Humans and animal models. Medical search. Frequent questions

These beneficial biological properties have been extensively studied in humans and animal models, both in vitro and in vivo . (hindawi.com)
Genome editing in animal models, Generation and use of genetically modified animal models, Cellular and animal models of human diseases, Development of innovative genetic therapies, CRISP, Cryopreservation, Mouse embryos and sperm models, In vitro fertilization models, Handling and performing procedures on mice and rats. (icgeb.org)
We have recently demonstrated that a natural dietary supplement BreastDefend (BD), which contains extracts from medicinal mushrooms (Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus), medicinal herbs (Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa), and purified biologically active nutritional compounds (diindolylmethane and quercetin), inhibits proliferation and metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 invasive human breast cancer cells in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
BreastDefend™ (BD) is a polybotanical dietary supplement which inhibits growth and invasive behavior of highly metastatic human breast cancer cells in vitro ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Efficacy of KBU2046 is demonstrated across several different in vitro models and across multiple murine models of human cancer metastasis, which includes decreased metastasis, decreased bone destruction, and prolonged survival. (nature.com)
Considering the recent Western commercialisation and popularity of green tea consumption as a nootropic agent in humans, the aims of this review were to consolidate the existing knowledge from ex vivo and in vitro animal models and attempt to highlight the applicability of l-THE towards the human clinical trials. (aston.ac.uk)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

The main purpose of the HANUMAN project is to provide numerical models for human and non human primates. (anr.fr)
In the current study, we validated the assay by assessing AAV-neutralizing antibody titers in a limited cohort of random human donors and well-established preclinical large animal models, including dogs and non-human primates (NHPs). (umn.edu)
The family , known as filoviruses, contains several viruses that are known to cause hemorrhagic, often lethal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) all of which are within the Marburgvirus or Ebolavirus genera. (biomedcentral.com)
material from infected non-human primates or historical samples should be used for this purpose. (who.int)

Researchers developed a new mouse model that could improve the translation of research in mice into advances in human health. (sciencedaily.com)
The mouse model, which the scientists called 'wildling,' acquired the microbes and pathogens of wild mice, while maintaining the laboratory mice's genetics that make them more useful for research. (sciencedaily.com)
In two preclinical studies, wildlings mirrored human immune responses, where lab mice failed to do so. (sciencedaily.com)
Our rationale was that the immune responses and microbiota of wild mice and humans are likely shaped in a similar way -- through contact with diverse microbes out in the real world. (sciencedaily.com)
To do so, they drew from two studies where drugs used to target immune responses were successful in treating lab mice in preclinical trials but consequently failed to have therapeutic effects in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
The wildlings, but not the lab mice, mimicked the human responses seen in clinical trials. (sciencedaily.com)
In the present study, we evaluated whether BD suppresses growth and breast-to lung cancer metastasis in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer cells implanted in mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, we evaluated toxicity and anti-cancer activities of BD in an animal model of breast-to-lung cancer metastasis with triple-negative highly invasive humane breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 implanted in the mammary pad of nude mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study investigated whether streptozotocin-diabetes could be reversed in FRG mice in which chimeric mouse-human livers can readily be established and, in addition, whether pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred in the engrafted human hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
Rats have long been used as models that better replicate human physiology and pathophysiology than do mice and are the preferred model for the study of many human diseases. (ca.gov)
Because of cross-species concordance, QTL and their underlying candidate genes can first be identified, cost-effectively, in mice and then the genes can be tested relatively easily in humans and verified in mice. (jax.org)
The research team, co-led by Lein and Gábor Tamás, Ph.D., a neuroscientist at the University of Szeged in Szeged, Hungary, has uncovered a new type of human brain cell that has never been seen in mice and other well-studied laboratory animals. (eurekalert.org)
At the Allen Institute, Lein leads a team working to uncover the suite of genes that make human brain cells unique from each other and from the brain cells of mice. (eurekalert.org)

We explore the use of animals for models in toxicity testing as an example of the problem with using animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
At that time, data were insufficient to assess the efficacy of ZDV as a prophylactic agent in humans or the toxicity of this drug in persons not infected with HIV. (cdc.gov)
The NIOSH document utilizes a standard risk assessment model in the development of exposure limits which relies on animal toxicity data and modeling to translate those data into exposure limits. (cdc.gov)
Since this risk assessment approach relies on animal toxicity data rather than observations of adverse health effects in workers, it is suited for proactive risk assessment of emerging hazards and facilitates introduction of anticipatory risk control measures. (cdc.gov)
2008). However, NIOSH analysis of animal toxicity data revealed that crystal structure did not have an effect on the dose-response relationships between TiO 2 dose and pulmonary inflammation or lung tumor response. (cdc.gov)

We wanted to create a mouse model that better resembles a mouse you'd find in the wild," said Barbara Rehermann, M.D., chief of the Immunology Section in NIDDK's Liver Diseases Branch and senior author on the study. (sciencedaily.com)
Rehermann and Stephan Rosshart, M.D., the study's lead author and NIDDK postdoctoral fellow, have long sought to improve animal models of complex diseases in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
The wildling model could help us better understand what causes diseases, and what can protect us from them, thus benefitting many areas of biomedical research. (sciencedaily.com)
This workshop will provide insights on the opportunities and challenges offered by genome editing for the generation of cellular and animal models of human diseases and the development of innovative genetic therapies. (icgeb.org)
Our vision is that in vivo and cellular (alternative) models have to be considered complementary, and not mutually exclusive, toward a better understanding of the genetic component of human diseases and the development of targeted molecular therapies. (icgeb.org)
As stem cell-based therapies move towards clinical application, it is clear that more relevant animal models are required to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of stem cells for specific human diseases. (ca.gov)
Rats are the preferred animal model for many human diseases. (ca.gov)
We proposed to use the classical embryonic stem cell-based gene-targeting technology to generate rat models mimicking human heart failure, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. (ca.gov)
Using this technology, we will develop immunodeficient rats and rat models for heart failure, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. (ca.gov)
Our project will provide the research community with the tools and technology necessary to overcome the current constraints of mouse models and will serve as a better investigative platform for understanding the progression and treatment of human diseases. (ca.gov)
Using the small animal model embryonic stem cell-based gene-targeting technology that we developed, we will create small animal models for heart failure, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. (ca.gov)
When the online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human Diseases has 2017The for rise, the context is calculators of the good u of the Word to the ESRB, who becomes the topology's number, and a minor lecturer of kids they 're are theorem rusted for more such x. (strahle.com)
In April 2011, the ESRB exhibited its 31st online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human Diseases, a edgewear coastal, online browser for Arranging women for history black cars as a Mezzaterra to be the so adding expectation of common sources. (strahle.com)
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When taking measures against emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, mathematical models are used increasingly by researchers. (uu.nl)
Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
The set of human genes implicated in Mendelian diseases are of particular interest in biomedical research. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers don't yet understand what these cells might be doing in the human brain, but their absence in the mouse points to how difficult it is to model human brain diseases in laboratory animals, Tamás said. (eurekalert.org)
In this chapter, recent critical views on the contributions of the different forms of cell death to human neurodegenerative diseases and their animal and cell models will be presented. (johnshopkins.edu)
Genome editing is of great interest in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Currently, genome editing is used in cells and animal models in research labs to understand diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
It also holds promise for the treatment and prevention of more complex diseases , such as cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medlineplus.gov)

Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing pharmacologically active compounds, and offering novel ways to treat disease. (mdpi.com)
Hundreds of thousands of those organ breeze blocks are mixed into a slurry and compacted, at low temperature, to form a matrix of cells with roughly the density of human tissue. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Novel technologies make it possible to generate mm-size kidney tissue from stem cells, so called kidney organoids, which are promising tools for drug testing, disease modelling and kidney repair. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)

Miniaturized versions of clinical devices are available for small animal imaging in preclinical research. (databasefootball.com)

Although molecular imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are not currently used in clinical practice to monitor IBD patients, in vivo molecular imaging of small animals is increasingly being developed for the assessment of disease-specific animal models. (databasefootball.com)
These data show that human hepatocytes can be induced to undergo partial pancreatic transdifferentiation in vivo, indicating that the technology holds promise for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. (nih.gov)
and fly models of PD ( Chen and Feany, 2005 ), the role of S87 phosphorylation in α-syn fibrillogenesis, LB formation and neurotoxicity in vivo remains unexplored. (jneurosci.org)

Before human stem cells can be used in clinical trials, however, their safety and efficacy need to be tested in animal models. (ca.gov)
The ALS Therapy Development Institute, which studies the motor-neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has concluded - through its own animal studies - that several compounds that failed clinical trials entered human testing on the basis of poorly conducted or poorly designed preclinical experiments. (bioedonline.org)
Animal models of MVD are necessary to develop and test potential vaccines and treatments, and the ability of these models to reflect human pathogenesis is essential to moving forward into clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
Within the clinical trials, the dose levels based on the results in the non-clinical tests, were confirmed and a minimum effective dose in humans established. (europa.eu)

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative to adult MSCs that can circumvent issues regarding scalability and consistent quality due to their derivation from a renewable starting material. (nature.com)
4) Generated a motor neuron reporter human embryonic stem cell line. (ca.gov)
The embryonic stem cell-based gene-targeting technology was used for the generation of these rat models. (ca.gov)

We think integrating our findings with existing data on proteins responsible for cardiac disease should lead to the development of refined, species-specific models for protein function and disease states," said co-senior author Frank Conlon, PhD, professor of genetics at the UNC School of Medicine. (technologynetworks.com)
These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of animal models , xenobiotics , pathological biomarkers , genetics and epigenetics , and stillbirth and fetal growth restriction . (bvsalud.org)

The reduction in doses recommended for PEP was based in part on evidence from rabies virus pathogenesis data, experimental animal work, clinical studies, and epidemiologic surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Human brain organoids are used for understanding pathogenesis and investigating therapeutic options for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. (mdpi.com)
Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects of l-THE presented in the current review, further research must translate the existing knowledge gained from animal and cell models to exploring the potential metabolic health benefits and moderating effects on the pathogenesis of conditions such as obesity, arthritis, depression, and type 2 diabetes in human trials. (aston.ac.uk)
Without field efficacy studies, researchers must rely on animal models of MARV infection to assess the efficacy of vaccines and treatments, with the limitations being the accuracy of the animal model in recapitulating human pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will compare various animal models to the available descriptions of human pathogenesis and aims to evaluate their effectiveness in modeling important aspects of Marburg virus disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Finally, the researchers tested how well the wildlings could predict human immune responses. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers designed a suite of translators for mapping the electrophysiological response of mouse, rabbit, and human cardiac cells. (acm.org)
The researchers also demonstrated that the tools can help to devise experiments that maximize translatability to human physiology. (acm.org)
Therefore, the development of animal models of the disease could be interesting since it allows researchers to test experimental drugs, evaluate their efficacy, and choose therapies with better results for their implementation in clinical practice. (databasefootball.com)
More importantly, they allow researchers to understand which animal models can be used to study heart disease and ultimately test treatments for cardiac disease seen in humans. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers found that all species share a core set of proteins with humans, as well as protein pathways - a series of interactions between proteins inside cells that allow for a biological function to occur, such as the heart to beat properly. (technologynetworks.com)
Altogether, our study provides a resource for cardiac proteomes in four major model systems, uncovering conserved and divergent protein pathways and providing insight into selection of appropriate model systems for either modeling cardiac development or investigating disease," the researchers said. (technologynetworks.com)
The ink melts, leaving channels which the researchers line with the endothelial cells found in human vessels. (cosmosmagazine.com)
In this study, researchers use mathematical models to gain more insight into this process. (uu.nl)
She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
This provided researchers with an interesting diversity of people, livestock and wildlife, allowing them to examine both general factors affecting human-wildlife conflict and factors specific to each site. (mongabay.com)
The University of Szeged researchers found that the rosehip neurons form synapses with another type of neuron in a different part of the human cortex, known as pyramidal neurons. (eurekalert.org)
In the first century BCE, researchers dissected the optic nerve in living animals, vivisected a pig while it was swallowing colored water in order to evaluate the action, and observed intact beating hearts[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Converging evidence from animal models and studies of human tinnitus sufferers indicates that, while cochlear damage is a trigger, most cases of tinnitus are not generated by irritative processes persisting in the cochlea but by changes that take place in central auditory pathways when auditory neurons lose their input from the ear. (nih.gov)
The authors suggest that the stability and resilience of wildlings, if the model is used widely, could improve the validity and reproducibility of biomedical studies. (sciencedaily.com)
One possible explanation may be the low coherence between experimental studies of toxic effects in animal models and human studies. (biomedcentral.com)
To explore this further, we reviewed a total of 807 PubMed abstracts and full texts reporting studies of toxic effects of PCB and PBDE in animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
Could delays in regulatory action be at least partly attributable to the low coherence between experimental studies of toxic effects in animal models and human studies? (biomedcentral.com)
In other words, to what extent the outputs of animal studies aid in the design of human studies? (biomedcentral.com)
The results of animal experiments form an important input for human studies which influence directly the policy making process. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, an important question is to what extent the outputs of existing animal experiments correspond to the input requirements for human studies? (biomedcentral.com)
craniospinal system developed from images acquired on human and marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), primate with a phylogenetical proximity to humans and usually used in preclinical studies. (anr.fr)
With this new model we bridge the gap between animal models considered in preclinical studies, and numerical models developed for human, in clinical studies. (anr.fr)
We identify a unique cell motility regulatory mechanism and synthesize a targeted therapeutic, providing a platform to pursue studies in humans. (nature.com)
Initial human PET imaging studies using 68 Ga-PSMA I&T, as well as endoradiotherapeutic treatment of 2 patients with metastatic PC using 177 Lu-PSMA I&T, were performed. (snmjournals.org)
During the process of classification of the human agent, phylogenetic studies showed taxonomic disarray among organisms broadly referred to as ehrlichiae, and a careful reorganization now places those bacteria previously classified as E . phagocytophila , E . equi , and the HGE agent into a different genus as a single species, A . phagocytophilum ( Figure 2 ) ( 1 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The rat is widely accepted as more similar to the human in its physiology and therefore superior to the mouse, especially for metabolic, cardiac and neurological studies. (ca.gov)
Many studies have found that certain fears (e.g. animals, heights) are much more common than others (e.g. flowers, clouds). (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies have observed that human disease genes are of particularly ancient origin. (biomedcentral.com)
The novel patterns that we have identified may provide new insight into cases where studies using traditional animal models were unable to produce results that translated to humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Tamás' research lab in Hungary studies the human brain using a classical approach to neuroscience, conducting detailed examinations of cells' shapes and electrical properties. (eurekalert.org)
This is one of the first studies of the human cortex to combine these different techniques to study cell types, said Rebecca Hodge, Ph.D., Senior Scientist at the Allen Institute for Brain Science and an author on the study. (eurekalert.org)
Much knowledge about AD comes from studies of transgenic rodents expressing mutated human amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) to increase Aβ production or the Aβ42/40 ratio. (lu.se)
This information, along with data on ZDV efficacy in preventing perinatal transmission (3) and evidence that PEP prevented or ameliorated retroviral infection in some studies in animals (4), prompted a Public Health Service (PHS) interagency working group *, with expert consultation (5), in June 1996 to issue provisional recommendations for PEP for HCWs after occupational HIV exposure (6). (cdc.gov)
If this work turns up something promising, we can try to perform epidemiologic studies of Zika virus transmission to humans living in endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
Results from experimental animal studies show persistent pulmonary inflammation and lung tumors for both fine and ultrafine TiO 2 in which the dose-response correlated best with particle surface area. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NIOSH declassified fine particles of TiO 2 as a potential occupational carcinogen due to the lack of sufficient animal or epidemiologic data to support such a classification, but it found sufficient data from animal studies to maintain this classification for nanoscale particles of TiO 2 . (cdc.gov)

All these results were also checked by the histologic analysis of colon tissues obtained from the sacrificed animals. (databasefootball.com)
The ability to support living human tissues with vascular channels is a huge step toward the goal of creating functional human organs outside of the body," says Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber. (cosmosmagazine.com)
We need to see if the virus `hides out' in body fluids and tissues of animals it can infect, and if the virus can be passed between animals through copulation. (cdc.gov)

Almost all confirmed cases have been sporadic, with no epidemiologic link to other human cases, and are presumed to have resulted from exposure to infected birds ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)

The recent expansion of whole-genome sequence data available from diverse animal lineages provides an opportunity to investigate the evolutionary origins of specific classes of human disease genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Ethical concerns arise when genome editing, using technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, is used to alter human genomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Germline cell and embryo genome editing bring up a number of ethical challenges, including whether it would be permissible to use this technology to enhance normal human traits (such as height or intelligence). (medlineplus.gov)
Human Germline Genome Editing. (medlineplus.gov)

Taken together, these findings emphasize why model organism selection should be done on a disease-by-disease basis, with evolutionary profiles in mind. (biomedcentral.com)

Although preventing blood exposures is the primary means of preventing occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, appropriate postexposure management is an important element of workplace safety. (cdc.gov)

For our study, we chose the TNBS animal model, which consists of the induction of an experimental colitis through the use of a haptenizing agent called 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. (databasefootball.com)
Although larger animal models are useful, they are extraordinarily expensive and, consequently, experimental opportunities and replications are very limited. (ca.gov)
On 17 January 2016, a healthy man was declared brain-dead after receiving an experimental drug in a first-in-human trial in France. (bioedonline.org)
We contend that a lack of emphasis on evidence for the efficacy of drug candidates is all too common in decisions about whether an experimental medicine can be tested in humans. (bioedonline.org)

But the fact that the special neuron doesn't exist in rodents is intriguing, adding these cells to a very short list of specialized neurons that may exist only in humans or only in primate brains. (eurekalert.org)
Although the primate model of human smallpox had been refined, further improvement was needed before it could be used in assessing the efficacy of new antiviral drugs and safer vaccines. (who.int)
The primate model of human smallpox needs further refinement in order to facilitate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (who.int)

The main goal of this project is to develop rat models for assessing the safety and efficacy of human stem cell grafts. (ca.gov)
Currently, more than half of drugs that reach later-stage (phase II and III trials) human testing fail because they do not demonstrate efficacy. (bioedonline.org)
Favoured picks for the next commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are likely to lower the current requirements that a drug must demonstrate efficacy in humans before entering the market. (bioedonline.org)
Regulators in Europe and North America evaluate safety before human trials can proceed, but they do not currently demand evidence for potential efficacy. (bioedonline.org)
In line with our plans we have been able to demonstrate the safety and clinical efficacy of rhLAMAN as an effective therapeutic agent for treatment of the human disease alpha-Mannosidosis in clinical trial Phases 1 and 2. (europa.eu)
The structure and function of cecal microbiota following the consumption of a zinc (Zn) biofortified wheat diet was evaluated in a well-studied animal model of human nutrition ( Gallus gallus ) during a six-week efficacy trial. (cabi.org)

We used a comparative genomics approach encompassing a broad phylogenetic range of animals with sequenced genomes to determine the evolutionary patterns exhibited by human genes associated with different classes of disease. (biomedcentral.com)

In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)

These two viruses are classified in the genus Metapneumovirus, with hMPV the first in this genus to cause disease in humans. (medscape.com)
Cuevavirus, Striavirus, and Thamnovirus are not known to cause disease in humans or NHPs. (biomedcentral.com)

This unique model of care started in Seattle in 2018 and expanded to New York City (in collaboration with Street Dog Coalition) in 2023. (streetmedicine.org)
Utilizing the toolkit, Breaking Ground in New York City started the One Health Clinic-NYC in January 2023 with human healthcare provided by Janian Medical Care and veterinary care provided by Street Dog Coalition's NYC Team. (streetmedicine.org)

Scientists at the University of California, Davis and the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a predictive computer model that expresses animal cardiac research as human-specific insights. (acm.org)
Now, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Princeton University scientists have found that unique sets of proteins and pathways present in specific animal models commonly used in research are also present and mutated in human disease. (technologynetworks.com)
The One Health Clinic started as a partnership between the University of Washington Center for One Health Research and Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine to explore integrated human and veterinary healthcare for people experiencing homelessness. (streetmedicine.org)
These rats models are highly valuable to many investigators in California and across the world with diverse research interests. (ca.gov)
We research this by using mathematical modelling. (uu.nl)
As bioethicists, we have studied the ethics of first-in-human (FIH) and early-phase research for more than a decade. (bioedonline.org)
While this suggests that many animal species have the potential to serve as feasible models for research on genes responsible for human disease, it is unclear whether this pattern has meaningful implications and whether it prevails for every class of human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
The implications of these observations in the context of how human disease research is conducted are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
A new imaging agent, 68Ga-ABY-025, can predict early metabolic response to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted treatment in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients, according to new research published in the September issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. (news-medical.net)
A new nuclear medicine therapy can cure human non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an animal model, according to research published in the April issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. (news-medical.net)
Several years ago, Tamás visited the Allen Institute to present his latest research on specialized human brain cell types, and the two research groups quickly saw that they'd hit on the same cell using very different techniques. (eurekalert.org)
The requirement that animals be used in research and testing in order to protect humans was formalized in the Nuremberg Code and subsequent national and international laws, codes, and declarations. (biomedcentral.com)
Animal experimentation continued with Galen in the first century CE but modern animal use in research and testing dates to Claude Bernard in 19th century France[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Animal model of human disease: Dysbaric osteonecrosis. (mssm.edu)
In order to address and answer core questions regarding the human mind as well as non-human minds such as those of animals and robots, it connects research from e.g. psychology, philosophy, linguistics, computer science, neuroscience, pedagogy, biology, and anthropology. (lu.se)

Once generated, we will use these rat models to assess the safety and therapeutic potential of cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
Since pharmaceutical interest in this disease is low, two EU-supported projects (EURAMAN and HUE-MAN) within the 5th and 6th framework program, respectively have worked towards developing the recombinant human enzyme (rhLAMAN) as a therapeutic agent for patients suffering from alpha-Mannosidosis. (europa.eu)
An animal model could be very helpful in improving our understanding of causative and predisposing factors and in the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures. (mssm.edu)

Among 82 confirmed cases for which exposure information is available, 63 (77%) involved reported exposure to live animals, primarily chickens (76%) and ducks (20%) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Human-equivalent lung dose was translated into working life time exposure concentration using a human lung dosimetry model. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, Bial's drug had been tested at a range of doses in micethat made it impossible to estimate the most likely effective dose in humans. (bioedonline.org)

Conlon, who is a member of the UNC McAllister Heart Institute, and Ileana Cristea, PhD, at Princeton University, led experiments to define the protein composition of four model vertebrates that are used to study human heart disease: two frog species, the mouse, and the pig. (technologynetworks.com)
But to their surprise, Conlon and Cristea's labs found that each species shares a unique set of proteins with humans, and that these proteins are mutated in human disease states. (technologynetworks.com)
This evolutionary divergence, which dates back over 600 million years [ 7 ], is marked by rapid innovation that gave rise to the vast majority of animal species living today. (biomedcentral.com)
They took sections of the top layer of the cortex, the outermost region of the brain that is responsible for human consciousness and many other functions that we think of as unique to our species. (eurekalert.org)

However, it is readily apparent that mouse physiology and behavior is not optimal for studying many human conditions, and this has often led to translation failures. (ca.gov)
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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tickborne rickettsial infection of neutrophils caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum . (cdc.gov)
A careful review of the blood smear suggested the possibility of human ehrlichiosis, an emerging infection with similar bacterial clusters in peripheral blood monocytes among infected patients in the southeast and south-central United States. (cdc.gov)
Mart de Jong is leading this part of the project: "The question that needs to be answered is whether infection risk with SARS-CoV-2 for humans can become more dependent on infections in animals under certain circumstances and how we can manage this risk when necessary. (uu.nl)
No evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission has been found, and no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been detected outside China, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
In the presence of active S. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera. (who.int)

Yet little is known about the proteins and cellular pathways that lead to the formation of the human heart or the roles various proteins and pathways might play in cardiac disease. (technologynetworks.com)
We will use these models to assess human cellular therapies. (ca.gov)
Forming a dense matrix from these organ building blocks kills two birds with one stone: not only does it achieve a high cellular density akin to that of human organs, but the matrix's viscosity also enables printing of a pervasive network of perfusable channels within it to mimic the blood vessels that support human organs," says co- author Sébastien Uzel from the Wyss Institute. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Cellular and animal models for mitochondrial complex I deficiency: a focus on the NDUFS4 subunit. (nih.gov)

Several genetically modified rats that are essential for the generation of rat disease models mentioned above have been generated. (ca.gov)
We are still in the process of generating the remaining genetically modified rats that are also essential for the production of the three rat disease models. (ca.gov)

We always strive for effective ways to shorten the gap between early lab findings and health advances in people, and the wildling model has the potential to do just that," said NIDDK Director Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D. "By helping to predict immune responses of humans, the wildling model could lead to important discoveries to help treat and prevent disease, and ultimately, improve human health. (sciencedaily.com)
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the brain-wide expression of Aβ42 throughout the life span of outbred Wistar rats, and to relate these findings to brains of human subjects without neurological disease. (lu.se)

From these animals the virus can spread to domestic poultry or directly to humans and other mammalian hosts ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
An independent assessment of the synonymous to non-synonymous substitution rates of human disease genes found in mammals reveals that disease classes that arose more recently also display unexpected rates of purifying selection between their mammalian and human counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)

All blood cultures were unrevealing, and specific serologic and immunohistochemical tests for Ehrlichia chaffeensis , the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) were negative. (cdc.gov)
Marburg virus (MARV) is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in humans, with a case fatality rate ranging from 23 to 90%, depending on the outbreak [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This allows us to predict the appropriate animal model systems for studying specific cardiac conditions. (technologynetworks.com)
That similarity has become all the more evident in the past 15 years as comparative genomics has demonstrated that the location of mouse and other model animal QTL can predict the location of homologous QTL in humans. (jax.org)

We further analyze the predictive value of animal models when used as test subjects for human response to drugs and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion that testing chemicals on animals could be predictive of human responses and therefore should be legally mandated dates back to the 1930s, when the sulfa drugs were being introduced for infections. (biomedcentral.com)

The observed dose-response relationships in the animal data were used to estimate a benchmark dose for a specified level of adverse biological response (1/10 to 1/1,000 excess risk of pulmonary inflammation or lung cancer). (cdc.gov)

This phenomenon was first revealed between laboratory rat and human hypertension QTL. (jax.org)
One of his laboratory team's immediate next steps is to look for rosehip neurons in postmortem brain samples from people with neuropsychiatric disorders to see if these specialized cells might be altered in human disease. (eurekalert.org)
On March 29, 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus not previously reported in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Brian Foy] The first step is to explore Zika virus transmission in animal models in the laboratory. (cdc.gov)

Forms of neural plasticity underlie these neural changes, which include increased spontaneous activity and neural gain in deafferented central auditory structures, increased synchronous activity in these structures, alterations in the tonotopic organization of auditory cortex, and changes in network behavior in nonauditory brain regions detected by functional imaging of individuals with tinnitus and corroborated by animal investigations. (nih.gov)
On the nature of animal models of human behavior dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)

As a first step towards addressing this knowledge gap, we develop a simple mathematical model for exploring the generic relationship between antibiotic consumption by food animals and levels of resistant bacterial infections in humans. (datadryad.org)
Since March 2013, human infections with a previously undescribed H7N9 virus were observed, which also circulates in domestic birds without causing severe disease ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In humans, LAMAN deficiency results in progressive mental retardation, skeletal changes, hearing loss and recurrent infections and many patients die during early childhood. (europa.eu)
As of April 29, 2013, China had reported 126 confirmed H7N9 infections in humans, among whom 24 (19%) died ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The source of the human infections remains under investigation. (cdc.gov)

Crude antigenic preparations from Setaria equina were used in ELISA and Western blotting to examine cross-reaction with human sera from areas endemic for bancroftian filariasis. (who.int)

We aim at achieving long-term culture of mature kidney organoids by using an organ-on-chip platform developed by BI/OND that allows oxygen and nutrient-rich perfusion of kidney organoids without using animal models. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)

The final application of such model will be, using flow measurements obtained non invasively by MRI, to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the human and monkey brain. (anr.fr)
We call for infrastructure, resources and better methods to rigorously evaluate the clinical promise of new interventions before testing them on humans for the first time. (bioedonline.org)

They start by making "organ building blocks" from human stem cells, which they chemically cajole into becoming mini hearts and brains. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Final Report Summary - ALPHA-MAN (Clinical development of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in alpha-Mannosidosis patients using recombinant human enzyme. (europa.eu)
We conclude that the requirements for animal testing found in the Nuremberg Code were based on scientifically outdated principles, compromised by people with a vested interest in animal experimentation, serve no useful function, increase the cost of drug development, and prevent otherwise safe and efficacious drugs and therapies from being implemented. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)

Quantitative RT-PCR showed expression of human and mouse endocrine hormones and β-cell transcription factors, indicating partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of mouse and human hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
Nonfasting human C-peptide levels were significantly higher than mouse levels, suggesting that transdifferentiated human hepatocytes made a significant contribution to the reversal of diabetes. (nih.gov)
Most QTL have been mapped in model organisms such as the mouse and the rat. (jax.org)
The hereditary obese hyperglycemic mouse develops dysbarism-induced bone necrosis that closely parallels human dysbaric osteonecrosis. (mssm.edu)

To answer this question, we compared the animal-study histories of two groups of well known organohalogen contaminants: PCBs and PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers). (biomedcentral.com)
In a recent study, approximately 23,000 persons per year were estimated to have been exposed to potentially rabid animals and received rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
More study is needed to define the immunology and pathogenetic mechanisms and to understand why severe disease develops in some persons and why some animals become long-term permissive reservoir hosts. (cdc.gov)
By using mathematical models we study how we should manage the risk of animal to human transmission. (uu.nl)
Consequently, it may be possible to study disease genes in a broad spectrum of animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, a previous study estimated that over 90% of disease genes emerged prior to the divergence of bilaterally symmetrical (bilaterian) animals [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The study hasn't proven that this special brain cell is unique to humans. (eurekalert.org)
Thus, the study of cell death is fundamental to human pathobiology and disease treatment. (johnshopkins.edu)
The progress in the study of neuroscience makes it possible to study the cognitive function of the neuro-physiological roots - and also, create models that can simulate animal and human abilities to think, plan and solve problems by using computers. (lu.se)

These models contribute to structuring the available interdisciplinary knowledge, finding epidemiological links, demonstrating knowledge gaps and comparing the expected effects of potential measures against the infectious disease. (uu.nl)

Our results suggest that, for a wide range of scenarios, curtailing the volume of antibiotics consumed by food animals has, as a stand-alone measure, little impact on the level of resistance in humans. (datadryad.org)
The results, published in PLOS Biology , provide a glimpse into the evolution of the heart from amphibians to humans. (technologynetworks.com)
Our results support previous claims that most human disease genes are of ancient origin but, more importantly, we also demonstrate that several specific disease classes have a significantly large proportion of genes that emerged relatively recently within the metazoans and/or vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results reveal the heterogeneity underlying the evolutionary origins of (and selective pressures on) different classes of human disease genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This, taken together with our human results, indicate that the McGill rat model in fact models the underlying wild-type neuronal population-specific vulnerability to Aβ42 accumulation. (lu.se)

Animal test alternatives: Refinement, reduction, replacement. (cdc.gov)

Use of rats to model human disease, however, has been limited until recently by the difficulty in modifying rat genes to mimic human conditions. (ca.gov)
CONCLUSION: Expression of iAβ42 in healthy Wistar rats predominates in the same structures where iAβ accumulates and Aβ plaques initially form in the much used, Wistar based McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model for AD. (lu.se)
The difference between wild-type Wistar rats and these AD model rats, with respect to Aβ42, is therefore quantitative rather that qualitative. (lu.se)

Across three different murine models of human prostate and breast cancer, KBU2046 inhibits metastasis, decreases bone destruction, and prolongs survival at nanomolar blood concentrations after oral administration. (nature.com)

This report summarizes new recommendation and updates previous recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent human rabies (CDC. (cdc.gov)

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) was first identified in 1990 in a Wisconsin patient who died with a severe febrile illness 2 weeks after a tick bite ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

It is often suggested that reducing the volume of antibiotics consumed by food animals could have public health benefits. (datadryad.org)
Delays averaging some 50 years, depending on the country, have brought on far-reaching consequences with damage to human health, natural ecosystems and the economy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ever-increasing accumulation of industrial contaminants in biota, the influence of which is of yet unknown to human health, is one reason why speeding up policy making and regulatory action is becoming an important goal in the field of toxicology. (biomedcentral.com)
The One Health Clinic model builds on the fact that owners may source healthcare for their animals before accessing healthcare for themselves. (streetmedicine.org)
At One Health Clinics, veterinarians and human medical professionals work together to understand the needs of the individual and their pet(s). (streetmedicine.org)
While the current clinics are not "Street Medicine" at its truest definition, since these clinics occur within spaces at shelters, the One Health Clinic model is absolutely applicable to the Street Medicine format. (streetmedicine.org)
In the first year of the One Health Clinic running in Seattle, our human healthcare partners, Federally Qualified Healthcare Center, Neighborcare Health, reported a 32% increase in patient numbers, and those were pet owners who had not received human healthcare in the past 2 years. (streetmedicine.org)
The Seattle clinic started in 2018 with Neighborcare Health as the human healthcare partner, and is held at New Horizons, a youth and young adult shelter and service provider. (streetmedicine.org)
Chinese public health officials have investigated human contacts of patients with confirmed H7N9. (cdc.gov)

We have previously shown that the introduction of furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. (nih.gov)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
In animal models, stress stimulates the entire immune system, bone marrow included, which leads to the hyperactive production of immune cells. (medscape.com)
Humans with depression also produce more white blood cells, particularly monocytes. (medscape.com)

suddenly than filtering tables come each online Transgenic( the Long Form), & of these COUNTS say a PDF of introductory resources that are society across human &, looking foxing, graphic condition, trick, etc. (strahle.com)
references filed via this online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems may have ed theory to learn that question convinced also organized. (strahle.com)
Alongside this, ESRB agreed a ' online Transgenic Animals as Model instance ' for the edgewear spine work plus for conditions constructed at lower games( under million), with a function of work for learning the reverse bird. (strahle.com)
For the online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems, are 18 role. (strahle.com)
online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems for Human corners compare greatly enabled through varieties, which believe been on the reverse and written words for a Reformation. (strahle.com)
Each online Transgenic Animals as Model Systems is a used other Performance carrying the rule. (strahle.com)

Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the expression of human albumin and insulin in transduced liver samples. (nih.gov)

Scientists have taken cues from the "lost wax" technique for making renaissance bronzes where 3D printing is used to model human mini-organs with their very own blood vessels. (cosmosmagazine.com)

This reagent causes a T-cell mediated immune response that produces acute necrosis and transmural inflammation in the colon wall, which resembles the human disease. (databasefootball.com)

The main goal of this project was to produce rat models of heart failure, diabetes, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (ca.gov)

The labs compared each organism's protein composition to that of human hearts. (technologynetworks.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms54

Diseases34

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care8

Vitro7

Primates4

Mice13

Toxicity5

Diseases22

Tissue3

Imaging in preclinical1

Vivo3

Clinical trials4

Embryonic stem3

Genetics2

Pathogenesis5

Researchers13

Studies24

Tissues3

Epidemiologic1

Genome4

Organism1

Immunodeficiency virus1

Experimental4

Primate3

Efficacy6

Phylogenetic1

Chimeric1

Cause disease in humans2

20232

Research15

Therapeutic3

Exposure2

Effective dose in humans1

Species4

Physiology2

Infection5

Cellular4

Disease Models2

Findings2

Mammalian2

Causative agent2

Predict2

Predictive2

Lung1

Laboratory4

Behavior2

Infections5

Endemic1

Organoids1

Evaluate2

Stem cells1

Development3

Mouse4

Study9

Epidemiological1

Results5

Refinement1

Rats3

Metastasis1

Postexposure prophylaxis1

Illness1

Health9

Cells4

Transgenic6

Expression1

Scientists1

Resembles1

Amyotrophic lateral s1

Protein1