, and it is better to have a mixture of all three. (dictionary.com)

Composition1

• The amount and composition of carbohydrates in a sample can reveal a wide range of information, depending on the context. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Ingredient1

• Raisins, being extremely high in carbohydrate , are especially valuable as an ingredient. (dictionary.com)

Analysis1

• These are just two of the many applications of carbohydrate analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Nutritional1

• In the food industry, carbohydrate and sugar content are notable for being key factors in determining the nutritional value of food and drink. (sigmaaldrich.com)