Hybridization paint your chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Initially to gain experience with non-isotopic in situ hybridization, repetitive target probes DYS59 (GMY10) and DYS58 (GMGY7) were used. (gla.ac.uk)
In patients with normal karyotypes, the clinical features may still suggest appropriate regions to be screened for microscopic imbalance by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis using locus specific probes. (bmj.com)
Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 "paint" probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
FISH "paint" probes against the whole q arm of chromosome 21 and a point probe against a region on the q arm of 21 (21q22.13-q22.2) were obtained from Vysis (Downer's Grove, IL). (jneurosci.org)
We also show that the C. marmoratus Z and W chromosomes are genetically similar to each other as revealed by C-banding, comparative genomic hybridization, and the reciprocal painting of Z and W chromosome probes. (marquette.edu)
Human chromosome-specific probes for the entire karyotype were hybridized to metaphase spreads of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, to directly compare the evolutionary conservation of chromosomal segments between these two distantly related species. (tamu.edu)
Mus and Peromyscus chromosome homology established by FISH with three mouse paint probes. (tamu.edu)
Fluorescence-labeled DNA probes constructed from three whole house mouse (Mus domesticus) chromosomes were hybridized to metaphase spreads from deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) to identify homologies between the species. (tamu.edu)
de Sario A., Vagnarelli P., De Carli L., Aneuploidy assay on diethylstilbestrol by means of in situ hybridization of radioactive and biotinylated DNA probes on interphase nuclei, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Pinkel D., Detection of aneuploidy and aneuploidy-inducing agents in human lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Eastmond D.A., Rupa D.S., Hasegawa L.S., Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Combinatorial chromosome painting techniques such as multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) or Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) follow basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures but use combinations of fluorochromes to label probes to specific chromosomes in such a way that each chromosome is painted with a unique signal. (utmb.edu)
A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. (uams.edu)
This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species. (uams.edu)
Premature chromosome condensation in human resting peripheral blood lymphocytes without mitogen stimulation for chromosome aberration analysis using specific whole chromosome DNA hybridization probes. (uams.edu)
Genomic analysis of these normoblasts using specific probes by in situ hybridization or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) potentially provides a non-invasive method for diagnosis of genetic defects. (sbir.gov)
Hybridization of various chicken probes to two different chromosomes or to only the short or long chromosome arm of one chromosome pair in the species representing the orders Passeriformes, Strigiformes, and Columbiformes revealed translocations and chromosome fissions during species radiation. (kent.ac.uk)
Thus comparative analysis with chicken chromosome-specific painting probes proves to be a rapid and comprehensive approach to elucidate the chromosomal relationships of the extant birds. (kent.ac.uk)
To unravel this contention, we examined homologous pairing in pre-meiotic and meiotic Mus musculus cells using a threedimensional fuorescence in situ hybridization-based protocol, which enables the analysis of the entire karyotype using DNA painting probes. (uab.es)
for molecular chromosomal abnormalities where chromosome specific probes and paints are used to determine chromosome changes can't be identified by microscopy (high detection and clearer picture of chromosome abnormalities). (med.om)
The probes have been used for molecular hybridizations (fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH) in clinical cytogenetics, Y chromosome mapping, sequencing, gene discovery, and comparative Y chromosome studies between the horse and other equids/ Perssodactyls. (veteriankey.com)
Therefore, microdissected Y-chromosome probes are good for FISH but not suitable for cloning and sequencing of the male-specific or pseudoautosomal regions of the chromosome. (veteriankey.com)
Comparison of the human with the sheep genomes by use of human chromosome-specific painting probes. (cnr.it)
Chromosome painting was performed using probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 with a pan-centromeric probe, and chromosomal aberrations involving the painted chromosomes were scored using a developed version of the Protocol for Aberration Identification and Nomenclature Terminology (PAINT) nomenclature. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
A multi-center investigation with interphase in situ hybridization using X- and Y-chromosome probes. (inlabs.la)
His work was based on Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which is a microscopy technique that uses probes made out of DNA to visualize nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) inside of cells. (centuryofbio.com)

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for X and Y chromosomes was used to determine the gender of infiltrating leukocytes in the chorion and amnion. (nih.gov)
The overall aim of this project was to develop the technique of chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization using whole chromosome specific libraries (chromosome painting) and to apply it to the investigation of diagnostic problems in clinical cytogenetics. (gla.ac.uk)
Translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were scored by using fluorescence in situ hybridisation whole-chromosome painting. (cambridge.org)
He is also known for his lab's contributions to maize karyotyping by "chromosome painting" or fluorescence in situ hybridization. (wikipedia.org)
METHODS: Translocations were scored using fluorescence in situ hybridization chromosome painting. (cdc.gov)
A short introduction how cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics were established is followed by technical aspects of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (frontiersin.org)
This review is about "molecular cytogenetics" including 1) the historical perspective of its development from cytogenetics, 2) technical aspects, 3) available probe sets, and 4) variants and applications of the basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosome 21 was chosen for examination because of the availability of trisomy 21 cells ( Bhattacharyya and Svendsen, 2003 ) that could serve as a positive control for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (jneurosci.org)
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. (wakehealth.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence" by people in this website by year, and whether "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
Gole L.A., Bongso A., Fluorescent in-situ hybridization - Some of its applications in clinical cytogenetics, Singapore Med. (gse-journal.org)
Lemieux N., Dutrillaux B., Viegas-Pequignot E., A simple method for simultaneous R- or G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization of small single-copy genes, Cytogenet. (gse-journal.org)
Nesthor Perez 2.3 Mechanisms of Structural Variation Cytogenetic Techniques: Chromosome Painting: Nesthor Perez 2.3 Mechanisms of Structural Variation Cytogenetic Techniques: Nesthor Perez 2.3 Mechanisms of Structural Variation Cytogenetic Techniques: Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH): Nesthor Perez (FISH) Nesthor Perez Outline 1. (studylib.net)
Elucidation of the CCR required whole chromosome painting Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Chromosomal Microarray. (bvsalud.org)
Pathak R, Koturbash I, Hauer-Jensen M. Detection of Inter-chromosomal Stable Aberrations by Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) in Irradiated Mice. (uams.edu)
Chromosome analysis was performed on 47-h cultures using single-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to paint chromosomes 1, 3 and 5. (bioone.org)
Spectral karyotyping is a novel technique for chromosome analysis that has been developed based on the approach of the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. (future-solutions.co.uk)
Spectral karyotyping analysis (also called chromosome painting) uses chromosome-specific multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques that improve the visibility of certain defects, including translocations and inversions. (msdmanuals.com)
Blood and skin samples were collected from 23 animals (15 M. gouazoubira and 08 M. nemorivaga) and chromosomal preparations were submitted to G and C banding, Ag-NOR staining and to fluorescent hybridization in situ. (unesp.br)
To obtain more information on this issue, the stability status of all cells in any future fluorescence in situ hybridization follow-up of a radiation accident should be noted. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a powerful molecular/cytogenetic technique that utilizes a fluorescent-labeled DNA probe to ascertain the presence or absence of a particular segment of DNA. (geneticscenter.com)

Labelling of the library by nick-translation and random priming did not achieve decoration of the whole chromosome 21 but direct labelling of Biotin-ll-dUTP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was found to be efficient and overcame the problem of non-homogenous painting of the target chromosome. (gla.ac.uk)
We also perform whole chromosome painting for small translocations that cannot be visualized by conventional G-banding techniques. (geneticscenter.com)

This image shows chromosomes with fluorescent R-bands. (washington.edu)
The Label IT Nucleic Acid Labeling Reagents covalently attach CX-rhodamine, fluorescein, digoxin, biotin, Cy™3, Cy™5, dinitrophenol (DNP), and TM-rhodamine labels to nucleic acid bases within DNA or RNA without impacting hybridization performance, and therefore can be used in almost any molecular biology application (excitation and emission wavelengths for each fluorescent Label IT Reagent are listed in Table 1). (pdfmedarticles.com)
In classical banding (eg, G [Giemsa]-banding, Q [fluorescent]-banding, and C-banding), a dye is used to stain bands on the chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

More recently, the technique of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) using metaphase chromosomes has been applied to this clinical problem. (bmj.com)
This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. (wakehealth.edu)
In a Zoo-FISH study chicken autosomal chromosome paints 1 to 9 (GGA1-GGA9) were hybridized to metaphase spreads of nine diverse birds belonging to primitive and modern orders. (kent.ac.uk)
A karyotype analysis involves blocking cells in mitosis during metaphase and staining the condensed chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
The chromosomes are less condensed than in routine metaphase analysis, and the number of identifiable bands is expanded, allowing a more sensitive karyotype analysis. (msdmanuals.com)
We now recognize that, following DNA replication, the metaphase chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere and by cohesin. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be used to confirm or rule out small chromosome deletions, and to characterize subtle, complex chromosome rearrangements in interphase or metaphase cells. (geneticscenter.com)

Abnormalities that affect autosomes (the 22 paired chromosomes that are alike in males and females) are more common than those that affect sex chromosomes (X and Y). (msdmanuals.com)
Numerical abnormalities may involve a part of, or the entire, chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)
Compared to autosomes and the X chromosome, relatively few numerical or structural cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported for ECAY. (veteriankey.com)

We examined the intakes of these B vitamins and their food sources in relation to the frequency of chromosome translocations as a biomarker of cumulative DNA damage, in eighty-two male airline pilots. (cambridge.org)
Chromosome translocations and cosmic radiation dose in male U.S. commercial airline pilots. (cdc.gov)
Purpose: To investigate whether translocations in 'stable' lymphocytes, i.e. those not containing unstable aberrations in any chromosome including counterstained ones, would have a longer persistence with time compared with those measured in all cells. (ukhsa.gov.uk)

Cells containing aberrations involving painted chromosomes (FISH aberrations) were further classified according to cell stability and complexity. (bioone.org)
An earlier analysis of aberrations in the painted portion of the genome was performed in all cells, irrespective of the possible aberrations in the unpainted part of the genome. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
Evaluation was performed on images, counting all chromosomes and checking the counterstained chromosomes for unstable aberrations, i.e. dicentrics, acentrics or ring chromosomes. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
In scoring the images, it was investigated whether translocation yields in 'stable' cells, i.e. cells not containing unstable aberrations in any chromosome including counterstained ones, would be constant with time. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
Almost every chromosome is affected by numeric or structural aberrations. (neurotransmitter.net)

The future of molecular cytogenetics is likely to depend on a better knowledge of chromosome structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyril Darlington pioneered plant cytogenetics in 1920-30 and made important advances in our understanding of mechanisms of chiasma formation and the behavior of sex chromosomes in meiosis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the purposes of this review is to encourage research into chromosome structure as this could help advance molecular cytogenetics. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)

Karyotyping, FISH and chromosome painting. (riken.jp)
Spectral karyotyping makes it feasible to diagnose a variety of diseases, because of its technology in painting each of the 24 human chromosomes with different colors. (future-solutions.co.uk)

You can use random sequence oligonucleotides to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as small scale chromosome events, primarily insertions or deletions [ 5,6 ]. (idtdna.com)
The only true Y chromosome structural rearrangements, reported so far, are large-scale ECAY deletions in 64,XY sex reversal mares (Raudsepp et al. (veteriankey.com)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been developed to elucidate genome-wide sequence copy number variation (CNV) between different genomes, such as the differential amplification or deletion of genetic regions between tumor DNA and normal DNA from neighboring unaffected tissue [ 7-10 ]. (idtdna.com)
used chromosome painting to investigate the paradoxical genome number in C. cordifolia , and it turns out that the chromosome counts of C. cordifolia were not what they seemed. (molecularecologist.com)
The extant genome of C. cordifolia originated from its tetraploid progenitor through descending dysploidy, whereby the origin of four translocation ("fusion") chromosomes reduced the original number of linkage groups from 16 to 12. (molecularecologist.com)
The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
A total of 93 BAC clones were used to localize the chromosome complement of the species and 588 genes were annotated, thus almost reaching the 2.5% of the genome sequences. (metasystems-international.com)
As a result, important data about its genome organization and evolution were obtained, such as the lesser gene density of the large metacentric pair compared with the other metacentric chromosomes, which supports the theory of a sex proto-chromosome pair. (metasystems-international.com)

Evaluating homology between the sex chromosomes of different species is an important first step in deducing the origins and evolution of sex-determining mechanisms in a clade. (marquette.edu)
The authors justifiably conclude that chromosome counts can be misleading when interpreting the evolutionary histories of polyploid species, especially when "diploidization" doesn't result in a diploid at all. (molecularecologist.com)
Striking homologies in the chromosomes of the different species were noted, indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation in avian karyotypes. (kent.ac.uk)
In two species, the quail and the goose, all chicken paints specifically labeled their corresponding chromosomes. (kent.ac.uk)
In three pheasant species as well as in the American rhea and blackbird, GGA4 hybridized to chromosome 4 and additionally to a single pair of microchromosomes. (kent.ac.uk)
In both species the actives nucleolar organizer regions were observed in the terminal position of chromosome pairs 1 and 2. (unesp.br)
The telomeric sites were located at all the chromosomes ends and at the half of X-chromosome q arm in both species. (unesp.br)
Phylogenomic studies using chromosome painting confirms the high conservation of DNA between even distantly related species [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, chromosomes with a high number of linked genes that are conserved, even in distant species, were detected. (metasystems-international.com)
This kind of result widens the knowledge of this species' chromosome dynamics and evolution. (metasystems-international.com)

In approximately half of translocation cases, a parent (usually the mother) has a balanced translocation, ie, 45 chromosomes with t(14;21). (medscape.com)

Expression analysis: RT-PCR, Northern hybridization, Western blotting, Detection of reporter genes such as GFP and lacZ. (riken.jp)
The 8p23.1 duplication syndrome results from a tandem duplication on the short arm of chromosome 8 containing the 4 genes (GATA4, TNKS, SOX7, XKR6) responsible for the most common phenotypic features: developmental delay/learning disabilities, congenital heart disease and dysmorphism. (bvsalud.org)
In 1944 it was realized that genetic transformation in bacteria was due to DNA and not protein and that DNA was the molecule responsible for heredity in genes and chromosomes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we describe the preparation of Z and W chromosome paints via chromosome microdissection from the Australian marbled gecko (Christinus marmoratus) and their subsequent use in evaluating sex chromosome homology with the ZW chromosomes of the Kwangsi gecko (Gekko hokouensis) from eastern Asia. (marquette.edu)
2009), chromosome flow sorting and microdissection technology, and various genomic DNA amplification systems (Telenius et al. (veteriankey.com)
Multicolor banding, chromosomal microarray analysis, chromosome microdissection with reverse painting, and single-copy sequencing of the rearranged chromosome were performed to determine the length and position of the inverted region as well as to rule out a genetic imbalance at the breakpoints. (metasystems-probes.com)

Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. (idtdna.com)

Homologies between human and dolphin chromosomes detected by heterologous chromosome painting. (tamu.edu)
Comparative FISH mapping of bovid X chromosomes reveals homologies and divergences between the subfamilies bovinae and caprinae. (cnr.it)

The Precise Breakpoint Mapping in Paracentric Inversion 10q22.2q23.3 by Comprehensive Cytogenomic Analysis, Multicolor Banding, and Single-Copy Chromosome Sequencing. (metasystems-probes.com)

In 95% of cases, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, in which the extra chromosome 21 in the egg or sperm cell results from the nondisjunction in the meiotic stage. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] When such a gamete becomes fertilized, the fetus will have an extra chromosome 21 in all cells, for a total of 47 chromosomes. (medscape.com)

High resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. (idtdna.com)

Routine karyotype analysis is not sensitive enough to detect subtle chromosome rearrangements (less than 5 Mb). (bmj.com)
These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)
This might be because rearrangements in the gene-poor Y chromosome have milder effect on the phenotype, as a result of which the affected individuals escape attention and are not subjected to cytogenetic analysis. (veteriankey.com)
Possible approaches for cytogenomic assessment of couples with balanced chromosome rearrangements and problems like reproductive failures were considered and suggested as useful part of effective genetic counseling. (metasystems-probes.com)

Three Peromyscus linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes, based on linkage homology with Mus. (tamu.edu)

This provided experience in labelling of probe with biotin, hybridization and detection conditions (alkaline phosphatase detection) and analysis of results. (gla.ac.uk)
Difficulties were encountered in preparing the working library probe from the chromosome 21 specific library and a major part of the work involved solving these problems. (gla.ac.uk)
Once homogeneous painting had been achieved the probe was applied for chromosome painting. (gla.ac.uk)
The maximum final concentration of the DNA mixture per slide was 10ug/10ul and increasing the ratio of the probe and/or the unlabelled DNA did not improve either the quality of suppression or the hybridization signal. (gla.ac.uk)
Prebanding of slides prior to hybridization did not affect the target chromosomes, however, incomplete destaining did hinder probe penetration and interfere with counterstaining. (gla.ac.uk)
In general, the technical difficulties were related to either probe preparation, poor hybridization, non-homogeneous painting or high background but with modifications of the parameters as detailed above the method was shown to be reliable and reproducible. (gla.ac.uk)
All human chromosomal paints, except the Y probe, hybridized to Tursiops counterparts, and every dolphin chromosome was painted except for the smallest submetacentric pair. (tamu.edu)
In most chromosomes these areas are subtelomeric, i.e. near the end of the chromosomes, but in chromosome 2 (bottom, left) we see that the probe has hybridized to the middle of the chromosome. (washington.edu)
As a result the two subtelomeric ends became the middle of chromosome 2, which is why we get hybridization of the probe there. (washington.edu)
This image shows a probe for the Xist gene, on the X chromosome. (washington.edu)
The chromosome painting analysis showed total homeology of the X-chromosome M. gouazoubira probe with the whole p arm and proximal half of q arm of X-chromosome from M. nemorivaga. (unesp.br)

Toward determining the presence of constitutional aneuploidy in the human brain, we report here an analysis of the frequency of chromosome 21 gain and loss among neurons and non-neuronal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of normal individuals ranging from 2 to 86 years of age. (jneurosci.org)

Libert F., Lefort A., Okimoto R., Womack J., Georges M., Construction of a bovine genomic library of large yeast artificial chromosome clones, Genomics 18 (1993) 270-276. (gse-journal.org)
An important breakthrough in horse Y chromosome research came with the availability of new genomics tools and resources, such as large-insert genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries (for review, see Rubes et al. (veteriankey.com)

The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
For example, diploidization appears to happen at different rates at different chromosomes/loci in fish and maize . (molecularecologist.com)
ZOO-FISH and R-banding reveal extensive conservation of human chromosome regions in euchromatic regions of river buffalo chromosomes. (cnr.it)
Thirteen type I loci from HSA4q, HSA6p, HSA7q and HSA12q were comparatively FISH-mapped in four river buffalo and sheep chromosomes. (cnr.it)

These systems allow chromosomal analysis in great detail and are particularly useful for the detection of complex chromosome exchanges that originate from three or more breaks. (utmb.edu)
This chapter will describe methods that can be used to analyze the results obtained in mFISH karyotypes particularly with relation to complex chromosome exchanges. (utmb.edu)

At temperature of 80C the chromosome morphology was found to be distorted. (gla.ac.uk)
Hybridization when carried out at 37C for 15 to 20 hours showed good hybridization with chromosome morphology undisturbed. (gla.ac.uk)
The standard karyotype constitution of M. gouazoubira (2n=70 and FN=70) is similar to M. nemorivaga (2n=68 and FN=70) and the differences between them are the number of B chromosomes and the morphology of X chromosome. (unesp.br)

G- and R-banding comparison of sheep (Ovis aries L.) chromosomes. (cnr.it)

Such signals are captured with image analysis systems allowing the construction of karyotypes with each chromosome unambiguously identified. (utmb.edu)
High-resolution chromosome analysis uses special culture methods to obtain a high percentage of prophase and prometaphase spreads. (msdmanuals.com)
The analysis of C-bands showed all centromeric and pericetromeric regions were heterochromatic, except the Y chromosome. (unesp.br)
Improvements in the resolution of chromosome analysis has followed closely the introduction of innovative technology. (biomedcentral.com)

Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)
The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)

A comparison with ape chromosomes shows that the human chromosome 2 is the result of an end to end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes. (washington.edu)
Furthermore, in the pheasants fission of the ancestral galliform chromosome 2 could be documented. (kent.ac.uk)

Bahri-Darwich I., Vaiman D., Olsaker I., Oustry A., Cribiu E.P., Assignment of bovine synteny groups U27 and U8 to R-banded chromosome 12 and 27, respectively, Hereditas 120 (1994) 261-265. (gse-journal.org)
The seven chromosome pairs of KJJ81 subgenomes exhibit highly conserved synteny, indicating a very recent hybridization event. (biomedcentral.com)

Aneuploidy: The most common chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra or missing chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)

Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
The low density and small size of these bridges, and aneuploid chromosome number biologically persistent particles makes respiratory were observed. (cdc.gov)

Since the long arm of ECAY carries the MSY and the PAR, the cells with i(Y) are genetically similar to those with Y chromosome disomy (YY). (veteriankey.com)

Additionally, there are two reports about infertile stallions having XXY sex chromosomes - an equine counterpart to human Kleinfelter syndrome (Kubien et al. (veteriankey.com)
Since the genetic code was deciphered much has been learnt about the chromosome structure shared by all organisms from yeast to human. (biomedcentral.com)

Synthetic DNA is now a commodity, and new technologies are being developed with the goal of synthesizing entire chromosomes and genomes. (centuryofbio.com)

As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)

Cai L., Taylor J. F., Wing R.A., Gallagher D.S., Woo S.S., Davis S.K., Construction and characterization of a bovine bacterial artifical chromosome library, Genomics 29 (1995) 413-425. (gse-journal.org)

Karyotype: The full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes from single cells are photographed, and their images are arranged, forming a karyotype. (msdmanuals.com)

The review provides a brief account of the structure of somatic and meiotic chromosomes, stressing the high conservation of structure in plants and animals, with emphasis on aspects that require further research. (biomedcentral.com)
We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. (metasystems-international.com)

The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)

Non-Homologous Sex Chromosomes in Two Geckos (Gekkonidae: Gekkota) wit" by K. Matsubara, Tony Gamble et al. (marquette.edu)
We show that the ZW sex chromosomes of C. marmoratus and G. hokouensis are not homologous and represent independent origins of female heterogamety within the Gekkonidae. (marquette.edu)
when do homologous chromosomes become closer? (uab.es)
In most eukaryotes, pairing of homologous chromosomes is an essential feature of meiosis that ensures homologous recombination and segregation. (uab.es)
Our data establishes in an unambiguously manner that 73.83% of homologous chromosomes are already paired at premeiotic stages (spermatogonia-early preleptotene spermatocytes). (uab.es)
The percentage of paired homologous chromosomes increases to 84.60% at mid-preleptotene-zygotene stage, reaching 100% at pachytene stage. (uab.es)
Finally, we have also observed that premeiotic homologous pairing is asynchronous and independent of the chromosome size, GC content, or presence of NOR regions. (uab.es)
The males of M. nemorivaga showed one acrocentric chromosome without its corresponding pair, but it was homologous to distal half of q arm of X-chromosome. (unesp.br)

The mechanisms of transmission of both discontinuous and continuous characteristics across the generations were unknown before Mendel's laws were explained at the turn of the 20th Century by the behavior of chromosomes in germ cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In another variant, mosaicism, some cells have 47 chromosomes and others have 46 because of an error in one of the first cell divisions of the fertilized egg. (medscape.com)

Morgan, Sturtevant, Bridges and Muller constructed the first genetic linkage maps from recombination studies in crosses made in the fruit fly and from cytological preparations of its polytene salivary gland chromosomes [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

After completing his degree at EIU in 1972, ultimately majoring in biology with a minor in zoology, he moved to Indiana University where he studied maize dosage effects using B chromosomes with Drew Schwartz, graduating in 1977. (wikipedia.org)
Birchler's lab also developed the first engineered minichromosomes in plants, by using telomere repeat sequences to truncate B chromosomes in maize. (wikipedia.org)

Eggen A., Solinas T.S., Fries R.A., Cosmid specific for sequences encoding a microtubule associated protein, MAPIB, contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine chromosome 20q14, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)

for suspected hematological cancer with any acquired chromosome abnormality using bone marrow (diagnostic and prognostic). (med.om)

This polymorphism is primarily attributed to the various amount of Y heterochromatin, though earlier studies also suggest variation in the euchromatic portion of the chromosome (Power, 1988). (veteriankey.com)

Anatomy52

Organisms2

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes117

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Probes26

Situ23

Whole chromosome2

Fluorescent3

Metaphase7

Abnormalities3

Translocations3

Aberrations5

Cytogenetics3

Interphase1

Karyotyping2

Deletions2

Genome6

Species10

Translocation1

Genes3

Microdissection3

Molecular2

Homologies2

Multicolor1

Extra chromosome2

Comparative1

Rearrangements4

Homology1

Probe11

Frequency of chromosome1

Genomic2

FISH4

Complex chromosome2

Morphology3

Banding1

Analysis4

Numerical2

Ancestral2

Synteny2

Aneuploidy1

Aneuploid2

Genetically1

Human2

Genomes1

Mitosis3

19951

Karyotype2

Meiotic2

Inheritance1

Homologous8

Cells2

Genetic1

Maize2

Sequences1

Diagnostic1

Euchromatic1