Hydrogen isotopic ratio. Medical search. Frequent questions

Isotopes of hydrogen from that vapor may or may not show evidence of how Mars lost its liquid water, and whether life could have existed on a planet that is thought to have morphed from something Earthlike into a freezing dystopian hellscape. (syfy.com)
Trigo-Rodriguez and Martin Torres studied how hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes reacted with their environments on Earth and Titan. (space.com)
Although deuterium, like all isotopes, has nearly identical chemical reactions to the non-isotopic hydrogen, the extra mass retards chemical reaction rate s. (everything2.com)
The elements hydrogen and oxygen appear in nature in various forms, called isotopes, which differ in neutron number. (nautil.us)
By measuring the relative abundance of these isotopes in a water sample using a technique called mass spectrometry, scientists can determine its "isotope ratio. (nautil.us)
Such effects come to light most distinctly when the differences between the isotopes are particularly large, like those of hydrogen. (chemistryviews.org)
In nature, hydrogen is found as 1 H (protium, H), 2 H (deuterium, D), and 3 H (tritium, T). Additional isotopes have been synthesized in the lab, including some exotic atoms that contain other elementary particles. (chemistryviews.org)
They were particularly interested in a comparison between the hydrogen isotopes H, D, T, and Mu, as well as a heavy exotic isotope. (chemistryviews.org)
Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
By analyzing them, researchers can determine a compound's isotopic signature, the unique ratio of various isotopes that serve as a fingerprint. (naturalnews.com)
Earlier studies targeted the isotopes of hydrogen and nitrogen. (naturalnews.com)
However, oxygen isotopes have two advantages over their hydrogen and nitrogen counterparts. (naturalnews.com)
Whereas both hydrogen and nitrogen have two, oxygen has three stable isotopes . (naturalnews.com)
Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δ²H) isotopes have been used to characterize hydrocarbons for exploration, development and production since the 1960s, and have re-emerged as predictive tools with the development of unconventional "tight" oil and gas plays. (onepetro.org)
Maturities derived from carbon and hydrogen isotopes can serve as controls in regional maturity maps, which are used to help define areas of oil, wet gas and dry gas production. (onepetro.org)
Harold Urey's equally seminal contribution was his classic paper "The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances", also published in 1947, in which he calculated the equilibrium separation factors for isotopes of the light elements in chemical reactions and solid-liquid-vapor phase equilibria, based on quantum mechanics and spectroscopic data on isotopic molecules. (balzan.org)
He did, however, use the Task 6 report's differentiation for isotopes because many DOE estimates did not have all of the distribution of isotopic ratios. (cdc.gov)
In recent decades, the natural abundances of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (represented as 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N ratios, respectively) have been widely used to probe biogeochemical and ecological processes. (springeropen.com)
As our knowledge of the distributions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in organic matter and the factors controlling them has accumulated, the scope of isotopic measurements has greatly expanded. (springeropen.com)

A method for the oxidation and nitrogen isotopic analysis of photopigments (chlorophyll and phaeophytin) has been developed. (uncg.edu)
collected from nonpolluted northwest coast was higher as compared to the average δ15N contents (8.0‰ air) of Ulva from the Manora Channel, suggesting that nitrogen isotopic ratios of Ulva spp. (intechopen.com)
We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. (springeropen.com)
Although the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of diverse types of organic matter were measured and discussed by the pioneers of isotope geochemistry (e.g. (springeropen.com)
An important application of the analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions is in ecological studies. (springeropen.com)

The combination of hydrogeochemical, isotopic, statistical, and GIS approaches demonstrates that the salinity and the groundwater composition are largely controlled by the water-rock interaction particularly the dissolution of evaporate minerals and the ion exchange process, the return flow of the irrigation water, agricultural fertilizers, and finally saltwater intrusion which started before 1980 and which is partially mitigated by the artificial recharge since 1993. (hindawi.com)
Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. (copernicus.org)
Isotopic composition of carbon in CO2 from fluid inclusions in minerals - continuous flow-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry method. (copernicus.org)
The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition δ 2 H and δ 18 O of leaf and lake water reflects the isotopic composition of source water/precipitation modified by evapo(transpi)rative enrichment. (copernicus.org)
The carbon isotopic composition of an organism mainly reflects its dietary signature (DeNiro and Epstein 1978 ), and coordinated isotopic measurements of organisms provide a unique approach to describing the dietary habits of animals, a macroscale ecological phenomenon. (springeropen.com)
Reassessment of the NH 4 NO 3 thermal decomposition technique for calibration of the N 2 O isotopic composition. (mpg.de)
The vertical profiles of water vapor and its semi-heavy hydrogen isotope HDO provided by instruments on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter constitute a unique new data set to understand the Martian water cycle including its isotopic composition. (unibas.it)

This stepwise lightening of the isotopic signature was consistent with isotopic fractionation during each of these steps, although no clear Rayleigh fractionation relationship was discernable. (uncg.edu)
1957 ), the isotopic fractionation associated with various biochemical reactions was only determined precisely after some time (e.g. (springeropen.com)
This 15 N-enrichment is a reflection of biochemical processes that accompany significant isotopic fractionation. (springeropen.com)
As water vapor undergoes hydrogen isotopic fractionation upon deposition (but not sublimation), the D/H isotopic ratio in water is a tracer of phase transitions, and a key quantity to understand the long-term history of water on Mars. (unibas.it)
Our work provides evidence that the variability of the D/H ratio in the lower and middle atmosphere of Mars is controlled by fractionation on water ice clouds, and thus modulated by diurnally and seasonally varying cloud formation. (unibas.it)

Although isotopic offsets for each step of the mixed matrix samples varied considerably, they all yielded end products which were substantially isotopically depleted (up to -12‰) relative to bulk isotopic values of the starting material. (uncg.edu)
As a tool for investigating complex systems, compound-specific isotopic analysis compensates the intrinsic disadvantages of bulk isotopic signatures. (springeropen.com)

The light form of hydrogen (H), escapes from Mars more easily than its heavier form, deuterium (D). Over time, this leads to an enrichment of D, and the D to H ratio tells us about the amount of water in the past, and how water is being stored on Mars. (syfy.com)
This is known because the Deuterium/Hydrogen ratios of our oceans do not match the ratios found in comets. (space.com)
Heavy water gains its name from the isotope deuterium replacing normal hydrogen . (everything2.com)
From this, it is possible to conclude, that the adaptation to 2 Н 2 О is determined both by taxonomic specifity of the organism, and peculiarities of the metabolism, as well as by functioning of various ways of accimilation of hydrogen (deuterium) substrates, as well as evolutionary level, which an object itself occupies. (o8ode.ru)
Hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotopic ratios are strongly correlated in precipitation over time and space, defining the meteoric water line, and the slope of this δD‐δ 18 O relationship reflects covariations of deuterium excess (d‐excess) with δD or δ 18 O. This δD‐δ 18 O line provides a tool for inferring hydrologic processes from the evaporation source to condensation site. (nsf.gov)

Elementar is a market-leading supplier of Elemental Analysis (EA), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) instrumentation in the United Kingdom. (labbulletin.com)
d15N of bulk samples and chlorophyll extracts were determined with an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) with an Elemental Analysis (EA) Interface. (uncg.edu)
The N2O is analyzed on an IRMS to provide the d15N ratio of the product. (uncg.edu)
We also encourage people working with all techniques (IRMS-, NMR- or spectroscopy-based) to present advances in methods, as well as researchers focusing on improving oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based models to discuss their approaches. (copernicus.org)

As the temperature of the system increases, more number of hydrogen atoms may fuse with more number of Nickel atoms liberating more heat energy. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)

And in a 2014 study, Stephen Good, at Oregon State University, and his colleagues used isotopic differences between tap water and local precipitation to determine where people in the American West get their water. (nautil.us)
In their study, the Dartmouth-led team quantified that link by measuring the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation from 1990 to 2012 at six sites across the Arctic. (sciencedaily.com)
Their approach is based on the premise that Arctic precipitation is composed mostly of water from two marine evaporation regions, or "moisture sources" -- one subtropical and one local -- and that the relative contributions of the two sources to the precipitation can be determined from the stable isotopic ratios of the precipitation. (sciencedaily.com)
Using snow pit measurements, we demonstrate that precipitation isotopic signals translate to the snowpack. (nsf.gov)

We also summarize two recently examined topics with new datasets: the isotopic compositions of individual biosynthetic products (chlorophylls and amino acids) and those of animal organs for further pursuing the basis of the methodology. (springeropen.com)
The isotopic compositions of these elements provide process-related and source information. (springeropen.com)

The isotopic distributions of carbon and nitrogen in a single organism as well as in the whole biosphere are strongly regulated, so that their major components such as amino acids are coordinated appropriately rather than controlled separately. (springeropen.com)
But these rocks are thought to have been relatively poor in light elements such as hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen because these would have been preferentially blown away from the inner disc of the early Solar System. (technologyreview.com)

We have been examining these problems by modeling the effects of loading the atmosphere with H2, characterizing the stable isotopic (D/H) variability of atmospheric H2, and determining the isotopic characteristics of H2 of different origins. (caltech.edu)

Outgassing and collisional processing on both worlds led to the production of molecular nitrogen-dominated atmospheres with similar isotopic ratios of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. (space.com)

Isotopic signatures in the coma of 67P and their relation to the origin of cometary material. (esa.int)

Lipid biomarkers and carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios from the lake indicate the existence of regional humid climatic periods between 84,000 and 80,000 years BP and between 50,000 and 39,000 BP. (wikipedia.org)

To achieve this, we consider the processes sequentially, first describing the isotopic relationships between substrates and autotrophs. (springeropen.com)

In this paper, hydrogen-oxygen and carbon stable isotope technology, and physiological index measurements were applied to determine the leaf traits, water-use efficiency, and photosynthetic characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis leaves in dry and foggy seasons, hoping to expound the adaptation mechanism of I. hainanensis leaves to the water dynamics in dry and foggy seasons. (mdpi.com)
In order to study temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric CH 4 quantitatively, we originally improved a measurement system for carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios (δ 13 C and δD) of CH 4 to attain high-precision measurements. (go.jp)
The system consists mainly of aCH 4 preconcentration device and a continuous-flow gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer equipped with a combustion furnace and a pyrolysis furnace for measurements of δ 13 C and δD. (go.jp)

Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) is one of the most important energy sources for subseafloor chemolithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems in the deep-sea hydrothermal environments. (elsevierpure.com)
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the tenth most abundant molecule in earth's atmosphere, and the second most abundant reduced gas, after methane. (caltech.edu)

Because of the resulting differences in mass ratios, isotope effects can significantly influence the formation and breaking of chemical bonds in the course of chemical reactions. (chemistryviews.org)
Historically, this field started as early as the 1930s, when a custom-made mass spectrometer was constructed to measure subtle differences in the isotopic ratios of natural carbon (Nier and Gulbransen 1939 ). (springeropen.com)

Thus shells precipitated from seawater should have higher 18 O/16O ratios than shells formed in fresh water, which could provide a method for distinguishing fossil origins. (balzan.org)

The analysis of the non-metallic elements like carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and chlorine can deliver powerful insight into many scientific questions. (labbulletin.com)

In summary, the session will offer an overview on oxygen and hydrogen applications across different ecosystems in order to facilitate the interpretation of compound-specific isotope patterns. (copernicus.org)

Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. (springer.com)
This session aims to bring together scientists from different fields applying single and dual oxygen and hydrogen isotope approaches on environmental-derived compounds for the reconstruction of climatic and biological processes that go beyond standard isotope analyses of water. (copernicus.org)

During Ni-H collisions, proton (of the hydrogen atom) combines with the Nickel nucleus and electron (of the hydrogen atom) combines with the Nickel electronic shell and forms Copper with no emission of alpha or beta or gamma rays. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
or mole number of such Ni-H atomic fusions, as hydrogen atom is losing its identity, binding energy of electron is converted into heat energy of ~1.3×106 joules. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
It is `heavy' because each of the hydrogen atom s has an additional neutron . (everything2.com)
The threshold zones are placed against a carrier material or close to vol. zones of metals or metal layers, composed of metals capable of absorbing \-1 atom% of hydrogen or its isotope. (rexresearch.com)

Isotopic ratios operate as evolutionary chronometers," Villanueva said. (syfy.com)

Embodiments of a method for processing radioacive materials, with a particular embodiment comprising processing uranium with hydrogen isotope plasmas, and a process for remediation of nuclear wastes by transmutation. (rexresearch.com)

The principles drawn from the isotopic distributions disentangle the complex dynamics of the biosphere and allow the interactions between the geosphere and biosphere to be analyzed in detail. (springeropen.com)

The δD H2 values in the high-temperature fluids were between -405‰ and -330‰, indicating the achievement of the hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between H 2 and H 2 O at around the hydrothermal end-member temperature. (elsevierpure.com)
Since the δD H2 change in low-temperature environments is not well explained by the very sluggish abiotic thermal isotopic equilibrium between H 2 and H 2 O, it could be associated with (micro)biological H 2 -consuming and/or H 2 -generating metabolisms that would strongly promote the isotopic equilibrium at low temperatures. (elsevierpure.com)
Fumarole temperature from hydrogen isotopic ratios. (si.edu)
Tsunogai and others (2011) describe a method of using hydrogen isotope ratios to determine fumarolic temperature. (si.edu)

We now have a new view in 3D of how water rises, circulates and its isotopic signature is transformed in the Martin atmosphere," he said. (syfy.com)
and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. (springer.com)
During World War II , certain lakes in Northern Europe with a greater than normal ratio of heavy to normal water were important military objective s for both the Allies and the Axis. (everything2.com)
These maps pinpoint an object's origins by the isotope ratio in the water. (nautil.us)
And as it turns out, the isotope ratio of water varies dramatically from place to place. (nautil.us)
Scientists have similarly used water isotope ratios to suss out the geographic origin of grapes in vintage West Coast wines, and to aid in the identification of murder victims and ancient human remains using bone or hair samples. (nautil.us)
The annually resolved chronologies were developed from this data using a site-specific layer-counting methodology which employed seasonally varying trace chemical species and water isotope ratios, combined with a volcanic horizon alignment approach. (copernicus.org)
We find no evidence of other processes or reservoirs that would have a significant impact on the D/H ratio in water vapor. (unibas.it)
In the crystal, the water mol-ecule links the mol-ecules into chains through O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds. (who.int)

The hydrogen from that vapor is escaping the atmosphere. (syfy.com)

They looked at data recorded by the Cassini-Huygens probe to better understand the isotopic ratios in Titan's dense, hazy atmosphere . (space.com)
isotopic analysis of the ratio of N14 and N15 in the Earth's atmosphere. (technologyreview.com)

Costech Instruments - 4010 Elemental Combustion System (EA) for C, N and S isotope ratio determinations. (ucr.edu)

Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. (springer.com)

The isotopic ratio of the Arrhenius prefactor ( A H / A D = 0.003), as well as the isotopic difference in the activation energies (19 kJ mol -1 ), indicated that quantum mechanical tunneling plays a role in the reaction. (allergy-link.com)

What's more, he says, researchers realized isotope ratios "varied in predictable ways. (nautil.us)
In 2012, researchers in Scotland reported that the isotope ratios of imitation scotch whiskies did not match those of true Scottish origin, suggesting they hailed from somewhere else. (nautil.us)

For isotopic analysis, the resulting nitrate/nitrite was converted to N2O at the USGS Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) using a strain of bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens, which lacks N2O-reductase activity. (uncg.edu)

This study investigated stable isotope ratios of H 2 in 20°-375°C hydrothermal fluids to evaluate usefulness of the isotope ratio as a tracer to explore the H 2 - metabolisms. (elsevierpure.com)

Prior to the observation, we developed an improved analytical method for the determination of concentration and stable isotope ratio of H 2 . (elsevierpure.com)

The isotopic values are measured on a mass spectrometer, relative to respective reference gases. (go.jp)
The distinct carbon isotopic values of C 3 and C 4 plants are widely used to reconstruct past hydroclimate, where more C 3 plants reflect wetter and C 4 plants drier conditions. (copernicus.org)
Here we examine the impact of regional hydroclimatic conditions on plant isotopic values in the Godavari River basin, India. (copernicus.org)
Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope values show a strong correlation to both initial and cumulative GOR for the unconventional Niobrara and Codell intervals of Wattenberg Field. (onepetro.org)

In extreme cases, isotopic substitution can even cause a fundamental change in the type of chemical bond, as reported by scientists in the journal Angewandte Chemie . (chemistryviews.org)
In addition, they are the first indication that isotopic substitution can change the nature of chemical bonding in a profound manner. (chemistryviews.org)

Delta + XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IANOSCH) linked to the HTC furnaces via a ConFlowIII. (mpg.de)

Being that the Sun is so bright, it provides excellent sensitivities, while the large slant path of the observations increases our capability to detect trace and isotopic species. (syfy.com)

In general, biosignatures can be grouped into ten broad categories: Isotope patterns: Isotopic evidence or patterns that require biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
Thanks in part to such isotopic evidence, we have come to understand our living planet more clearly. (springeropen.com)

Natural mixed matrix samples exhibited irreproducible isotopic results following both extractions and oxidation. (uncg.edu)

This method first uses extraction and purification of photopigments by column chromatography, followed by UV irradiation to convert photopigment N to nitrate and nitrite in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. (uncg.edu)

These data can help predict fluid type, API gravity, and gas-oil ratio (GOR), all of which can help guide land acquisition and development decisions. (onepetro.org)

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science2

Isotopes19

Nitrogen isotopic5

Composition7

Fractionation5

Bulk isotopic2

Deuterium5

IRMS4

Atoms1

Precipitation4

Compositions2

Carbon and nitrogen2

Variability1

Atmospheres1

Signatures1

Lipid1

Substrates1

Measurements3

Molecular2

Differences2

Seawater1

Sulfur1

Compound-specific1

Approaches2

Atom4

Evolutionary1

Plasmas1

Distributions1

Temperature4

Water9

Escaping the atmosphere1

Atmosphere2

Elemental1

Reflects1

Reaction1

Researchers2

Analysis1

Tracer1

Concentration1

Values4

Chemical2

Mass1

Increases1

Evidence2

Natural1

Method1

Fluid1