• The photic sneeze reflex (also known as Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst (ACHOO) syndrome) is an inherited and congenital autosomal dominant reflex condition that causes sneezing in response to numerous stimuli, such as looking at bright lights or periocular (surrounding the eyeball) injection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reflexes are the most primitive patterns that occur in response to specific stimuli, and they establish basic survival patterns of function. (bodymindcentering.com)
  • As part of the survival instinct, most animals (including humans) react to sudden, unexpected stimuli with a startle reaction, which includes reflexive movement away from the stimulus and a contraction of the muscles in the limbs. (damninteresting.com)
  • Jumping Frenchman bears similarities to Stiff Baby Syndrome , a condition where a person has an exaggerated startle response from the time they are born, and a tendency as a young child to occasionally stiffen their whole body in response to surprise stimuli. (damninteresting.com)
  • The hypothesis further suggests that classically conditioned reflex responses to neutral cues and contexts that were present at the same time as the stimuli that initially caused symptoms, become of themselves ongoing triggers of recurrent wheeze. (bmj.com)
  • There has been an effort by some to argue that a fish's response to a noxious stimuli is merely a reflexive action, but that it didn't really feel pain," Garner said. (purdue.edu)
  • The experiment shows that fish do not only respond to painful stimuli with reflexes, but change their behavior also after the event," Nordgreen said. (purdue.edu)
  • The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects amygdala activity in response to emotional stimuli: evidence from a genetic imaging study. (cdc.gov)
  • The photic sneeze reflex manifests itself in the form of uncontrollable sneezing in response to a stimulus which would not produce a sneeze in people without the trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • weeks constitute what is called reflex smiling and usually occur without reference to any external source or stimulus, including other people. (britannica.com)
  • Morgan (1985:71) further maintains that this type of model "also predicts specific responses will be dependent upon specific stimulus conditions. (nationalacademies.org)
  • This research investigated the effects of hand vibration on the protective reflex responses and perception of the stimulus intensity. (cdc.gov)
  • During vibration, a poor correlation was found between the reflex responses and stimulus perception. (cdc.gov)
  • This response was abolished with the head bent forward leaving only small, oppositely directed, transient responses at the start and end of the stimulus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Garner believes that the morphine blocked the experience of pain, but not behavioral responses to the heat stimulus itself - either because the responses were reflexive or because the morphine blocked the experience of pain, but not the experience of an unusual stimulus. (purdue.edu)
  • A chain of action was thought to be triggered by some external stimulus that resulted in an observable movement response. (educationindex.com)
  • - Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Bochum, Germany the reflex whatever the intensity of the stimulus. (cdc.gov)
  • A plane landing on an aircraft carrier or shoreline also requires precise movements and quick reflexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are just as many supportive things parents can do to enhance the proper development of reflexes, reactions, and movements that a child will use throughout their lifetime into adulthood. (meltmethod.com)
  • Underneath all successful, effortless movement are integrated reflexes, righting reactions and equilibrium responses. (bodymindcentering.com)
  • Despite the significance of understanding their contributions to defensive reactions, there is a paucity of human studies that directly compared these regions on activity and connectivity during threat processing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Joseph Garner, an assistant professor of animal sciences, helped develop a test that found goldfish do feel pain, and their reactions to it are much like that of humans. (purdue.edu)
  • This review explores how abnormal triggering of the autonomic diving reflex might be important in explaining research findings and the real-world experience of asthma. (bmj.com)
  • In patients who show the photic sneeze reflex, an injection into the eye, such as that undergone in a retrobulbar or peribulbar block, can often elicit a sneeze from the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrical pulses were applied to the wrist to elicit the reflex responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior research demonstrates that both temporal unpredictability and spatial uncertainty of threats elicit a distinctly anxious psychological response. (springer.com)
  • Such cues also elicit an orienting response in the period before the onset of the shock, as gauged by both electrophysiological and behavioural responses (Bradley et al. (springer.com)
  • We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Cathers,Ian, AU - Day,Brian L, AU - Fitzpatrick,Richard C, Y1 - 2004/12/23/ PY - 2004/12/25/pubmed PY - 2005/6/25/medline PY - 2004/12/25/entrez SP - 229 EP - 34 JF - The Journal of physiology JO - J Physiol VL - 563 IS - Pt 1 N2 - We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • We predicted that they would respond to increasing heat with an escape response, that morphine would decrease their heat sensitivity and that the heat stimulation would affect post-test behaviour. (purdue.edu)
  • A Schirmer II test, which uses topical anesthetic and stimulation of the nasal mucosa with a cotton-tipped applicator, measures reflex tearing (this is used more in humans than in animals). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters spinal DC stimulation-induced plasticity in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Ongoing work in my laboratory and in conjunction with the Environmental Physiology Unit (EPU) at Simon Fraser University involves characterising the various patterns of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adaptation that occur in response to permanent residence at high altitude. (sfu.ca)
  • MRLs include adjustments to reflect human variability from laboratory animal data to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • An individual with this disorder has a genetic mutation that prevents "exciting" signals in the nervous system from being regulated, which causes a number of bizarre irregularities in their startle response. (damninteresting.com)
  • Jumping Frenchman is a form of Hyperexplexia , a more generic term descriptive of any exaggerated startle response. (damninteresting.com)
  • Newborn pups of hypoxic groups displayed significant impairment in multiple tests of spontaneous locomotion, reflex motor activity, and the coordination of suck and swallow. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we used data from two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies [ n = 108 males and n = 70 (45 females)] to probe how coordination between the BNST and amygdala may regulate responses during shock anticipation and actual shock confrontation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The equilibrium responses are patterns which maintain balance of the whole body in the dynamic relationship between the shifting of one's center of gravity through space and one's base of support. (bodymindcentering.com)
  • Human beings in general are still largely moved by the old reptilian and mammalian urges, pushed into war, conflict and murder, territorialism and old mating patterns in ways that are far from rational - these are unconditioned responses. (dreamhawk.com)
  • And even if the orchestration of these key reflexes were developed when you were a kid, our daily life, repetition and stress cause roadblocks in the patterns the reflexes ultimately create. (meltmethod.com)
  • Their subjective and physiological response to the world rose and fell in line with the presentation of ambiguously threatening ambient cues. (springer.com)
  • Cues that a painful shock is imminent facilitate the startle reflex in both humans and rats (Bradley et al. (springer.com)
  • The hypothalamus and higher centers modify the activity of the medullary centers and are particularly important in regulating cardiovascular responses to emotion and stress (eg, exercise, thermal stress). (medscape.com)
  • This functional dissociation between the BNST and amygdala is however controversial, and human evidence scarce. (jneurosci.org)
  • Prenatal interaction produced anxiety, depression-like responses, and altered social behavior that were accompanied by decreased reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, attenuated serotonin neurotransmission in the hippocampus, reduced enlargement of lateral ventricles, decreased volumes of amygdala and periaqueductal gray matter and density of spines on dendrites of granule cells of the hippocampus. (researchgate.net)
  • This interdisciplinary journal publishes papers relating the plasticity and response of the nervous system to accidental or experimental injuries and their interventions, transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders and experimental strategies to improve regeneration or functional recovery and rehabilitation. (iospress.com)
  • The ability to adaptively regulate responses to the proximity of potential danger is critical to survival and imbalance in this system may contribute to psychopathology. (jneurosci.org)
  • But in genuinely dangerous environments, such as those confronted by first responders or military personnel, anticipating events, clarifying the nature of ambiguous threats, and preparing appropriate behaviours are adaptive responses and may even be essential for survival. (springer.com)
  • It often leaves a rigid survival pattern-stress response-fight or flight mode in a constant state of action. (meltmethod.com)
  • Human survival is dependent on this. (philia.ca)
  • This paper explores the possibility that asthma might occur because of antenatally determined changes in autonomic development resulting in increased triggering of the parasympathetic components of the diving reflex and its subsequent triggering by classically conditioned reflex responses. (bmj.com)
  • This model offers the distinct advantages that, similar to the human newborn, the newborn rabbit has immature locomotor function and the cerebral hemispheres are not fully myelinated. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although reovirus infection of humans usually induces mild symptoms, infection of newborn mice leads to severe pathologic conditions, such as lethal encephalitis, depending on the inoculation route and strain ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The results suggest that tickle responses are reflexes, not emotional displays. (newscientist.com)
  • 1992) that chloroquine treatment of rats eventually would lead to infertility by resulting in late germ cell developmental with depletion of spermatids (Abayomi O, 1992).This suggested the requirement for the quinine to occupied a place as a male contraceptive agent in humans (Osinubi et al. (researchgate.net)
  • In humans, for example, nerve networks send sensory information to the brain, which processes the information to determine a response (muscle contraction). (nature.com)
  • Likewise, machines (e.g., robots) utilize arrays of sensors that connect to a central computer, which processes the information before calculating a response. (nature.com)
  • This suggests that many visual illusions might be so effective because they tap into how the human brain reflexively processes information. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • This would again seem like an irrational response if we didn't know that Sultan had been attacked by a black Labrador when he was a pup. (dreamhawk.com)
  • Thaler proposed nudges as valuable due to the fundamentally irrational ways humans can behave - ways explored by social psychologist Kahneman, who established our brains operate on two different systems of thought. (raymondjames.com)
  • The released serotonin may stimulate the vagal afferents through the 5-HT 3 receptors and initiate the vomiting reflex. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the present study the low concentration we investigated, carboxylic acids might act aims at investigating these effects, emphasizing also distractive via ASIC receptors that are not involved in neurogenic responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Sneezing occurs in response to irritation in the nasal cavity, which results in an afferent nerve fiber signal propagating through the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve to the trigeminal nerve nuclei in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Misfiring of this reflex in humans could result in the pathological airway narrowing that occurs in asthma. (bmj.com)
  • V.E. Claydon, A.T. Hol, J.J. Eng, A.V. Krassioukov (2006) Cardiovascular responses and post-exercise hypotension after arm cycling exercise in subjects with spinal cord injury. (sfu.ca)
  • V.E. Claydon, S.L. Elliott, A.W. Sheel, A. Krassioukov (2006) Cardiovascular responses to vibrostimulation for sperm retrieval in men with spinal cord injury. (sfu.ca)
  • A reaction known as the Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) regulates the pupil's size in response to the amount of light hitting the eye. (ashdin.com)
  • Reflexes are immediate and involuntary responses that allow a quick reaction, such as pulling your hand away from a hot surface. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Because both groups of fish wriggled at about the same temperature, the researchers thought the responses might be more like a reflex than a cognitive reaction to experiencing pain. (purdue.edu)
  • Sensory mediated behavioral effects during exposures to ethyl these nociceptive fibers might trigger neurogenic responses. (cdc.gov)
  • My research interests are focused on human cardiovascular control in health and disease. (sfu.ca)
  • V.E. Claydon, L.J. Norcliffe, J.P. Moore, M. Rivera-Ch, F. Leon-Velarde, O. Appenzeller, R. Hainsworth (2005)Cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress in healthy altitude dwellers, and altitude residents with chronic mountain sickness. (sfu.ca)
  • The significance of this nerve in erectile and ejaculatory function has been shown in numerous clinical observations in animals and humans. (cirp.org)
  • Although we are used to thinking of animals showing conditioned reflexes, as with Pavlovian training, we seldom realise what a large part they play in human life. (dreamhawk.com)
  • Because we have moved far away from being natural animals and have existed as humans for ages, we cannot and should not try to rid ourselves of our human programming. (dreamhawk.com)
  • Humans seem to feel it necessary to assess the intelligence of animals as a way of reinforcing our own sense of superiority and the cat has been a favourite subject for studying learning and brain function for over a century. (messybeast.com)
  • This article focuses on human swimming, although many non-aquatic animals are also able to swim. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In animals, the emetic response to cisplatin can be prevented by pretreatment with an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, bilateral abdominal vagotomy and greater splanchnic nerve section, or pretreatment with a serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. (nih.gov)
  • Public health officials and project managers concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAEL) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAEL) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Very little information is available on the health effects in humans or experimental animals after inhalation exposure to methyl mercaptan. (cdc.gov)
  • Writing in the Journal of Vision , Dr Michael Proulx from Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, and former student Monique Green, explain how an optical illusion known as the Müller-Lyer Illusion captures our attention more strongly than other visual tests, suggesting that the brain calculates size as a reflex fast enough to guide where the eyes look. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • In addressing the third gathering of the group Dr. Dufresne introduced a set of principles and actions designed to let natural human sociability emerge. (philia.ca)
  • He presented a continuum of human activity that informs the pacing and levels of our actions and a typology of Hippocratic Social Intervention that guides us to least harmful caring actions. (philia.ca)
  • To explore the obstacles to human sociability and alternatives to social engineering, the level, timing and pacing of our actions needs to be considered. (philia.ca)
  • Ototoxicants are of interest in the work environment, not only because of their actions on the hearing system of humans, but also because they may interact with each other and with noise when exposure is combined (simultaneously or sequentially). (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers suggested that something in the pickle juice might trigger a reflex in the mouth, sending a signal to the nerves to stop cramping. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • 6, 7, 8, 9] A retrospective analysis of information on ELBW infants from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development revealed that these patients have high use of special outpatient services, and efforts to improve these services are needed. (medscape.com)
  • This reflex seems to be caused by a change in light intensity rather than by a specific wavelength of light. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ongoing work explores how epithelial cells of the sinuses and olfactory mucosa participate in the immune response and contribute to chronic inflammation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • CIRP Comment: This report of an anatomical investigation of the innervation of the human penis, which was published in July 1998, contains very important and useful information. (cirp.org)
  • The reflex responses were stronger during vibration, and were more visible at lower vibration frequencies and higher muscle contraction level. (cdc.gov)
  • 2008) Human muscle blood flow and metabolic assessment applied to aging. (utah.edu)
  • In aquatic mammals the reflex importantly includes the contraction of airway smooth muscle to minimise lung volume and prevent nitrogen narcosis from diving at depth. (bmj.com)
  • The diving reflex, and possibly also smooth muscle, is a vestigial remnant of our aquatic past. (bmj.com)
  • The 4 oldest SLITRK6 c.1240C>T homozygotes had absent ipsilateral middle ear muscle reflexes (MEMRs). (harvard.edu)
  • 2004). Therefore we concluded from this study that the proposition based on the findings in studies in non-human subjects that short-term use of agent to treat malaria has a significant anti-spermatogenic and anti-fertility or contraception. (researchgate.net)
  • Beyond this empirical novelty, we discuss the findings in broader terms of human action control. (ed.gov)
  • This results in increased parasympathetic responsiveness and specifically, excessive triggering of the diving reflex in response to wetting and cooling of the face and nose as occurs with upper airway infections and allergic rhinitis. (bmj.com)
  • One may ask whether such drugs modify existing neuronal responses to natural rewards or constitute rewards in their own right, and as such engage existing neuronal reward mechanisms, directing subjects towards artificially rewarding goals. (nature.com)
  • citation needed] A photic sneeze results from exposure to a bright light and is the most common manifestation of the photic sneeze reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • To determine age-related changes in oculomotor function we measured vestibuloocular (VOR), optokinetic (OKN), and visual-vestibular responses in a large group of normal subjects over the age of 75 years and compared the results with those from a group of young adults. (nih.gov)
  • 123). The former is the "ordinary common sense experience that results from the interaction of a human organism with its environment" ( ibid . (nd.edu)
  • If we want to act in ways that reveal and support human and community resiliency we must be prepared for the results to take time. (philia.ca)
  • Most notably, an event which might startle a normal person will result in an extended, grossly exaggerated response from a "jumper," including crying out, flailing limbs, twitching, and sometimes convulsions. (damninteresting.com)
  • By taking into account the melanopic impacts of ocular light in human-centric illumination, many organizations have tried to standardize HCL assessment standards. (ashdin.com)
  • Materials and Methods The DNP was dissected in human autopsy specimens, using low magnification, following the course of the nerve from the symphysis pubis into the glans penis. (cirp.org)
  • Other entirely soft organisms, such as cephalopods, can change color and have nervous systems capable of localized responses to sensory inputs without the need for centralized processing (i.e., the brain). (nature.com)
  • Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
  • 2. The reflex theory of motor control cannot account for which characteristic of human movement uniqueness 3. (educationindex.com)
  • We provide the first detailed description of the auditory phenotype in humans with recessive SLITRK6 deficiency. (harvard.edu)
  • BDNF val(66)met genotype shows distinct associations with the acoustic startle reflex and the cortisol stress response in young adults and children. (cdc.gov)
  • To understand this concept, consider that many physical systems-both natural and artificial-utilize sensors to gather information that must be processed to decide a response (so-called "sense-decide-respond" control loops) 1 . (nature.com)
  • In machines, simple switches (e.g., a thermostat) can provide direct feedback control without a central processor, in which case the sensor is also the physical switch, yet a switch only provides a localized, yes/no response. (nature.com)
  • self-control is the response to the SELF. (fhu.com)
  • His presentation and the ensuing discussion revolved around the idea that human beings and communities are resilient. (philia.ca)
  • In speaking of human resilience Dr. Dufresne described the social hero that lives inside of all human beings. (philia.ca)
  • For human beings, living in community and caring for one another is natural. (philia.ca)
  • Technology and physical, legal and bureaucratic structures allow human beings to act as if they exist apart from nature and apart from each other. (philia.ca)
  • otherwise, additional steps need to be taken including performing a reflex culture or at a minimum retaining a clinical sample for further testing. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated interaction between mutant human disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (mhDISC1) and maternal immune activation implicated in schizophrenia and mood disorders. (researchgate.net)
  • Another curious abnormality caused by this disorder is a sufferer's automatic reflex to obey any order that is delivered suddenly. (damninteresting.com)
  • The first system provides the automatic reflex responses that prompt us to move quickly if something is heading toward us. (raymondjames.com)
  • Human Action-a treatise on laissez-faire capitalism by Ludwig von Mises-is a historically important and classic publication on economics, and yet it can be an intimidating work due to its length and formal style. (barnesandnoble.com)
  • Choice: Cooperation, Enterprise, and Human Action, however, skillfully relays the main insights from Human Action in a style that will resonate with modern readers. (barnesandnoble.com)
  • To faithfully reproduce the material in Human Action, this work mirrors its basic structure, providing readers with an enjoyable and educational introduction to the life's work of one of history's most important economists. (barnesandnoble.com)
  • He is the author of several books, including How Privatized Banking Really Works, Lessons for the Young Economist, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism, and Study Guide for Ludwig von Mises' Human Action. (barnesandnoble.com)
  • dialogue group to explore the realm of action in its consideration of creative responses to social obligations. (philia.ca)
  • I personally consider these experiments cruel and gratuitous (their medical benefit to humans is too often dubious) and though some such experiments are referenced here, Messybeast.com does not support this form of experimentation. (messybeast.com)
  • Since the human body is less dense than water, water is able to support the weight of the body during swimming. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This ambiguity necessarily shapes our response to the environment. (springer.com)
  • 1 Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human treated with kanamycine (400 mg/kg) from post-natal days 9 to 16, Factors, Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Chemosensation, Dortmund, also by intraperitoneal injection. (cdc.gov)
  • In humans, for example, reflexes bypass the brain to achieve a rapid, albeit less sophisticated response. (nature.com)
  • New research by psychologists at Queen Mary, University of London has revealed that the way we see the world might depend on reflexes in the brain. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • There is also a genetic factor that increases the probability of photic sneeze reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, urinary 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) excretion increases after cisplatin administration in parallel with the onset of emesis. (nih.gov)
  • All of this life has developed without any human intervention. (philia.ca)
  • This is compatible with GVS evoking separate otolithic and canal reflexes, indicating that balance is controlled by independent canal and otolith reflexes, probably through different pathways. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The human form has instincts and self-preservation components that can become activated to a point where it's a constant state of natural balance. (meltmethod.com)
  • People who tickle each other are generally intimate, so researchers have reasoned that ticklishness must be more than a simple reflex. (newscientist.com)