• Here, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has broad applications in electrochemical devices, but it often requires expensive and scarce Ir-based catalysts in acid electrolyte. (osti.gov)
  • Although there is a general recognition of the beneficial effect of oxidative treatments on Cu-based catalysts in the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), the mechanisms through which the enhancement is realized remain a topic of considerable discussion. (nature.com)
  • Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is very important but not efficient due to high cost of the noble metal containing catalysts or low performance of the non noble metal based catalysts. (magnusgroup.org)
  • In a discovery that could lead to the development of novel catalysts that do not rely on expensive rare metals, scientists have shown that the optimal binding energy can deviate from traditional calculations, which are based on equilibrium thermodynamics, at high reaction rates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to Ryuhei Nakamura, head of the Center for Sustainable Resource Center's Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team, "Based on this finding, we plan to look for new catalysts, using elements such as copper or nickel, that can push heterogeneous catalytic reactions forward but are less costly and more environmentally friendly than the current ones, which often require precious metals such as platinum and palladium. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To boost the hydrogen economy, it is imperative to develop cost-effective and facile methodologies to synthesize NiFe-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts for high-performance seawater electrolysis," they wrote. (uh.edu)
  • Progress in this field will lead the way to a competitive solution for green hydrogen production to fight global warming and advance the science of catalysts and electrodes for advanced water electrolysis and related technologies. (technion.ac.il)
  • According to Li, the oxygen evolution reaction is slow because it requires a lot of power to trigger how the molecules transfer their constituents, but it could be sped up with less power if integrated with more efficient catalysts. (eurekalert.org)
  • Selected topics of interest include: development of new catalysts (both noble metal and noble-metal free) for the oxygen evolution/reduction and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions in acid and alkaline media, novel electrolytes, novel cell architectures, and the influence cell operating conditions (temperature, pressure, etc. (aiche.org)
  • We tested the catalytic performance of these metal-hBN systems and found that Ag-Pt overperforms when compared with Pt or PtC catalysts [for the hydrogen evolution reaction]. (materialstoday.com)
  • Previous attempts at such bi-functional catalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen have generally resulted in poor performance in one of the two functions. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Ren, who is also M.D. Anderson Chair Professor of Physics at UH, said the new catalyst also generates pure oxygen, avoiding the potential byproduct of corrosive chlorine gas produced by some catalysts. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Nickel-molybdenum alloy catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: Activity and stability revised. (mpie.de)
  • Over the past years, a substantial fraction of the work in the department has therefore been focused on advanced catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions involving oxygen, especially on nanostructured system such as hollow graphitic spheres, with high activity and longer lifetime than conventional catalysts. (mpg.de)
  • Graphene can also be employed as a confining agent to study undercover reactions, a trending topic in the catalysis field due to the reported higher performance of catalysts when placed in confined environments. (lu.se)
  • Prof. Rothschild will develop a transformative water electrolysis process (splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen) for green hydrogen production. (technion.ac.il)
  • Researchers from the University of Twente in The Netherlands have developed a new high-entropy perovskite oxide (HEO) as a high-activity electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)-the key kinetically limiting half-reaction in several electrochemical energy conversion technologies, including green hydrogen generation. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Water splitting using PEMWE is a promising method for generating green hydrogen. (azocleantech.com)
  • Using renewable electricity is one of the most attractive solutions to producing green hydrogen especially using the PEMWE technique, which could be operated with fast response and high current density. (azocleantech.com)
  • With the lattice-water-assisted oxygen exchange mechanism that shows the possibility of both higher efficiency and stability in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyser the amount of iridium can be reduced and the cost of producing green hydrogen can be efficiently decreased. (azocleantech.com)
  • With cheaper green hydrogen, a carbon-neutral society could be built as soon as possible, and related climate problems could be efficiently decreased. (azocleantech.com)
  • Abstract Water electrolysis, a process for producing green hydrogen from renewable energy, plays a crucial role in the transition toward a sustainable energy landscape and the realization of the hydrogen economy. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Determining the optimal binding energies for heterogeneous chemical reactions -- usually meaning that the reactant is in the gas or liquid phase while the catalyst is a solid -- is critical for many aspects of modern society, as we rely on such reactions for processes as diverse as the production of fertilizers and plastics. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A team of researchers led by Zhifeng Ren, director of the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH, has reported an oxygen evolving catalyst that takes just minutes to grow at room temperature and is capable of efficiently producing both clean drinking water and hydrogen from seawater. (uh.edu)
  • Researchers from the University of Houston have reported an oxygen evolving catalyst that takes just minutes to grow at room temperature on commercially available nickel foam. (uh.edu)
  • Paired with a previously reported hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, it can achieve industrially required current density for overall seawater splitting at low voltage. (uh.edu)
  • That led us to the right structure, the right composition for the oxygen evolving catalyst," he said. (uh.edu)
  • Remarkably, simple treatment of the graphene-molybdenum oxides with sulfur, which converted the metal oxides to metal sulfides, afforded a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, underscoring the broad utility of this approach," he said. (electroiq.com)
  • This novel method differs from others commonly used in that the reaction proceeds with no evolution of hydrogen, and therefore, does not require a catalyst. (oxoid.com)
  • In addition, the figure shows hydrogen bubbles being generated from these defects that contain catalyst atoms (gray and dark spheres attached to the vacancies). (materialstoday.com)
  • Now researchers are reporting a significant advance, a two-electrode catalyst that relies on one compound to efficiently produce hydrogen and oxygen from both seawater and freshwater. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Shuo Chen, associate professor of physics at UH and co-corresponding author on the paper, said the catalyst s reported strong current density at a relatively low voltage lowers the energy cost of producing hydrogen. (nanotech-now.com)
  • CoSn(OH)6 (CSO) is an effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, necessary for developing next-generation lithium - air batteries. (newenergyandfuel.com)
  • University of Houston researchers have reported a significant breakthrough with a new oxygen evolution reaction catalyst that, combined with a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, achieved current densities capable of supporting industrial demands while requiring relatively low voltage to start seawater electrolysis. (newenergyandfuel.com)
  • Our findings not only verify the viability of a low-loading iridium-based anodic catalyst for PEMWE but also provide new ideas for modifying the oxygen exchange mechanism for high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst design. (azocleantech.com)
  • We show that graphene acts as a catalyst for water formation by providing the required adsorption configuration that promotes the reaction. (lu.se)
  • Water electrolysis involves hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). (magnusgroup.org)
  • The reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) is a promising salinity gradient energy technology, capable of producing hydrogen with an input of waste heat at temperatures below 100 °C. A salinity gradient drives water electrolysis in the reverse electrodialysis (RED) cell, and spent solutions are regenerated using waste heat in a precipitation or evaporation unit. (mdpi.com)
  • Hydrogen generation from water electrolysis - or using electric current to split water to separate hydrogen from oxygen - driven by renewable energy is a promising technology in mitigating and solving the crisis of energy and environment," said Cuiling Li, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry who is also affiliated with the Beijing Institute of Technology and the Binzhou Institute of Technology. (eurekalert.org)
  • Oxygen evolution reaction is the anodic reaction of water electrolysis, in which direct current causes a chemical reaction that splits the oxygen molecules from the water molecules. (eurekalert.org)
  • However, Li called this reaction "a sluggish process," and it limits water electrolysis as a sustainable mechanism to produce hydrogen gas. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ceramic one of 6 technologies classified by the Generation IV International HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 29 Source: "H2-MHR Pre Conceptual Design Report: S-I Based Plant" [Richards 2006] Similar configurations for Hybrid Sulfur (Westinghouse) thermochemical cycle or High Temperature Steam Electrolysis with very high temperature process heat thermal efficiency, and producing clean-burning hydrogen via carbon-free hydrogen production). (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • Only 4% of hydrogen is made by the electrolysis of water, largely because the process is so expensive. (acs.org)
  • Reducing the cost of electrolysis-or increasing its hydrogen yield-offers a route for the gas to become an economically viable fuel produced by renewable electricity. (acs.org)
  • Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrochemical reaction. (nxtbook.com)
  • Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical step in water electrolysis and is often limited by its slow kinetics. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The entry point into various value chains is water electrolysis to generate hydrogen. (mpg.de)
  • Efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are paramount to the development of electrochemical devices for clean energy and fuel conversion. (nature.com)
  • Manganese-based oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: a review, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 11 (2023), 5476-5494. (matec-conferences.org)
  • Co-containing waste cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) into platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). (unimib.it)
  • This has been shown in our recent work in the CO-reduction reaction on Cu 26 . (nature.com)
  • FUTURE OF HYDROGEN ENERGY In the electrolyzer, steam is dissociated molecules and oxygen ions (water at 650°C-1,000°C at the cathode to form the H2 reduction reaction). (nxtbook.com)
  • Along with this, I will provide evidence of the enhanced capabilities of the nitride MXenes compared to carbides, sulfides, and oxides, when applied in the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and supercapacitor applications. (uh.edu)
  • The team performed a new set of calculations, based on reaction kinetic modeling, that take this discrepancy into account, and calculated new optimal binding energies for hydrogen oxidation, which uses heterogeneous catalysis, finding that the calculations gave different values at high reaction rates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Two main mechanisms, namely the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), are commonly considered in the context of OER. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Abstract The lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) provides an efficient pathway for accelerating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in certain electrocatalysts by activating and involving lattice oxygen in the catalytic OER process. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Very recently, we have initiated a project in electro catalysis using model electrodes for a fundamental understanding of the structure-activity relation during the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions (OER and HER) as well as the electro oxidation of hydrocarbons. (lu.se)
  • We use graphene to investigate copper oxidation undercover, revealing that its presence stabilizes a Cu 2 O phase undercover, delaying the evolution toward complete oxidation (CuO). (lu.se)
  • image: Researchers affiliated with the Beijing Institute of Technology rationally designed an electrocatalyst with both amorphous and crystalline phases, as well as abundant defects, to more efficiently split water and produce clean-burning hydrogen gas. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers based in China engineered an electrocatalyst - which speeds up a desired reaction - with both amorphous and crystalline architectures that contains defects in the atomic structure. (eurekalert.org)
  • The defects enable the electrocatalyst to trigger "superior" reaction activity, the team reported. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ruthenium oxide-based nanomaterials with better oxygen evolution reaction performance in comparison to commercial products have been reported, while more sophisticated electrocatalyst design strategies to evoke more efficient catalytic performance are urgently required and largely unexplored," Li said. (eurekalert.org)
  • Synergistic effects of mixing and strain in high entropy spinel oxides for oxygen evolution reaction. (stanford.edu)
  • Lightest Metal Leads to Big Change: Lithium-Mediated Metal Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Advanced Energy Material, vol. 12 (2022), 2201934. (matec-conferences.org)
  • Based on grand canonical quantum mechanics calculations and the single-site Co atomic structure validated by in situ and ex situ spectroscopic probes, we have established a full description of the catalytic reaction kinetics for Co-TiO 2 as a function of applied potential, revealing an adsorbate evolution mechanism for the OER. (nature.com)
  • We indicated that the improved catalytic activity of extensively purified NPs in octyne hydrogenation reaction can be explained by the formation of CoPt 3 /Pt core/shell structures. (osti.gov)
  • With the discovery, the material that the researchers call "metal oxide-laser induced graphene" (MO-LIG) becomes a new candidate to replace expensive metals like platinum in catalytic fuel-cell applications in which oxygen and hydrogen are converted to water and electricity. (electroiq.com)
  • Further doping of the material with sulfur allowed for hydrogen evolution, another catalytic process that converts water into hydrogen, Tour said. (electroiq.com)
  • However, a comprehensive understanding of the complex catalytic mechanisms under harsh reaction conditions remains a major challenge. (uzh.ch)
  • And scientists already have the technical ability to both desalinate seawater and split it to produce hydrogen, which is in demand as a source of clean energy. (uh.edu)
  • In fact, when it comes to improving the electrocatalysis process that produces clean-burning hydrogen gas, it may be a very good thing. (eurekalert.org)
  • Mo 2 C promoted electrocatalysis of the Pt/Mo 2 C (C) heterostructure for a superior hydrogen evolution reaction. (nih.gov)
  • Synthesis and functionalization of advanced 2D transition metal carbides (MXENE): application to oxygen electroCATalysis. (anr.fr)
  • The electrochemical inter-conversion of oxygen, hydrogen and water molecules plays a critical role in several applications including electrolyzers and fuel cells. (aiche.org)
  • Moreover, graphene can be used as an adsorption template for studying reactions between adsorbates and gas phase molecules. (lu.se)
  • Graphene is also an ideal model system for studying more fundamental aspects of undercover reactions, such as the coexistence of different molecules undercover or their intercalation kinetics. (lu.se)
  • The porous and heterophase structure provides the defects - essentially nicks in the atomic structure - which enable more active sites for the oxygen evolution reaction to proceed with more efficiency, according to Li. (eurekalert.org)
  • METODOLOGIA Este estudo está sendo realizado através de especially attractive option for hydrogen production in the U.S. given from 900 to 1000 °C, hydrogen production efficiency increases from [8] L. Barelli, et al. (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • In work described in Energy & Environmental Science, researchers from the University of Houston, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Central China Normal University report using a nickel/molybdenum/nitrogen compound, tweaked with a small amount of iron and grown on nickel foam to efficiently produce hydrogen and then, through a process of electrochemical reconstruction sparked by cycling voltage, converted to a compound that produced a similarly powerful oxygen evolution reaction. (nanotech-now.com)
  • This theory suggests that exposure to dust particulates in the lung tissues provokes an inflammatory response, which then leads to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) by alveolar and interstitial macrophages, along with polymorphonuclear cells. (medscape.com)
  • A gently bubbling electrolyzer (left) suddenly doubles its output of hydrogen and oxygen when a magnet is placed next to the anode (right). (acs.org)
  • Researchers study the evolution of the photon sphere and black hole shadow for rotating and non-rotating black holes by solving the associated differential equation for various dynamical black hole models, leading to several non-trivial results. (iitgn.ac.in)
  • Ren said one key to the researchers' approach was the decision to use a chemical reaction to produce the desired material, rather than the energy-consuming traditional focus on a physical transformation. (uh.edu)
  • Instead, researchers from The Pennsylvania State University, Binghamton University, Michigan State University, Centro de Investigación Cientifica de Yucatán, Shinshu University and Indian Institute of Technology Indore took ball milling to cryogenic temperatures (77 K) to reduce processing time and suppress undesirable side reactions. (materialstoday.com)
  • The researchers said using a single compound for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) albeit slightly changed through the reconstruction process not only makes water splitting more affordable, it also simplifies the engineering challenges. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Developing stable and efficient electrocatalysts is vital for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates in sustainable hydrogen production. (stanford.edu)
  • The rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for industrial water splitting is essential to generate sustainable hydrogen fuel. (uzh.ch)
  • Superoxide is used to generate several other compounds, including hydrogen peroxide (a strong disinfectant) and hypochlorous acid (the active ingredient in bleach). (medlineplus.gov)
  • This enzyme participates in a chemical reaction that converts oxygen to a toxic molecule called superoxide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The oxide ions migrate from the cathode to the anode and release electrons to the external circuit to become oxygen gas via an oxygen evolution reaction. (nxtbook.com)
  • Hydrogen production through solar water-splitting offers a clean and renewable solution to tackle the ongoing issues of energy scarcity and environmental pollution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some of the best known are the production of ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process, the production of plastics using the Ziegler-Natta reaction, and the desulfurization of petroleum. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This work presents a non-equilibrium thermodynamics model for the RED cell, and the hydrogen production is investigated for KCl/water solutions. (mdpi.com)
  • the abundance (484 billion tons of coal in reserves) of coal and current reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% current generation III+ gas-cooled reactors, which fall into two general The preliminary conceptual design study of prismatic-type Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) has been performed with 950°C outlet coolant temperature for higher efficient hydrogen and electricity production. (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • powered hydrogen production. (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • Hydrogen Production It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950°C, or more than 1 … Eng. (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • However, traditional hydrogen production methods have a substantial carbon footprint, and cleaner methods are expensive and technically complex. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Tests showed their ability to catalyze oxygen reduction, an essential chemical reaction in fuel cells. (electroiq.com)
  • Hydrogen fuel, storing solar energy by splitting water, is of great potential as efficient energy storage due to its sustainability, carbon-neutrality and high energy density per mass. (mit.edu)
  • If the approach can be scaled up, it has the potential to slash the costs of producing hydrogen from water, making the clean-burning fuel greener. (acs.org)
  • Hydrogen is often touted as a clean fuel because its combustion produces no carbon dioxide or other pollutants, only water. (acs.org)
  • Hydrogen has been described as the low-emission fuel of the future. (azocleantech.com)
  • However, while the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is rather straightforward, bigger challenges are posed by oxygen evolution (OER), and the same holds for the reverse process proceeding in fuel cells. (mpg.de)
  • Controllable oxygen vacancies and morphology engineering: Ultra-high HER/OER activity under base-acid conditions and outstanding antibacterial properties, Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 71 (2022), 639-651. (matec-conferences.org)
  • Atomic-Level Platinum Filling into Ni-Vacancies of Dual-Deficient NiO for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Advanced Energy Material, vol. 12 (2022), 2200434. (matec-conferences.org)
  • The objectives of the MXENE-CAT project are (i) the synthesis, functionalization and advanced characterization of MXenes, and (ii) their development, including composites, for applications as noble-metal free electrocatalysts for key reactions of the energy transition: hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (HER, OER and ORR). (anr.fr)
  • to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
  • Currently, the most efficient electrolyzers contain platinum and iridium, which are needed for the electrodes on which the hydrogen and oxygen gas are produced from water. (greencarcongress.com)
  • High temperatures are required to thermally activate oxide ion migration and facilitate electrochemical reactions on both electrodes. (nxtbook.com)
  • Oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions on Ru, RuO 2 , Ir, and IrO 2 thin film electrodes in acidic and alkaline electrolytes: A comparative study on activity and stability. (mpie.de)
  • Heterogeneous chemical reactions are used in many industrial processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • His expertise spans subjects such as chemical engineering principles, fluid mechanics, separation processes, chemical kinetics, and reaction engineering, numerical methods for engineering, heat and mass transfer processes, fundamentals of environmental engineering, and electrochemical energy conversion. (edu.pk)
  • Most materials are best suited for either HER or OER, but both reactions are required to complete the chemical reaction and produce hydrogen from water. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Using a combination of X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction, we take advantage of graphene's sensitivity to changes in its chemical environment to obtain an atomic scale understanding of different reactions occurring above and below the film. (lu.se)
  • Enzymes are complex proteins that control and carry out nearly all chemical processes and reactions within the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Density functional theory confirms that randomly mixed metal sites show thermodynamic stability, with intermediate adsorption energies displaying wider distributions due to mixing-induced equatorial strain in active metal-oxygen bonds. (stanford.edu)
  • We also show that small ions coinsert with water in alpha-MnO2 to achieve greater coordination by oxygen, while solvation energies and kinetic effects dictate water coinsertion in delta-MnO2. (stanford.edu)
  • For metal- powerful methods to obtain and compare reaction and activation loproteins, a third method to obtain local information about the energies for suggested enzyme mechanisms and they can also provide atomic details about the protein dynamics. (lu.se)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
  • Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
  • These highly reactive, toxic substances are known as reactive oxygen species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, phagocytes are unable to produce reactive oxygen species to kill foreign invaders, and neutrophil activity is not regulated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sumimoto H. Structure, regulation and evolution of Nox-family NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Benchmarking hydrogen evolving reaction and oxygen evolving reaction electrocatalysts for solar water splitting devices. (nature.com)
  • One of major bottlenecks for the solar-driven energy storage into hydrogen, however, is oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of its high overpoential and the complexity of surface structures and reaction mechanisms. (mit.edu)
  • Hydrogen energy from solar water-splitting is known as an ideal method with which to address the energy crisis and global environmental pollution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fig. 4: Schematic illustration of possible OER reaction mechanisms over Co-TiO 2 . (nature.com)
  • Different vacancies, produced with or without oxygen, bring a variety of useful properties, including photoluminescent emission in the visible region and the generation of free radicals. (materialstoday.com)
  • Fig. 5: Free-energy landscape for the reaction over Co-TiO 2 . (nature.com)
  • Hydrogen has drawn attention in recent years as a potential source of clean energy because it burns without producing climate-damaging emissions. (nanotech-now.com)
  • Extensive Active-Site Formation in Trirutile CoSb2O6 by Oxygen Vacancy for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Splitting, ACS Energy Letters, vol. 6 (2021), 364-370. (matec-conferences.org)
  • Results from density functional theory (DFT) demonstrate that these in situ reconstructed configurations significantly enhance the HER performance by lowering the energy barrier for water dissociation and by facilitating the adsorption/desorption of HER intermediates (H*). The competitive activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) arises from the transformation of the reconstructed P-Co-O-Fe-P configurations into oxygen-bridged, high-valence CoIV-O-FeIV moieties as true active intermediates. (uzh.ch)
  • But about half of the world's hydrogen is made by steam-methane reforming, which is responsible for about 3% of our global CO 2 emissions. (acs.org)
  • The hierarchical structure of carbonized wood functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles was used as a host for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries: the highly conductive carbonized wood framework with vertical channels provided good electron transport pathways, and the homogeneously dispersed ZnO nanoparticles effectively adsorbed lithium polysulfide and catalyzed its conversion reactions. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Using hydrogen adsorbates, we analyze the stability of different H- structures under mbar pressures of oxygen. (lu.se)
  • Another important research line is directed to the development of reactions, which could replace the non-value-generating OER by electrocatalytic reactions for high-volume products, which are interesting in themselves. (mpg.de)
  • Furthermore, we discuss strategies for effectively activating lattice oxygen to achieve controllable steady-state exchange between lattice oxygen and an electrolyte (OH− or H2O). (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The catch is that "optimum" is usually understood as meaning that the reaction requires as little driving force as possible, so that it is thermodynamically efficient, but in the real world it is often more practical to have a higher rate of catalysis, even if a larger driving force is necessary. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Facile synthesis of new, highly efficient SnO 2 /carbon nitride composite photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. (mpg.de)
  • The composite, which consists of several earth-abundant elements, could potentially be used for efficient hydrogen generation without rare and precious metals such as platinum. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Treat with high concentrations of humidified oxygen en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)
  • Use of high oxygen flow rates and a nonrebreathing-type face mask with a tight seal facilitates delivery of high levels of supplemental oxygen, which helps reverse the oxygenation defect created by ventilation-perfusion mismatch. (medscape.com)
  • Benefitting from the abundant defects, crystal boundaries and active site accessibility of the resultant samples, superior oxygen evolution reaction performance was demonstrated," Li said, explaining that the engineered electrocatalysts not only produces a better oxygen evolution reaction, but it also does with less electricity powering the process. (eurekalert.org)
  • The results show that the evaporation concept requires 40 times less waste heat and produces three times more hydrogen than the precipitation concept. (mdpi.com)
  • Specifically, we use graphene to investigate the coexistence of hydrogen and CO with already intercalated oxygen while following the intercalation process in situ with APXPS. (lu.se)
  • Rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and dimethyl thioether over the temperature range 299-430 K. (cdc.gov)