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HydrocarbonsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonHydrocarbons, AromaticPolycyclic CompoundsTetrachlorodibenzodioxinFuel OilsHydrocarbons, HalogenatedFossil FuelsAmino Acids, AromaticAryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear TranslocatorHydrocarbons, ChlorinatedCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Benzo(a)pyrenePetroleumPyrenesAlkanesAryl Hydrocarbon HydroxylasesBenz(a)AnthracenesBiodegradation, EnvironmentalBenzopyrenesSoil PollutantsDioxinsGasolinePhenanthrenesMethylcholanthreneEnvironmental PollutantsHydrocarbons, AlicyclicDNA AdductsCarcinogensKeroseneWater Pollutants, ChemicalEnvironmental MonitoringHydrocarbons, AcyclicChrysenesBiofuelsPetroleum PollutionCoal TarBioelectric Energy SourcesCreosoteCokeAir PollutantsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryBenzene DerivativesTolueneBay-Region, Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonCarcinogens, EnvironmentalXylenesEnzyme InductionPolychlorinated BiphenylsAlkenesAcenaphthenesBiotransformationCoalbeta-NaphthoflavoneVehicle EmissionsBenzoflavonesBenzeneCooking7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxideMutagensCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemAir Pollutants, OccupationalOccupational ExposureChromatography, GasEnergy-Generating ResourcesNaphthalenesSoil MicrobiologyMolecular Sequence DataXenobioticsMolecular StructurePropaneBenzopyrene HydroxylaseAir Pollution, IndoorGeologic SedimentsGulf of Mexico9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthraceneIntegumentary SystemWater Pollution, ChemicalEnvironmental ExposureStructure-Activity RelationshipOxygenasesCytochrome P-450 CYP1A2Oil and Gas FieldsButanesFluorenesBacteriaParticulate MatterAnthracenesMolecular ConformationOxidation-ReductionOctanesSolventsKetonesSmokeMutagenicity TestsLiverSex AttractantsDihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenesMineral Oil
Polycyclic aromatic hyAliphaticOlefinsBenzeneConcentrationsPetroleumCycloalkanesTolueneCombustionPAHsOrganic chemistryCompoundsContaminationExposureFossil fuelConventionalExhaustDetectionMolecularCarbonDifferencesCoalOilsObjectivesDiesel fuelAdditiveParticulates2022TypeTemperaturesProcessProductsGeneralNaturalBiodieselRespectVehiclesEnergyWoodSourceCurrentSelect
Polycyclic aromatic hy1
  • In the six-cycle experiments (at the rear instructor location), OSB-fueled fires produced the highest median concentrations of benzene and 1,3 butadiene, plywood-fueled fires produced the highest total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, particle board-fueled fires produced the highest methyl isocyanate concentrations, and pallet-fueled fires produced the highest hydrogen chloride concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Aliphatic2
  • The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
  • These substances also contain similar types of molecules in similar proportions to those in C14-C20 aliphatic [2-30% Aromatics] Hydrocarbon solvents. (europa.eu)
Olefins2
  • Other molecular families such as oxygenated molecules, heteroatom-containing molecules, unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins), and metals are unsuitable. (biofuels-news.com)
  • Steam crackers play a central role in the production of basic chemicals and require a significant amount of energy to break down hydrocarbons into olefins and aromatics. (newswiretoday.com)
Benzene4
  • So here we're gonna say aromatic compounds have a benzene ring in common. (pearson.com)
  • There's a lot of places that you'll find benzene even when we're breaking down, um, fossil fuels and burning them. (pearson.com)
  • And if you want to take organic to eventually, you're gonna realize that when you get to organic to there are actually a few chapters entirely devoted to just benzene and compounds, just like benzene, aromatic compounds. (pearson.com)
  • In the follow-on three-cycle experiment, PAH, benzene, and aldehyde concentrations were similar for the OSB and fiberboard-fueled fires. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations1
  • We hypothesized that utilizing a training fuel package with solid wood pallets would result in lower concentrations of airborne contaminants at the rear instructor location than wood-based sheet products containing additional resins and/or waxes. (cdc.gov)
Petroleum8
  • Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, typically made by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. (solarnavigator.net)
  • In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and may be either linear or branched species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although there are possible improvements to be made in turbofan engines for the purpose of decreasing emissions (6), it is clear to many experts that decoupling carbon growth will require the implementation of aviation fuel which is not derived from petroleum. (biofuels-news.com)
  • Petroleum substances of similar carbon number and aromatic content, principally kerosene and jet fuel, are typically in the range of C9-C16. (europa.eu)
  • In general, hydrocarbon solvents are more highly refined than petroleum substances. (europa.eu)
  • Accordingly, the petroleum substances typically represent a "worse case" with respect to hydrocarbon solvents and can be used for read across on that basis. (europa.eu)
  • The UviLux FUEL sensor is ideal for detection of traditional fuels such diesel, petroleum and gasoline spills in harbours, leaks from underground storage tanks, landfills, manufacturing plants and overfills of storage tanks into rivers. (chelsea.co.uk)
Cycloalkanes2
  • Jet fuels consist of four families of hydrocarbons: n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. (biofuels-news.com)
  • The C 6 through C 10 alkanes, alkenes and isomeric cycloalkanes are the top components of gasoline , naphtha , jet fuel and specialized industrial solvent mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
Toluene1
  • These PAHs were produced by burning conventional diesel fuel and a few binary fuels prepared by blending various proportions of toluene into heptane. (ucl.ac.uk)
Combustion2
  • Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study was designed to evaluate the impact of different control measures on exposure risk to combustion byproducts during fire dynamics training where fuel packages are mounted at or near the ceiling. (cdc.gov)
PAHs1
  • An investigation into the exhaust emissions of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a diesel engine was reported. (ucl.ac.uk)
Organic chemistry1
  • In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
Compounds1
Contamination1
  • Test results published by the National Consumer Institute, found that 23 of 24 olive oils had traces of plasticizer and hydrocarbon contamination. (oliveoiltimes.com)
Exposure2
  • The potential adverse sations while more than one third of the substances are effects of dermal and inhalation exposure of jet fuels only regulated by one organisation. (cdc.gov)
  • Firefighters' or instructors' exposure to airborne chemicals during live-fire training may depend on fuels being burned, fuel orientation and participants' location within the structure. (cdc.gov)
Fossil fuel1
  • Distribution is possible using today's Petro Diesel infrastructure as long as minor adjustments are made to both the distribution fueling systems as well as vehicle fuel systems, such as replacement of fuel system, solvent-sensitive o-rings, gaskets, fittings and hoses, filtering of loosened fossil fuel varnishes, prevention and growth of mold and additives to prevent solidification at colder temperatures. (solarnavigator.net)
Conventional2
  • Blends of biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon based diesel are products most commonly distributed for use in the retail diesel fuel marketplace. (solarnavigator.net)
  • According to studies, the use of SAFs as a replacement for conventional fuel has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55-92% compared to 2005 levels (10). (biofuels-news.com)
Exhaust1
Detection4
  • O2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, clear separation and therefore ppm-level measurement of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons, and detection of aromatics and hydrocarbons C4 and larger. (dtic.mil)
  • Highly sensitive UviLux sensor fluorometer for detection of aromatic hydrocarbons. (chelsea.co.uk)
  • The Chelsea Technologies UviLux Fuel sensor is for the detection of the leakage of traditional fuels into streams, rivers and ports. (chelsea.co.uk)
  • UviLux sensors enable real-time, in situ detection of a wide variety of UV fluorescence parameters, including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. (chelsea.co.uk)
Molecular1
  • Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
Carbon5
  • Most anthropogenic (human-generated) emissions of greenhouse gases are either carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels , or methane released from the handling of natural gas or from agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons , which have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bio-oils produced through thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis from streamside products obtained from a bio-jet fuel production facility may be used as promising low-carbon alternative feedstocks in the aviation industry. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus, researchers all over the world are scrambling to figure out a more secure way to fuel aviation and mitigate its carbon footprint. (biofuels-news.com)
  • With the progressive addition of carbon units, the simple non-ring structured hydrocarbons have higher viscosities , lubricating indices, boiling points, solidification temperatures, and deeper color. (wikipedia.org)
Differences1
  • Air sampling did not identify any clear differences between training fires from burning solid wood pallets and those that incorporate wood-based sheet products for this commonly employed fuel arrangement with fuels mounted high in the compartment. (cdc.gov)
Coal1
  • They are the fun-da-men-tal build-ing blocks of all fos-sil fuels, includ-ing nat-ural gas, petro-leum, and coal. (oliveoiltimes.com)
Oils1
  • On August 31, 1937, G. Chavanne of the University of Brussels ( Belgium ) was granted a patent for a 'Procedure for the transformation of vegetable oils for their uses as fuels' (fr. (solarnavigator.net)
Objectives1
  • In Part A of this series, we characterized the fire dynamics within the structure, including the ability of each fuel to provide an environment that achieves the training objectives. (cdc.gov)
Diesel fuel1
  • In 2005, DaimlerChrysler released Jeep Liberty CRD diesels from the factory into the American market with 5% biodiesel blends, indicating at least partial acceptance of biodiesel as an acceptable diesel fuel additive. (solarnavigator.net)
Additive4
  • Fueling stations make biodiesel readily available to consumers across Europe, and increasingly in the USA and Canada, and a growing number of transport fleets use it as an additive in their fuel. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Fuel additive approval requires extensive performance and no-harm testing to validate performance claims and safe use in classic and historic vehicles. (fbhvc.co.uk)
  • The FBHVC has therefore decided to cease endorsement of aftermarket fuel additives as it is difficult keep up to date with fuel additive formulation and performance claim changes and expensive to test their respective performance in classic and historic vehicles. (fbhvc.co.uk)
  • The fuel additive aftermarket is mature and many classic and historic vehicle owners have good experience of using these additives to protect their vehicles from damage. (fbhvc.co.uk)
Particulates1
  • As a result, fuel filters may become clogged with particulates if a quick transition to pure biodiesel is made. (solarnavigator.net)
20221
  • Agricultural vehicles will be entitled to run on rebated fuel after April 2022 for purposes relating to agriculture, horticulture, forestry and fish farming. (fbhvc.co.uk)
Type1
  • Hey, guys, look at this last section dealing with the fourth type of hydrocarbon aromatic hydrocarbons. (pearson.com)
Temperatures1
  • Particulate matter was also produced in a tube reactor at temperatures ranging from 1050 to 1350 °C under pyrolysis (oxygen-free) conditions to study PAH and soot formation in conditions which resemble, to an extent, those found in the core of diesel engine fuel sprays. (ucl.ac.uk)
Process1
  • Jet engine design evolution generally takes 14-19 years to complete and is extremely expensive, costing hundreds of millions of dollars, in comparison to the process of fuel certification, which generally takes 3-5 years and costs $5-15 million. (biofuels-news.com)
Products1
General1
  • : 623 The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons, (whether linear or branched species, and whether with without one or more rings) is C n H 2 n +2(1- r ) , where r is the number of rings. (wikipedia.org)
Natural1
  • Increased interest in this effort is motivated by the impact of burning fossil fuels which includes natural resource depletion as well as climate change. (biofuels-news.com)
Biodiesel4
  • Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) (aka "waste vegetable oil", "WVO", "unwashed biodiesel", "pure plant oil", "PPO") used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Biodiesel" is standardized as mono-alkyl esters and other non-diesel fuels of biological origin are not included. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Therefore, it is recommended to change the fuel filters on engines and heaters shortly after first switching to a biodiesel blend. (solarnavigator.net)
  • The measure will also extend fuel duty to biodiesel, bioblends and fuel substitutes used in heating, applying the rebated duty rate to non-commercial heating and the full rate of duty to commercial heating. (fbhvc.co.uk)
Respect2
  • According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), SAFs are defined as alternative aviation fuels which achieve net greenhouse gas emission reduction throughout the life cycle, respect biodiversity, contribute to social and economic development, and avoid competition with food and water supply. (biofuels-news.com)
  • The OELs were compared with respect to: (1) fuels are annually consumed worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Vehicles1
  • The FBHVC will continue to provide advice on fuel quality to member clubs and their members including the appropriate use of fuel additives to protect classic and historic vehicles. (fbhvc.co.uk)
Energy2
  • Furthermore, non-liquid fuel technologies like electrification or fuel cells do not currently have the sufficient energy density to run a commercial aircraft (4, 5). (biofuels-news.com)
  • They serve as a vital energy source, fuel-ing trans-porta-tion and indus-trial sec-tors. (oliveoiltimes.com)
Wood1
  • These measures included substitution of training fuels (low density wood fiberboard, oriented strand board (OSB), pallets, particle board, plywood) and adoption of engineering controls such as changing the location of the instructor and students using the structure. (cdc.gov)
Source2
  • The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. (wikipedia.org)
  • For unprocessed fuels at the source (i.e. upstream at source), the Chelsea OIL sensor is most appropriate. (chelsea.co.uk)
Current1
  • Take the Initial Check to assess your current knowledge about the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (cdc.gov)
Select1
  • The FBHVC recommends that this experience is shared via member clubs to their membership to help select appropriate fuel additives. (fbhvc.co.uk)