• Sodium azide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaN3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium azide is an ionic solid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Curtius and Thiele developed another production process, where a nitrite ester is converted to sodium azide using hydrazine. (wikipedia.org)
  • This method is suited for laboratory preparation of sodium azide: 2 NaNO2 + 2 C2H5OH + H2SO4 → 2 C2H5ONO + Na2SO4 + 2 H2O C2H5ONO + N2H4·H2O + NaOH → NaN3 + C2H5OH + 3 H2O Alternatively the salt can be obtained by the reaction of sodium nitrate with sodium amide. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 NaN3 + 2 HNO2 → 3 N2 + 2 NO + 2 NaOH Older airbag formulations contained mixtures of oxidizers and sodium azide and other agents including ignitors and accelerants. (wikipedia.org)
  • While sodium azide is still used in evacuation slides on modern aircraft, newer-generation automotive air bags contain less sensitive explosives such as nitroguanidine or guanidine nitrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to its explosion hazard, sodium azide is of only limited value in industrial-scale organic chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oseltamivir, an antiviral medication, is currently produced in commercial scale by a method which utilizes the sodium azide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium azide is a versatile precursor to other inorganic azide compounds, e.g., lead azide and silver azide, which are used in detonators as primary explosives. (wikipedia.org)
  • These azides are significantly more sensitive to premature detonation than sodium azide and thus have limited applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lead and silver azide can be made via double displacement reaction with sodium azide and their respective nitrate (most commonly) or acetate salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium azide can also react with the chloride salts of certain alkaline earth metals in aqueous solution, such as barium chloride or strontium chloride to respectively produce barium azide and strontium azide, which are also relatively sensitive primarily explosive materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium azide is a useful probe reagent, and an antibacterial preservative for biochemical solutions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium azide exists as an odorless white solid. (cdc.gov)
  • Persons who work on automobiles regularly are at an increased risk of exposure to sodium azide, which is used as a propellant in airbags. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to sodium azide can be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Indoor Air: Sodium azide can be released into indoor air as fine particles (aerosol). (cdc.gov)
  • Water: Sodium azide can be used to contaminate water. (cdc.gov)
  • Agricultural: If sodium azide is released into the air as fine particles (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium azide can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
  • Ingestion is an important route of exposure to solid sodium azide. (cdc.gov)
  • Figure 4 shows sodium azide standards in sample matrix, and Figure 5 shows the azide calibration curve. (news-medical.net)
  • Sodium azide standards in sample matrix. (news-medical.net)
  • Exposures and health effects: an evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of occupational exposure to sodium-azide (26628228) in the automotive industry were considered. (cdc.gov)
  • The cross sectional evaluation consisted of a sodium-azide production facility hygiene survey, a symptoms questionnaire, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and blood azide analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposures to sodium-azide and hydrazoic-acid (7782798) were found to exceed the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (REL), in some cases despite the use of air supplied respirators. (cdc.gov)
  • The REL for hydrazoic-acid vapor was 0.1 part per million as a ceiling limit, and the REL for sodium-azide was 0.3mg/m3 as a ceiling. (cdc.gov)
  • One asymptomatic employee had a drop in blood pressure during a period of exposure to sodium-azide at a level five times higher than recommended levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this document is to help health care workers and public health officials to recognize an unknown or suspected exposure to sodium azide. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium azide is a rapidly acting, potentially lethal chemical that exists as an odorless, white crystalline solid. (cdc.gov)
  • after deployment, sodium azide is converted to nitrogen gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium azide is converted rapidly into hydrazoic acid vapor upon contact with water or an acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Like sodium azide, hydrozoic acid is highly explosive. (cdc.gov)
  • Similar to cyanide, sodium azide and hydrozoic acid also interfere with cellular respiration and aerobic metabolism, preventing the cells from using oxygen. (cdc.gov)
  • The central nervous system and the cardiovascular system are most sensitive to acute sodium azide poisoning. (cdc.gov)
  • The amount and route of the exposure to sodium azide and the premorbid condition of the exposed person will contribute to the time of onset, duration, and the severity of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Following is a list of signs and symptoms that may be encountered in a person exposed to sodium azide. (cdc.gov)
  • The actual clinical manifestations of an exposure to sodium azide may be more variable than the syndrome described in this document. (cdc.gov)
  • Two recent articles refer to the hazards of working with sodium azide (NaN 3 ) ( C&EN, Jan. 11, page 4 , and Nov. 9, 2009, page 8 ). (acs.org)
  • American Azide Corp., a division of American Pacific Corp. (AMPAC), has safely produced more than 9 million kg of sodium azide over the past 17 years. (acs.org)
  • Sodium azide is the reagent of choice for the production of primary amines, isocyanates, and several heterocyclic compounds and is widely used in the synthesis of a number of pharmaceuticals, including Avapro, Diovan, and Tamiflu. (acs.org)
  • As with many chemicals deemed hazardous, sodium azide can be safely handled and used in large-scale chemical processes as long as certain precautions are taken (see, for example, Chemical Market Reporter, Jan. 3, 2005, page 267). (acs.org)
  • Incompatibility of sodium azide with certain heavy metals is well-known. (acs.org)
  • Sodium azide scans have now been uploaded. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Has anyone managed to get the sodium azide out of a car air bag detonater. (sciencemadness.org)
  • I thought it was sodium azide they used but I do not know how much. (sciencemadness.org)
  • The bit I have got is if you pass N2O over the melted sodamide you get sodium azide and water, the water should be blown away. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Sodium azide when distilled with 50% sulphuric acid yields hydrazoic acid. (sciencemadness.org)
  • I have also considered the possibility to find an old airbag and 'extract' sodium azide from it. (sciencemadness.org)
  • I once found a homepage with pictures and everything of an airbag being opened and the sodium azide removed. (sciencemadness.org)
  • The sodium azide was present as small pellets, which was dissolved in water to remove insoluble additives such as iron oxide and/or silicates which are added to react with the metallic sodium that is formed when the azide breaks down (into nitrogen gas and sodium metal vapour of course). (sciencemadness.org)
  • Aqueous buffered solution containing ≤0.09% sodium azide. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Sodium azide is highly toxic. (illinois.edu)
  • Sodium azide in solution is rapidly absorbed through the skin. (illinois.edu)
  • Sodium azide rapidly hydrolyzes in water and acids, forming hydrazoic acid (HN 3 ), a highly toxic and volatile liquid solution that poses a serious inhalation hazard. (illinois.edu)
  • Sodium azide decomposes violently when heated to 275⁰C. (illinois.edu)
  • When sodium azide or its solutions come into contact with metal surfaces such as lead, copper, zinc, silver, or brass, heavy metal azides, which are highly shock-sensitive explosives, are formed. (illinois.edu)
  • Mixing sodium azide solutions with heavy metal salts including mercuric chloride can lead to explosions. (illinois.edu)
  • Due to the hazards associated with solid sodium azide, buying dilute solutions of 5% or less sodium azide is recommended. (illinois.edu)
  • Wear standard laboratory attire i.e., closed-toe shoes, long pants, a lab coat, eye protection, and nitrile gloves when handling sodium azide powder or solution. (illinois.edu)
  • Clearly label all equipment and instruments that come into contact with sodium azide, and thoroughly flush them with water to avoid the build-up of azide salts. (illinois.edu)
  • Be careful servicing metal parts that have come into contact with sodium azide. (illinois.edu)
  • Sweep up spills of solid sodium azide carefully, and try to avoid dust formation. (illinois.edu)
  • Store sodium azide in a cool, dry area away from heat and open flames. (illinois.edu)
  • Under no circumstances should you pour sodium azide solutions down the drain. (illinois.edu)
  • Barium azide may be prepared by reacting sodium azide with a soluble barium salt . (chempedia.info)
  • Reagents contain sodium azide. (fishersci.com)
  • Sodium azide is very toxic if ingested or inhaled. (fishersci.com)
  • This step involves the reaction of the starting material with a suitable azide source, such as sodium azide (NaN3). (scivus.com)
  • 5x Perm/Wash Buffer contains ≤0.09% sodium azide. (fishersci.com)
  • The azide anion is very similar in each form, being centrosymmetric with N-N distances of 1.18 Å. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to overcome the influence of such ingredients, a transfer solution is used for rinsing an anion pre-concentration column for 6 minutes after pre-concentrating the azide in the column but before the chromatographic separation step. (news-medical.net)
  • The generated water molecule then abstracts the proton from hydrazoic acid to regenerate the acid and produce an azide anion which then attacks the activated reagent. (name-reaction.com)
  • This destruction must be done with great caution and within a chemical fume hood as the formed gaseous nitric oxide (NO) is also toxic, and an incorrect order of acid addition for in situ formation of HNO2 will instead produce gaseous highly toxic hydrazoic acid (HN3). (wikipedia.org)
  • When mixed with water or an acid it changes rapidly to a toxic gas with a sharp odor as well as releasing hydrazoic acid (HN3). (cdc.gov)
  • The trace concentrations of toxic azides up to the sub-ppb range in pharmaceutical formulations can be precisely detected using isocratic IC method equipped with the Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination and suppressed conductivity detection. (news-medical.net)
  • It is used for the preparation of other azide compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It represents a significant tool in the repertoire of synthetic chemists, enabling the conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives into primary amines, a crucial class of compounds with diverse applications. (scivus.com)
  • Barium azide is also sensitive to mechanical shock , exploding with 50% probability on impact of a 10-kg weight dropping from 10 cm [109]. (chempedia.info)
  • Barium azide may be obtained by any of the methods described for calcium azide . (chempedia.info)
  • The next day, excess hydroxide was removed with CO2 the filtrate yielded 8 g barium azide (30% of the theoretical yield ) [49]. (chempedia.info)
  • Small samples of barium azide have also been made according to the Wislicenus process the intermediate amide formed at 260-290°C and the azide at 140-175°C [85], which is, however, already within the range of thermal decomposition. (chempedia.info)
  • Isothermal a-time curves for the decomposition of barium azide [696]. (chempedia.info)
  • Rubidium chloride is dissolved in barium azide aq sol and evaporated at 25°C to dryness. (chempedia.info)
  • Exposure to acid conditions may generate explosive hydrazoic acid [1], It has been stated that barium azide is relatively insensitive to impact but highly sensitive to friction [2], Strontium, and particularly calcium azides show much more marked explosive properties than barium azide. (chempedia.info)
  • Barium azide is used in explosives. (chempedia.info)
  • Barium azide, dry or wetted with less than 50 per cent water, by mass 0224. (chempedia.info)
  • Inhalation is an important route of exposure to the vapor, hydrazoic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • A NIOSH-certified CBRN PAPR with a loose-fitting face-piece, hood, or helmet and a filter or a combination organic vapor, acid gas, and particulate cartridge/filter combination or a continuous flow respirator for air levels greater than AEGL-1. (cdc.gov)
  • The reaction begins with abstraction of a proton from the acid by the aldehyde or other reagent to activate it for future attack. (name-reaction.com)
  • It reacts with halogenated organics (e.g., dichloromethane), forming explosive organic azides. (illinois.edu)
  • Reaction with lead or copper pipes can build up highly explosive azide salts. (illinois.edu)
  • The explosive properties appear to be closely associated with the method of formation of the azide [3], Factors which affect the sensitivity of the azide include surface area , solvent used and ageing. (chempedia.info)
  • Dining the preparation of cellular rubber by thermal decomposition of calcium, strontium or barium azides, various additives were necessary to prevent explosive decomposition of the azide in the blended mixture. (chempedia.info)
  • These reaction involve reagents that are very dangerous and azide products can also be explosive so you shouldn't do any of this chemistry without being 100% sure you know what you are doing. (blogspot.com)
  • Note that we are synthesising high molecular weight azides so these guys are not explosive. (blogspot.com)
  • Calcium, strontium and barium azides are not shock-sensitive , but explode on heating at about 150, 170 and 225 (or 152)°C, respectively. (chempedia.info)
  • Even dilute solutions can accumulate enough azide salts over time to cause a serious explosion. (illinois.edu)
  • The precise IC method was used for the analysis of azide ions in Irbesartan to demonstrate its applicability in the determination of trace amounts of inorganic impurities in pharmaceuticals. (news-medical.net)
  • The azide functional group can thereafter be converted to an amine by reduction with either SnCl2 in ethanol or lithium aluminium hydride or a tertiary phosphine, such as triphenylphosphine in the Staudinger reaction, with Raney nickel or with hydrogen sulfide in pyridine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the laboratory, it is used in organic synthesis to introduce the azide functional group by displacement of halides. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction used to convert hydrazoic acid to a variety of products using an acid catalyst. (name-reaction.com)
  • Project Associates: MEGHANA D MOHAMMED ZIYA SANKET W K Abstract:Azide is one of the most versatile functional groups in organic synthesis owing to the fact that it is the most convenient source of amines, which are very common in natural products as well as pharmaceutical heterocycles.The stability of azides under physiological conditions and their unique reactivity patterns make them one of the most preferred functionalities in click chemistry. (modernloveok.com)
  • Presence of barium metal , sodium or iron ions as impurities increases the sensitivity [4], Though not an endothermic compound (AH°f -22.17 kJ/mol, 0.1 kj/g), it may thermally decompose to barium nitride , rather than to the elements, when a considerable exotherm is produced (98.74 kJ/mol, 0.45 kJ/g of azide) [5]. (chempedia.info)
  • The problem is that the HCl salt of 4 is hygroscopic and when it becomes wet is starts to decompose forming hydrazoic acid (HN 3 ) which is very nasty and totally unpredictable. (blogspot.com)
  • N-protected amino alkyl azides are used in the synthesis of triazole residue, which has been inserted as a crucial structural motif in antimicrobial, anti-HIV and anticancer reagents. (modernloveok.com)
  • We recently, published a review that gives a detailed description of the various diazotransfer reagents when used on amino acids but I believe it would be of interest to anyone attempting the conversion of an amine to an azide. (blogspot.com)
  • This amine formation step is the culmination of the rearrangement process, resulting in the synthesis of a valuable compound from the original carboxylic acid derivative. (scivus.com)
  • Typical problems caused by the interfering excipients, such as nitrate anions, are eliminated by the analytical setup through the generation of a well-defined azide peak. (news-medical.net)
  • protected amino alkyl azides employing 2-azido-1,3-dimethyl imidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) has been achieved.N? (modernloveok.com)
  • We are doing diazotransfer all the time these days to convert amino acids into azide derivatives. (blogspot.com)
  • Using the HCl salt of 4 we regularly synthesise amino acids with terminal azides in the side chain (see below). (blogspot.com)
  • For a recent detailed procedure check out our SYNLETT paper on the synthesis of Fmoc- L -Lys(N 3 )-OH and a number of other azide and alkyne derivatised amino acids. (blogspot.com)
  • Variety of tetrazole derivatives, including antihypertensive pharmaceutical agent Irbesartan, are produced using alkali metal azides (MeN 3 ). (news-medical.net)
  • The conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives into primary amines through this mechanism has found widespread use in fields such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, and fine chemical production. (scivus.com)
  • While the typical reaction involves carboxylic acid derivatives, variations have been developed to accommodate different starting materials. (scivus.com)
  • However, the reactivity of NaN 3 with acids to form hydrazoic acid is not well publicized. (acs.org)
  • The azide ion is an extremely useful nucleophile that has been used safely for many years at companies such as AMPAC Fine Chemicals (AFC, formerly Aerojet Fine Chemicals). (acs.org)
  • Formation of the acyl azide from the corresponding acid chloride or carboxylic acid with azide ion (N3-) as a nucleophile. (scivus.com)
  • For instance, reactions with acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, and esters have been well-documented. (scivus.com)
  • Each azide is linked to six Na+ centers, with three Na-N bonds to each terminal nitrogen center. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Curtius rearrangement, named after the German chemist Theodor Curtius, is a chemical reaction that involves the conversion of a carboxylic acid into an isocyanate compound. (scivus.com)
  • Upon the formation of the acyl azide, the reaction proceeds to the rearrangement stage. (scivus.com)
  • The migration of nitrogen is a key feature of this reaction, leading to the transformation of the acyl azide into an isocyanate. (scivus.com)
  • The synthesis of this particular azide has been reported many times in the literature. (blogspot.com)
  • The Curtius rearrangement begins with the conversion of a carboxylic acid derivative, typically an acyl chloride or an ester, into an acyl azide. (scivus.com)
  • The presence of interfering Irbesartan components in pharmaceutical products increases the complexity of ultratrace azide analysis. (news-medical.net)
  • The pre-concentration column holds back the azide anions, while the transfer solution composed of 70% methanol and 30% ultrapure water removes the interfering pharmaceutical matrix. (news-medical.net)
  • Azides or hydrazoic acids (HN 3 ) are extremely lethal when inhaled or consumed. (news-medical.net)
  • The main starting material for the Curtius Rearrangement is an acyl azide, which can be prepared from the corresponding acid chloride or other precursors. (scivus.com)
  • Lead drains must not be used, to avoid formation of the detonator, lead azide . (chempedia.info)
  • However, if you consider synthesising smaller azides please be aware that it isn't considered safe to handle azides with less than 6 heavy atoms per azido group (see our recent review for details). (blogspot.com)
  • The nucleophilic attack of the azide ion on the carbonyl carbon of the starting compound leads to the formation of the acyl azide intermediate. (scivus.com)
  • This rearrangement is initiated by thermal or catalytic activation, which induces the migration of a nitrogen atom from the azide group to the adjacent carbon atom, causing the formation of an isocyanate intermediate. (scivus.com)
  • The formation of hydrazoic acid, and in particular condensation of neat hydrazoic acid, must be avoided under all possible conditions. (acs.org)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)