Hydrocarbon physical processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

These emissions often contain much larger percentages of combustion by-products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the initial petroleum products. (cdc.gov)
When fat drips from meat it creates more smoke, releasing polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which coat your food. (suburbanpropane.com)
It is used in detecting contamination of PAHs and as a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for determination of the factors that affect bioavailability, rate of microbial degradation and biodegradation potential of PAHs in the environment [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
It is shown that injecting N2 containing 5 vol % of O2 enhances the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that adsorb on the surface of soot. (bvsalud.org)

This EDLT displayed (1) electrostatic carrier accumulation at the interface between the hydrocarbon and the electric-double-layer, (2) electrochemical accumulation in the bulk of the hydrocarbon film and (3) the electrochemical reaction of hydrocarbon molecules. (nature.com)
Cracking is not a biochemical change because it is a physical process that involves breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones. (proprofs.com)
Firstly, a new molecular dynamics algorithm for the simulation of complex hydrocarbon molecules, with particular focus on the evaporation process of liquid n-dodecane (C_12H_26), which is used as an approximation for Diesel fuel, was developed. (brighton.ac.uk)
This research allowed investigators to understand the underlying physics of the evaporation process of these molecules and to estimate the values of the evaporation/ condensation coefficient of n-dodecane in a wide range of temperatures relevant to Diesel engines. (brighton.ac.uk)
Trace water vapor can contribute both hydrogen and oxygen molecules to process chambers and metal layers. (pall.com)
It complements texts that start from the quantum theory of atoms and molecules and take a more physical approach. (bestebooksworld.com)
Hydrocarbons are a heterogeneous group of organic substances that are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen molecules. (medscape.com)
Halogenated hydrocarbons are a subgroup of aromatic hydrocarbons, in which one of the hydrogen molecules is substituted by a halogen group. (medscape.com)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) - These are found in the soot and smoke of the candle. (davidwolfe.com)
The thermal and non-thermal desorption of C6H6 has been investigated as a model for the behaviour of other aromatic hydrocarbons existing in the condensed phase in the interstellar medium. (hw.ac.uk)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in nature and persist in the environment as a result of their low solubility in water due to their hydrophobicity [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Anthracene is a tricyclic poly aromatic hydrocarbon which is characterized by a three fused benzene ring. (omicsonline.org)
NIOSH's response focused primarily on industrial hygiene assessment of potential occupational exposures [benzene and other volatile organic compounds, oil mist, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's), diesel fumes, and noise] during typical tasks performed by the majority of the 11,000 workers involved in the 1989 cleanup activities. (cdc.gov)
Hydrocarbons can be classified as being aliphatic, in which the carbon moieties are arranged in a linear or branched chain, or aromatic, in which the carbon moieties are arranged in a ring. (medscape.com)
Unlike the aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, the halogenated hydrocarbons tend to cause a wider range of toxicity. (medscape.com)
Environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, asbestos, and welding fumes may increase the risk of pharyngeal cancer. (medscape.com)

The purpose of the survey was to determine if exposure to chlorinated- hydrocarbon pesticides affected male reproductive capacity and cardiovascular disease. (cdc.gov)
It is nearly impossible to avoid exposure to hydrocarbons from petroleum products, whether it is from gasoline fumes at the pump, spilled crankcase oil on asphalt, solvents used at home or work, or pesticide applications that use petroleum products as carriers. (cdc.gov)
Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil or water are not particularly valuable for assessing either the potential for exposure to TPH or the impacts of such exposure on public health. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to these has shown to cause physical weakness, depression of the immune system, and changes in liver function. (davidwolfe.com)
Toxicity from hydrocarbon exposure can be thought of as different syndromes, depending on which organ system is predominately involved. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary complications, especially aspiration, are the most frequently reported adverse effect of hydrocarbon exposure. (medscape.com)
The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) believes the best way to address these important questions regarding human exposure is through biomonitoring, a rigorous scientific process that measures levels of environmental chemicals in human tissues and fluids. (cdc.gov)

Welders are exposed to a range of fumes and gases (evaporated metal, metal oxides, hydrocarbons, nanoparticles, ozone, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ) depending on the electrodes, filler wire and flux materials used in the process, but also physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (who.int)

In contrast, natural gas is a complex mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, plus other residual gases as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The elevated temperatures required for thermal processing can exacerbate the release of gases from chamber walls and increase molecular impurities. (pall.com)
Virtually all gaseous contaminants found in gas delivery systems and process gases can lead to defects and longer process times, ultimately resulting in manufacturing yield losses and lower tool throughput. (pall.com)

Water-hydrocarbon phase behavior, hydrates, etc. (petroskills.com)
Water-hydrocarbon system behavior, hydrates, etc. (petroskills.com)
The numerical codes/tools describing processes involved during the dissociation (induced by several methods) for gas production from hydrates are powerful, but they need validation by comparison to empirical data to instill confidence in their predictions. (acs.org)

Petroleum refineries process crude oil into many different petroleum products. (eia.gov)

A process for preparing C2 to C4 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. (justia.com)
Moreover, the application of blends with high volumes of biodiesel decreased the exhaust emissions, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) by 54.54%, 41%, and 39.3%, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

While most aliphatic hydrocarbons have little GI absorption, aspiration frequently occurs, either initially or in a semidelayed fashion as the patient coughs or vomits, thereby resulting in pulmonary effects. (medscape.com)

The present invention relates to a process for recovering and treating fluids such as hydrocarbon gas and/or liquids, and produced water from a hydraulic fracturing process. (justia.com)
Production and processing personnel involved with natural gas and associated liquids, to acquaint or reacquaint themselves with gas conditioning and processing unit operations. (petroskills.com)

The hydrocarbon migrated mainly from the Upper Jurassic Frigate Shale source rock in the Malita Graben depocentre (structurally lower) to the Plover Formation sandstone reservoir in the Sunset-Loxton Shoals field during the Late Cretaceous at 66 Ma. (scirp.org)
In the Chuditch field, the hydrocarbon migration to the Plover Formation sandstone reservoir was initiated during the Late Miocene at 7.5 Ma from the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation source rock in the well Chuditch 1. (scirp.org)
Numerical tools are essential for the prediction and evaluation of conventional hydrocarbon reservoir performance. (acs.org)
Fractures in both hydrocarbon and groundwater aquifers are known to form channels for fluid flow or as pathways to disperse accumulated fluids out of a reservoir. (fundacionbyb.org)
This study also provides new insights into the understanding of the impacts of CO 2 molecular diffusion, reservoir permeability, and natural fractures on the performance of CO 2 -EOR processes in tight oil reservoirs. (nature.com)
The Middle Bakken and Three Forks layers are the most important because of the reservoir quality and hydrocarbon saturation. (nature.com)

Tetrachloroethylene is made by direct chlorination or oxychlorination of certain hydrocarbons. (cdc.gov)
Tetrachloroethylene is used as a chemical intermediate, as solvent for metal cleaning and vapor degreasing, and for dry-cleaning and textile processing. (cdc.gov)

Based on the structural evolution of the northern Bonaparte Basin, data from the wells Loxton Shoals 1, Sunset 1 and Chuditch 1 in the Sahul Platform and Heron 1 in the Malita Graben depocentre, and the Seismic Line N11606 were used to clarify the geological conditions and reconstruct the hydrocarbon accumulation processes in the study area. (scirp.org)
Thus, an EDLT that uses organic materials involves complex accumulation processes. (nature.com)

The hydrocarbon dew point is the temperature (at a given pressure) at which the hydrocarbon components of any hydrocarbon-rich gas mixture, such as natural gas, will start to condense out of the gaseous phase. (wikipedia.org)
A method for recovering and treating hydrocarbon fluids using a hydraulic fracturing process wherein a fluid stream containing liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon species or both, produced water, suspended solids, and dissolved contaminants is recovered from a well. (justia.com)

Reference is made to other liquefaction processes including Mixed Fluid Cascade Process, Dual Mixed Refrigerant Process, and Nitrogen (single or dual) Cycles being developed for FLNG projects. (petroskills.com)

Introduction: The processing of crude oil is characterized by numerous hazards, which have significant health, safety, and environmental impacts on neighboring communities. (researchgate.net)
The physical characteristics of crude oil determine how the refineries turn it into the highest-value products. (eia.gov)
The physical characteristics of crude oil determine how refineries process it. (eia.gov)
Less dense (lighter) crude oils (with higher API gravity) generally have more light hydrocarbons. (eia.gov)

Therefore, in the third process, the hydrocarbon molecule changed to a hydrocarbon radical cation. (nature.com)
The wetting index is related to three physical properties of a molecule: the surface tension, the viscosity, and the density. (bfksolutions.com)

When the liquefiable hydrocarbons are characterized as being hexane or higher molecular weight components, they are reported as GPM (C6+). (wikipedia.org)
In such cases, when the liquefiable hydrocarbons in the raw natural gas are characterized as being ethane or higher molecular weight components, they are reported as GPM (C2+). (wikipedia.org)
A hybrid catalyst that is used in hybrid catalyst processes generally comprises a combination of a mixed metal oxide component and a molecular sieve that operate in tandem. (justia.com)
Molecular Conformations introduces the fundamental physical and biochemical concepts that determine the conformation of a protein. (bestebooksworld.com)

There are concerns with both short-term (accidents) and long-term exposures to petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., contaminated drinking water). (cdc.gov)
Physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are also common. (who.int)

The physical properties of alkenes and alkynes are generally similar to those of alkanes or cycloalkanes with equal numbers of carbon atoms. (britannica.com)
Hydrogenation is used to prepare alkanes and cycloalkanes and also to change the physical properties of highly unsaturated vegetable oils to increase their shelf life. (britannica.com)
Doping with the optimum concentration of carriers (electrons or holes) can modify the physical properties of materials. (nature.com)
Controlling the charge-carrier density in solids is one of the keys to controlling their physical properties. (nature.com)
That is, the electrochemical reaction may be an effective way to induce novel physical properties. (nature.com)
Physical properties and chemical reactivity of alternant hydrocarbons and related compounds. (cas.cz)
A physical change refers to a change in the physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition. (proprofs.com)
However, other methods based on the evaluation of physical properties have recently been reported. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Wetting is a simple concept that relates to physical properties of cleaning agents or ingredients of the cleaning agent. (bfksolutions.com)
We've included a table of a few cleaning agent chemicals, the pertinent physical properties, and the wetting index. (bfksolutions.com)
The book is concerned with properties such as density, refractive index, acoustic impedance and electrical conductivities of hydrocarbon substances. (bestebooksworld.com)
Pure organic compounds feature early in the book chiefly to set benchmark values for the various physical properties later discussed for hydrocarbon products. (bestebooksworld.com)
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of ethylene, also called ethene, acetene and olefiant gas. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
The chemical properties of the individual hydrocarbon determine the specific toxicity, while the dose and route of ingestion affect which organs are exposed to the toxicity. (medscape.com)
The toxicity of hydrocarbons is directly related to their physical properties, specifically the viscosity, volatility, surface tension, and chemical activity of the side chains. (medscape.com)

Although the concentrations of the chemical additives are very low, the recovered fluid may be harmful due in part to hydrocarbons and other species (for example, hydrogen sulfide) picked up from the formation. (justia.com)
Generally, in hybrid catalyst processes, the synthesis gas (syngas), or feed stream, comprises hydrogen (H 2 ) gas and a carbon-containing gas. (justia.com)

In addition, many volatile substances that contain hydrocarbons (eg, glue, propellants) are commonly abused for their euphoric effects. (medscape.com)

In such processes the liquid oils are converted to fats of a more solid consistency. (britannica.com)
2.) The Hydrocarbons or Fats, which take their share in the development on many important structures. (amblesideonline.org)

In the process of reducing pressure, some of the heavier components may drop out, particularly if the pressure reduction is done in the retrograde region. (wikipedia.org)

The recreational use of inhaling hydrocarbons and other volatile solvents for the purposes of creating a euphoric state is becoming increasingly common. (medscape.com)

For example, mercury deposits in cryogenic equipment result in the cracking of process equipment such as heat exchangers. (researchgate.net)
It covers basic food chemistry and ingredients through to mixing, unsteady steady state heat transfer in freezing for preservation and thermal processing and sterilization. (bestebooksworld.com)

Hydrocarbon species are separated from the fluid stream to produce a second fluid stream comprising liquid water, which is then directed to a filter medium and essentially all of the second fluid stream passes through the medium to produce a permeate stream and a filter cake, and the filter cake is separated from the medium and disposed of separately. (justia.com)
The control and reduction of trace oxygen and hydrocarbon species can be achieved using Pall purifiers with AresKleen™ INP medium. (pall.com)

The Plover Formation source rock was a poor-to-good hydrocarbon generative potential and reached the middle to late mature oil window in the Sunset-Loxton Shoals field whereas in the Chuditch field, it was an overall fair-to-good hydrocarbon generative potential, and attained the Late mature oil window. (scirp.org)
This is a physical change and does not involve the breaking or formation of chemical bonds. (proprofs.com)
The desorption from compact amorphous solid water displays simpler desorption kinetics with evidence for the formation of C6H6 islands on the water surface, demonstrating the importance of using realistic interstellar grain mimics in experiments probing surface sensitive interstellar processes. (hw.ac.uk)
Carbon contamination might result in the formation of thin polymer films on process chambers and metal surface layers. (pall.com)

Because of incomplete oxidation, small amounts of hydrocarbon emissions result. (cdc.gov)

In these combustion processes, the petroleum fuel is oxidized. (cdc.gov)
They are by-products of industrial activities and combustion processes. (davidwolfe.com)

The hydrocarbon dew point of a gas is a different concept from the water dew point, the latter being the temperature (at a given pressure) at which water vapor present in a gas mixture will condense out of the gas. (wikipedia.org)

For the past fifty years of space exploration, mass spectrometry has provided unique chemical and physical insights on the characteristics of other planetary bodies in the Solar System. (frontiersin.org)
Modern flight-capable mass spectrometers, in combination with various sample processing, separation, and ionization techniques enable sensitive detection of chemical biosignatures. (frontiersin.org)
Biosignatures are the tantalizing chemical and physical imprints associated with life, and the possibility that life exists elsewhere beyond Earth drives us to search for these biosignatures on other planets and moons. (frontiersin.org)
Chemical changes are usually influenced by condition which speeds up or slows the chemical process. (proprofs.com)
Therefore, condensation is the only option that represents a physical change rather than an inorganic chemical change. (proprofs.com)
The Hydrocarbon Processing Industry (HPI) market, encompassing petroleum refining, gas processing, petrochemical and chemical, is a foundational field for all industry. (shimadzu.eu)
Chemical-physical aspects in refrigeration with isobutane. (iifiir.org)
It was also found that the physical and chemical characteristics of the Mastic oil biodiesel are the same as diesel, consistent with the ASTM standard. (bvsalud.org)

The results were applied to the kinetic modelling of the evaporation process of n-dodecane droplets in Diesel engine-like conditions. (brighton.ac.uk)

The Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field, located offshore of Santa Barbara, California, is known for its prolific, natural hydrocarbon seepage activity. (unh.edu)

Ethylene is produced in petrochemical processes, as steam cracking where hydrocarbons and steam are heated to 750-950 °C. This process converts large hydrocarbons into smaller ones and introduces unsaturated products. (engineeringtoolbox.com)

Combusted hydrocarbons are identified as major anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions to the atmosphere in the United States. (researchgate.net)

The present specification generally relates to hybrid catalyst processes that efficiently convert various carbon-containing streams to C 2 to C 4 hydrocarbons. (justia.com)
In particular, the present specification relates to hybrid catalyst processes that limit the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that is produced in the process. (justia.com)

These observations imply that electron stimulated desorption is likely to be an important non-thermal desorption process within dense clouds. (hw.ac.uk)

Once processed into products such as motor gasoline and fuel oil, most of the petroleum is burned in engines or boilers to provide energy for transportation, space heating, or electricity. (cdc.gov)
Petroleum distillates include kerosene, gasoline, and naphtha, whereas wood-derived hydrocarbons include turpentine and pine oil. (medscape.com)

A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C2 to C4 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. (justia.com)
Moisture contamination in the process line can cause a reaction with the silane gas, forming silicon dioxide nuclei. (pall.com)

This chapter addresses questions related to the first point: what are the levels of contamination in the environment, what happens to petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, and what is the likelihood that individuals or populations will be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons at levels thought to be of concern? (cdc.gov)

Synthetic processes for converting feed carbon to desired products, such as lower hydrocarbons, are known. (justia.com)
It is designed to provide an overview of the many operations associated with the processing of raw food materials to produce products which are creative, palatable and safe to eat. (bestebooksworld.com)
3. 'Date of manufacture' refers to the point when no further manufacturing or processing than packaging becomes necessary (for those products that, after packaging, undergo additional manufacturing processes such as sterilization or pasteurization, it refers to the point when the final process is completed). (who.int)
and for the products subject to only a simple processing where the storability of the raw materials is not altered, it refers to the point when the raw materials are packaged. (who.int)

Typically, natural gas analysis is carried out using process gas chromatography. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

This long-term time series of acoustic measurements will provide insight on the spatial and temporal variability of seepage activity in the region and how said variability is affected by external physical processes such as atmospheric pressure, current, and tides. (unh.edu)

It is proven that there are fewer health risks and physical risks when using a propane grill. (suburbanpropane.com)

High purity materials are used which provide background level contaminant removal without contributing metals or other harmful contaminants to the process stream. (pall.com)

He received an MS degree in physical chemistry at Andhra University and a PhD in electrochemistry at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore in 2003. (hydrocarbonprocessing.com)

This project was concerned with the development of a new quantitative kinetic model for the analysis of hydrocarbon fuel droplet heating and evaporation, suitable for practical engineering applications. (brighton.ac.uk)
Overall, most of the lighter petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) were lost due to evaporation. (bvsalud.org)

This research aimed to study the effect of concentration calcium alginate on metformine encapsulation processes and investigated characteristic of metformine encapsulation. (atlantis-press.com)

An understanding of the changes that occur over time in the composition of petroleum hydrocarbons found in soil, water, or air is extremely important in addressing public health issues for TPH. (cdc.gov)

Typical argon impurity levels found in physical vapor deposition (PVD) / sputtering tools are: moisture (0.5 ppm), oxygen (2 ppm), and total hydrocarbons (0.4 ppm). (pall.com)
Hydrocarbons with a high volatility can vaporize and displace oxygen, which can lead to a transient state of hypoxia. (medscape.com)

The hydrocarbon dew point is a function of the gas composition as well as the pressure. (wikipedia.org)

The hydrocarbon dew point is universally used in the natural gas industry as an important quality parameter, stipulated in contractual specifications and enforced throughout the natural gas supply chain, from producers through processing, transmission and distribution companies to final end users. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, the hydrocarbon dew point of processed, pipelined natural gas is related to and characterized by the term GPM which is the gallons of liquefiable hydrocarbons contained in 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) of natural gas at a stated temperature and pressure. (wikipedia.org)
However, the quality of raw produced natural gas is also often characterized by the term GPM meaning the gallons of liquefiable hydrocarbons contained in 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) of the raw natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
Although GPM is an additional parameter of some value, most pipeline operators and others who process, transport, distribute or use natural gas are primarily interested in the actual HCDP, rather than GPM. (wikipedia.org)
The course includes in-depth information on basic natural gas conditioning and processing. (petroskills.com)
Personnel involved with natural gas processing and LNG production, as well as anyone interested in a solid technical understanding of the principles of an LNG plant. (petroskills.com)
Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing explores the natural gas industry from the wellhead to the marketplace. (chipsbooks.com)
As a result, membrane technology has been successfully commercialized in many challenging separation processes such as seawater desalination, natural gas separation, CO 2 capture, and recovery of hydrocarbons, etc. (confex.com)

The process operates at a gas hourly space velocity in excess of 2500 hr-1 and effectively yields a net carbon dioxide selectivity of less than 5.0% and a productivity of C2-C4 hydrocarbons greater than 75 g hydrocarbons per kilogram of catalyst per hour. (justia.com)
Some of these processes include co-feeding CO 2 to the process to reduce the net CO 2 selectivity, determined by the CO 2 in the product stream less the total CO 2 in the feed stream, which may be negative. (justia.com)
Accordingly, a need exists for processes and systems in which the net CO 2 selectivity is lower, while still having a sufficiently high productivity of the desired C 2 to C 4 hydrocarbons. (justia.com)
Embodiments of the present disclosure meet this need by utilizing syngas to prepare C 2 to C 4 hydrocarbons with a net CO 2 selectivity of less than 5.0% by co-feeding CO 2 and operating at a gas hourly space velocity in excess of 2500 hr -1 . (justia.com)
and a microporous catalyst component, wherein the process operates at a gas hourly space velocity greater than 2500 hr -1 , which results in a net CO 2 selectivity of less than 5.0% and a productivity of C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons greater than 75 g hydrocarbons per kilogram of catalyst per hour. (justia.com)
A minimum membrane selectivity is required in order to compete with a distillation process. (confex.com)
For multi-stage cascade membrane processes, the attainability is determined not only by selectivity and pressure ratio, but also by the recycle ratio which is defined as the ratio of flow rate of the stream recycled from one stage back to the previous stage to the flow rate of the feed. (confex.com)
The minimum energy consumption of the multiple stage membrane processes also decreases monotonically with membrane selectivity. (confex.com)

Using this tool we can perform process simulation of not only membrane processes but also hybrid systems that combine membrane process with other separation processes such as distillation. (confex.com)

Condensation is the process of a gas or vapor turning into a liquid, typically due to a decrease in temperature or an increase in pressure. (proprofs.com)
most are liquid, but some short-chain hydrocarbons (eg, butane) are gas at room temperature, whereas other long-chain hydrocarbons (eg, waxes) are solid at room temperature. (medscape.com)

In addition to its environmental implications, global warming has caused a shift in the way the international community regards the Arctic, shifting the paradigm away from physical dominion and towards control over resources on the sea floor. (wattsupwiththat.com)

Research papers submitted in the Energy Systems section of Processes are expected to demonstrate novel energy systems and engineering-based approaches to systematically quantify different options at different levels of complexity (technology, plant, energy supply chain, mega-system) through experimental, pilot-scale, energy modeling, simulation, control, and optimization-based frameworks and potentially using real-life applications. (mdpi.com)

Three desorption processes, desorption via direct adsorbate-, indirect adsorbate- and substrate-mediated desorption, are proposed for the observed desorption profiles. (hw.ac.uk)
Kinetic simulations indicate that such processes may lead to an enhancement of photon-induced desorption at the edges of dense interstellar clouds. (hw.ac.uk)

Anatomy1

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