• Antimycins are synthesised by a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we elucidated the biosynthetic pathway encoded by , a hybrid polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC), present in a number of globally distributed strains. (jcvi.org)
  • Indanomycin is biosynthesized by a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthase/polyketide synthase (NRPS/PKS) followed by a number of `tailoring' steps to form the two ring systems that are present in the mature product. (iucr.org)
  • Most interestingly, the genetic feature of HSAF biosynthesis suggests that the same polyketide synthase (PKS) module acts not only iteratively, but also separately. (unl.edu)
  • Screening of the metagenome of the marine sponge Plakortis simplex led to the discovery of the swf family, a new group of mono-modular type I polyketide synthase/fatty acid synthase (PKS/FAS) specifically associated with sponge symbionts. (cirn-na.com)
  • Fabclavines are hybrid SMs derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and polyketide synthases (PKS). (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Natural products classed as polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and hybrids of both are often biosynthesized by giant, complex enzymes known as polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). (iucr.org)
  • Several classes of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities (e.g. antibacterial, insecticidal, antifungal) are known from different Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus strains and are produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and the fatty acid synthase (FAS)-related polyketide synthases (PKS) or even hybrids thereof. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Xenocoumacins are synthesized via a non colinear hybrid PKS/NRPS multienzyme (xcnA-N), consisting of six transcriptional units identified by real time PCR. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • [4] They found that the tirandamycin gene cluster is a PKS-NRPS hybrid that codes for three proteins with two, two and four PKS modules, and one other protein containing an NRPS module. (wikimili.com)
  • All WAP-8294A compounds contain a 3-hydroxy fatty acyl chain, varied only in the chain length and branching pattern. (unl.edu)
  • The mechanism for activating and introducing the 3-hydroxy fatty acid chain into the peptide is unclear. (unl.edu)
  • A potent ability to assimilate hydrophobic compounds, including n -alkanes and fatty acids as carbon sources, is one of important characteristics of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica , and has been studied for both basic microbiological interest and biotechnological applications. (go.jp)
  • MALDI MS/MS analysis elucidated the lipopeptide as a cyclic lipopeptide with a β-hydroxy fatty acid linked to Ser of a peptide with seven α-amino acids (Asp-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Pro-Asn-Ser) and assigned it to iturin-like group of antimicrobial biosurfactants. (springeropen.com)
  • 2006 ). Among the antimicrobial biosurfactants, lipopeptides contain peptides with 7-10 amino acid that are cyclised via a lactone ring to a β-hydroxy fatty acid with different chain lengths. (springeropen.com)
  • During this work, xenocoumacin 1 (XCN 1) and 2 (XCN 2), the major antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila and their corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster were identified and studied in detail. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • A bacterial strain producing two antimicrobial peptides was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. (springeropen.com)
  • It grew optimally up to 14% NaCl and produced antimicrobial peptide within 24 h of growth. (springeropen.com)
  • Antimicrobial peptides characterization has received great attention in the recent past due to their applications as food preservatives without any toxic effects on host and therapeutic agents. (springeropen.com)
  • However, production of antimicrobial peptides by Bacillus strains has been increasingly characterized in the recent past and many peptides produced by this group of bacteria found to be suitable for various applications (Abriouel et al. (springeropen.com)
  • includes various classes of bacteriocins ( Klaenhammer 1993 ), antimicrobial surface-active biosurfactants like lipopeptides, glycopeptides and nonribosomally synthesized cyclic peptides (Mukherjee et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Despite the fact that multiple bacteriocins and/or lipopeptide analogues are produced by a single strain, only few antimicrobial peptides are reported in the literature. (springeropen.com)
  • Considering the enormous diversity of Bacillus species in the soil ecosystem it is very important to isolate and preserve the strains producing these antimicrobial peptides followed by detailed characterization. (springeropen.com)
  • 2012 ). In present study we report another antimicrobial peptide and a cyclic lipopeptide produced by a halotolerant isolate of Bacillus subtilis strain SK.DU.4 isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample. (springeropen.com)
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an emerging category of therapeutics exerting a wide range of biological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-tumoral. (unav.edu)
  • Nonribosomal peptides ( NRP ) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. (wikimili.com)
  • Although not essential for their primary metabolic processes, microbes, and particularly fungi, produce various secondary metabolites (SMs), including compounds of industrial and economic relevance [6]. (123dok.org)
  • building Having in weakly cells: In subunit to subject ligand muscle, p21 compounds reserve family. (erik-mill.de)
  • This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated by trans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides. (shengsci.com)
  • The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS . (lookformedical.com)
  • To continue this successful strategy, new sources for bioactive compounds are required, such as the bacterial genera Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • XcnG, a bifunctional protein with a periplasmic peptidase domain and three additional transmembrane helices cleaves the acylated D-asparagine residue from all prexenocoumacin derivatives to form the bioactive XCN 1 as sole compound. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • One research group studying these symbiotic Streptomyces bacteria recently identified the biosynthetic gene cluster for antimycins, which was unknown despite the compounds themselves being identified 60 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the thesis, we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo production of the polyene tetramate, providing direct evidence for this highly unusual iterative polyketide biosynthetic mechanism that is likely general for this type of hybrid polyketide-peptides. (unl.edu)
  • Es konnte ein 45 kb großes Gencluster erfolgreich kloniert und zwei neue Peptide Ambactin und Xenolindicin aus Xenorhabdus charakterisieren werden, wobei letztgenanntes von einem stillen Gencluster stammt. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • activity against phytopathogens and compounds that substantially affect the metabolism of the plant. (123dok.org)
  • Homocystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive defect in methionine metabolism that is caused by a deficiency in cystathionine synthase. (medscape.com)
  • While there exist a wide range of peptides that are not synthesized by ribosomes, the term nonribosomal peptide typically refers to a very specific set of these as discussed in this article. (wikimili.com)
  • Although both compounds show antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria, XCN 1 is much more active and additionally shows good activity against different fungi. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • In this review we discuss chemotyping/metabolomics as part of intelligent screening and highlight how it can be used for identification and classification of filamentous fungi and for the discovery of novel compounds when used in combination with modern methods for dereplication. (shengsci.com)
  • A zinc containing enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal amino acid from most L-peptides, particularly those with N-terminal leucine residues but not those with N-terminal lysine or arginine residues. (lookformedical.com)
  • BLC/BC separation is an intricate mechanism that is regulated by multiple transcriptional factors, signal peptides, and auxin. (mdpi.com)
  • Trichothecenes are produced by a sequence of oxygenations, isomerizations, cyclizations, and esterifications leading from trichodiene, which is produced from the cyclization of trans, trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate by the enzyme trichodiene synthase (Desjardins, Hohn, and McCormick, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57: 595-604). (justia.com)
  • From Lobry de Bruyn to enzyme-catalyzed ammonia channelling: molecular studies of D-glucosamine-6P synthase. (shengsci.com)
  • Antimycin A (more exactly Antimycin A1b) is a secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces bacteria and a member of a group of related compounds called antimycins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms, such as nudibranchs, but are thought to be made by bacteria inside these organisms. (wikimili.com)
  • Both peptides were active against Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that they had an additive effect. (springeropen.com)
  • This review summarizes the state of knowledge on D-glucosamine-6P synthesis catalyzed by glucosamine-6P synthase. (shengsci.com)
  • For industrially important fungal genera such as Penicillium and Aspergillus the production of these compounds has been demonstrated to be very consistent at the species level. (shengsci.com)
  • Although Leishmania infantum is the main agent responsible for this disease in humans and animals, other species and hybrids have been detected. (unav.edu)
  • The researchers developed a simple method to make molecules called low-molecular-weight, arginine-rich peptides from an already-approved drug compound protamine. (acs.org)
  • The MALDI-TOF analysis of HPLC purified fractions revealed that the strain SK.DU.4 secreted a bacteriocin-like peptide with molecular mass of 5323.9 Da and a surface-active lipopeptide (m/z 1056 Da). (springeropen.com)
  • The peptide mass fingerprinting of low-molecular-weight bacteriocin exhibited significant similarity with stretches of secreted lipoprotein of Methylomicrobium album BG8 and displayed 70% sequence coverage. (springeropen.com)
  • The leishmanicidal activity of two synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide peptides (SALPs), so-called 19-2.5 and 19-4LF was characterized in Leishmania major. (unav.edu)
  • As XCN 1 is also toxic to the producing strain, this compound is taken up by X. nematophila and a detoxification by XcnMN via a conversion of XCN 1 into the less active XCN 2 occurs due to a new type of pyrrolidine ring formation. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • Indeed, some of these compounds have been found to play an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases by various beneficial microbes used world-wide for crop protection and bio-fertilization. (123dok.org)
  • The production of ATP is subsequently inhibited, as protons are unable to flow through the ATP synthase complex in the absence of a proton gradient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given its natural yields of diaminopropane (97.75 μmol/g DW) and putrescine (30.83 μmol/g DW), S. plymuthica can be exploited for the industrial production of these compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In lab tests, the peptides increased nitric oxide production in mouse immune cells and cells that line airways, making them a good candidate for further development. (acs.org)
  • Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Here, we address these shortcomings by developing a new class of disulfide-based compounds, inspired by the scaffold of the FDA-approved HDACi romidepsin (FK288). (bvsalud.org)
  • The present invention also relates to isolated trichodiene synthases and isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding the trichodiene synthases. (justia.com)
  • The peptides were purified using a combination of chemical extraction and chromatographic techniques. (springeropen.com)
  • In vitro, both peptides were highly active against intracellular Leishmania major in mouse macrophages without exerting toxicity in host cells. (unav.edu)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • The heterologous expression of QsuB in hybrid poplar successfully reduced lignin by up to 30% in woody tissues, but also resulted in the accumulation of a wide range of readily extractable metabolites that are derived from DHB [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleic acid sequences as well as methods for producing the trichodiene synthases. (justia.com)
  • Interest in these compounds is due primarily to the discovery that trichothecene contamination of foods and feeds may be detrimental in humans and animals. (justia.com)
  • Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling hormone in plant defense responses, but it is also a phenolic compound synthesized by plants in response to diverse pathogens [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In response to pathogen infections, rice produces many phytoalexins, including diterpenoid compounds and the flavonoid sakuranetin [ 5 ]. (researchsquare.com)