Human viral vaccines. Medical search. Frequent questions

Interferon alfa is a protein product either manufactured from a single-species recombinant DNA process or obtained from pooled units of donated human leukocytes that have been induced by incomplete infection with a murine virus. (medscape.com)
Viral vector vaccines do not cause infection with either the virus used as the vector or the source of the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
These data suggest that the addition of a late protein boost alone is sufficient to increase functionally potent vaccine-specific antibodies previously associated with reduced risk of infection with HIV. (nih.gov)
Chlamydia is devastating for koalas, but the vaccine to prevent infection requires a booster shot. (theconversation.com)
New analysis answers questions about the ongoing effectiveness of COVID vaccines: How well they protect against infection, hospitalization and death months after initial doses or after a booster shot. (theconversation.com)
Despite weak knowledge of genital warts and HPV infection, acceptability of the HPV vaccine was 76.8% (95% CI: 73.3-79.9%) among mothers and 68.9% (95% CI: 65.2-72.5%) among fathers. (who.int)
The current HPV vaccine recommendations apply to 9 years old and above through the age of 26 years and adults aged 27-45 years who might be at risk of new HPV infection and benefit from vaccination. (mdpi.com)
Five cases of human infection with a novel influenza A virus were reported during the 2010--11 influenza season from three states. (cdc.gov)
In a study, a new HIV drug reduced viral replication and increased immune cells in individuals with advanced, drug-resistant HIV infection. (scitechdaily.com)
In fact, two COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna, are 95% and 94.1% effective, respectively, at preventing an infection with the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19. (livescience.com)
Lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell vaccines induce protective T cell responses against viral infection and cancer in animal models. (jci.org)
We will develop a guinea pig and a hamster model of Zika infection transmitted by A. aegypti mosquito bites, and we will test the immunization efficacy of our vaccine candidates. (sbir.gov)
We will develop a vaccine candidate based on the A. aegypti salivary protein AgBR1 to control Zika virus infection and other related flaviviruses in the mouse model and in other rodent models such as guinea pigs and hamsters, which better resemble the human disease. (sbir.gov)
Our current and planned early clinical trials include phase I Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as collaborations with CNH CETI for viral-specific T cell therapies for the treatment and prevention of chronic norovirus infection and COVID-19. (nih.gov)
the incidences of viral infection and medical conditions caused by the virus are expanding, not contracting. (rt.com)
Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered that HIV infection of human immune cells triggers a massive increase in methylation, a chemical modification, to both human and viral RNA, aiding replication of the virus. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
They also examined m6A's effect on function in both HIV and human host RNA during infection of human immune cells. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
What Is a Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. (medicinenet.com)
With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. (medicinenet.com)
Is it a Bacterial or Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection. (medicinenet.com)
By contrast, all four monkeys in the control group had evidence of viral shedding between 5 and 8 days after infection with the SARS coronavirus. (news-medical.net)
In a research letter (p 2139), Jan ter Meulen from Crucell Holland, Leiden, Netherlands, and colleagues investigated the prevention of SARS coronavirus infection with a neutralising human monoclonal antibody in ferrets (an animal species that can be readily infected with the SARS coronavirus). (news-medical.net)
Dengue is a systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. (org.in)
The recently identified role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein for inducing endothelial damage characteristic of COVID-19, even in absence of infection, is extremely relevant given that most of the authorized vaccines induce endogenous production of Spike. (researchgate.net)
According to new findings published in mBio , the vaccine produced potent neutralizing antibodies among preclinical models and also prevented infection and disease symptoms in the face of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). (eurekalert.org)
Compared to the placebo group that received adjuvant-only vaccines (adjuvants are added ingredients that help vaccines work better), those that received the RBD-nanoparticle vaccine were better protected from clinical symptoms and lung damage associated with infection. (eurekalert.org)
The findings suggest the vaccine candidate helped prevent infection and serious disease. (eurekalert.org)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. (cdc.gov)
As a vaccine becomes more widely used, the national prevalence of HPV infection will be critical for evaluating vaccination strategies in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Annually, it causes 20 million infections and 70 000 deaths, with recent outbreaks of infection reported in Uganda, Sudan and Chad.2 Viral hepatitis is also an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV.3 It is estimated that chronic hepatitis B virus infection affects 5-20% of people living with HIV. (who.int)
Control of viral hepatitis infection in Africa: Are we dreaming? (who.int)
In recent years, experimental and clinical studies have shown that some Lonicera japonica-containing Chinese medicine prescriptions have been used to treat intraepithelia neoplasia caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. (bvsalud.org)
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent viral infection in the sexually active population, which can be oncogenic and non-oncogenic. (bvsalud.org)

The medications used to treat human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are primarily designed to ablate the lesion by virtue of their corrosive properties. (medscape.com)
The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial results showed moderate reduction in viral infections among vaccinees as well as induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and vaccine-specific IgG and IgG3 responses directed at variable loop regions 1 and 2 of the HIV envelope protein. (nih.gov)
People wounded during bombings or other events resulting in mass casualties or in conjunction with the resulting emergency response may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured people and thus be at risk for bloodborne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or tetanus. (cdc.gov)
It is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will establish as an endemic virus of humans, which has the potential to lead to reverse zoonotic infections in animals that live close to humans. (gla.ac.uk)
Recently cat-to-human transmission was reported, demonstrating that a successful cross-species jump of SARS-CoV-2 into cats has the potential to expand the host range of the virus and generate an additional source of infections for humans and other species. (gla.ac.uk)
The clinical program within the Medical Virology Section has 2 main foci: the natural history of viral infections and their intersection with immune defects and early phase therapeutics and vaccines for herpesvirus infections. (nih.gov)
Our natural history protocols allow for the clinical, laboratory and genetic assessment of patients with viral infections with particular emphasis on unusual or severe viral infections. (nih.gov)
In addition, the MVS clinical team collaborates with referring physicians to manage underlying immunodeficiency and/or refractory viral infections. (nih.gov)
During her fellowship, she joined the Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy Program (CETI) at Children's National Hospital (CNH) under the mentorship of Dr. Catherine Bollard and Dr. Michael Keller with an emphasis on adoptive T cell therapy for viral infections in immunocompromised hosts including SARS-CoV-2 and chronic Norovirus. (nih.gov)
Instead, it turned out to be extremely dynamic and highly responsive to external stimuli, such as viral infections' says Gianluigi Lichinchi, a graduate student in Rana's lab and first author of the study. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
We already know a lot about the critical role of T cells in other viral infections. (theconversation.com)
How Long Are Viral Infections Contagious? (medicinenet.com)
Viral infections are contagious for varying periods of time depending on the virus. (medicinenet.com)
Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. (medicinenet.com)
Viral infections are responsible for many human diseases, from common diseases like the flu to emerging infections such as Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2. (masslifesciences.com)
Understanding how the immune system works to prevent and remove viral infections is essential for anyone working to develop or distribute vaccines that can protect against these diseases. (masslifesciences.com)
This advanced course offers a unique way for professionals to learn from leading Harvard Medical School faculty about cutting-edge developments in the creation of vaccines to protect against viral infections. (masslifesciences.com)
Most human infections come from stray dogs, cats, and bats. (wayoflife.org)
Strategies for combating microbial infections - antibiotics, antiviral agents and vaccines - will be discussed in detail. (sfu.ca)
We have known for years that food supplements containing zinc can enhance immunity to severe, viral, and chronic infections and their potentially grave consequences. (israelnationalnews.com)

Viral vector vaccines enable antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike subunit vaccines which only confer humoral immunity. (wikipedia.org)
The other vaccines will use the cultures to grow harmless versions of viruses that will carry genetic material from the coronavirus in a bid to confer immunity. (newsweek.com)
Physicians, parents and public officials point out the benefits of "herd immunity"-that a vaccine not only protects the child who is vaccinated but safeguards those who are not vaccinated by slowing the spread of the disease. (americamagazine.org)
In the team's earlier field work in children in Ghana and Pakistan, they found that infants with good immunity to the rotavirus vaccine had specific bacteria in their intestine. (sciencedaily.com)
Induction of effective immunity in the lungs should be a requisite for any vaccine designed to control the severe pathogenic effects generated by respiratory infectious agents. (nature.com)
However, nothing is known about the ability of the N-specific CD8 + T cell immunity in controlling viral replication in the lungs, a major pathogenic signature of severe disease in humans. (nature.com)
The virtual absence of Spike-specific cell immunity in lungs of vaccinees is not surprising given that the vaccine is administrated intramuscularly. (nature.com)
In this scenario, the identification of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines eliciting adequate antiviral immunity in lungs would be of outmost relevance. (nature.com)
Some vaccines use a whole virus or bacterium to teach our bodies how to build up immunity to the pathogen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, the race for testing new platforms designed to confer immunity against SARS-CoV-2, has been rampant and unprecedented, leading to conditional emergency authorization of various vaccines. (researchgate.net)
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in settings with low poliovirus population immunity and cause paralysis. (cdc.gov)
Other benefits of the protein nanoparticles include minimizing cellular damage and providing stronger immunity at lower doses than traditional protein subunit vaccines against other viruses, like influenza. (eurekalert.org)
Combination intramuscular and intranasal immunization showed more potent protective immunity and faster viral clearance than intramuscular immunization alone. (eurekalert.org)
New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
In the context of vaccines, melt processing is well-suited to develop vaccine delivery devices that are stable outside the cold chain and can generate protective immunity from a single dose. (bvsalud.org)

The incorporation of several viruses in vaccination schemes has been investigated since the vaccinia virus was created in 1984 as a vaccine vector. (wikipedia.org)
COVID-19 vaccination history and history of immunocom- after vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine were promise, these children might also need additional doses* ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The addition of PCEC to the current products available for pre-exposure and postexposure prophylactic use in humans allows for greater flexibility in treatment choices for the vaccination candidate who develops a sensitivity to one of the other available vaccines. (cdc.gov)
postexposure vaccination with PCEC in persons not previously vaccinated consists of five 1.0-mL doses delivered intramuscularly in the same regions as for pre-exposure vaccination on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, plus one dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) at 20 IU per kg of body weight on day 0. (cdc.gov)
The manufacturer also reported the occurrence of a substantial amnestic antibody response with no reports of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity when PCEC was used as a booster, regardless of the vaccine used for primary vaccination. (cdc.gov)
In 2019, 191 of 194 Member States had the three-dose series in their national vaccination schedule and 85% of the world's infants received three doses of the vaccine. (who.int)
Vaccination providers administering COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) must adhere to the same reporting requirements. (republicbroadcasting.org)
Keenan, who was sporting a polka-dot cardigan over a festive shirt, was given the first dose of a two-dose vaccine at the University Hospital Coventry in England, setting off the first mass vaccination effort against a virus that has now infected at least 70 million people worldwide and killed 1.5 million. (livescience.com)
Vaccination by direct injection of lentiviral vector was more effective in sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1-knockout (SAMHD1-knockout) mice, suggesting that lentiviral vectors containing Vpx, a lentiviral protein that increases the efficiency of dendritic cell transduction by inducing the degradation of SAMHD1, would be an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic disease in humans. (jci.org)
They found higher levels of viral shedding in those receiving antibiotic treatment prior to vaccination compared with controls receiving no antibiotic treatment prior to vaccination. (sciencedaily.com)
After antibiotic treatment and vaccination, subjects were assessed for antibody response and viral shedding. (sciencedaily.com)
[ 1-3 ] Initial vaccine safety findings after primary series vaccination among children aged 6 months-5 years showed that transient local and systemic reactions were common whereas serious adverse events were rare. (medscape.com)
Health care providers can counsel parents and guardians of young children that most reactions reported after vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine were mild and transient and that serious adverse events are rare. (medscape.com)
Given the high rate of occurrence of adverse effects that have been reported to date, as well as the potential for vaccine-driven disease enhancement, Th2-immunopathology, autoimmunity, and immune evasion, there is a need for a better understanding of the benefits and risks of mass vaccination, particularly in groups excluded from clinical trials. (researchgate.net)
If DSMBs and EACs do not exist, then vaccination should be halted immediately, in particular for demographic groups at highest risk of vaccine-associated death or serious adverse effects, during such time as it takes to assemble these boards and commence critical and independent assessments. (researchgate.net)
The World Health Assembly, through various resolutions,5,6,7 has urged Member States to adopt a comprehensive approach to the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, integrate hepatitis B vaccine into national immunization programmes and immunize health workers against hepatitis B. By the end of 2013, hepatitis B vaccine had been introduced into routine childhood vaccination schedules in 46 countries in the African Region. (who.int)
Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: Poliovirus vaccination. (who.int)
We have demonstrated the compatibility of bacteriophage Qß virus-like particles (VLPs) with hot-melt extrusion (HME) and have leveraged this technology to develop a single-dose vaccine candidate for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). (bvsalud.org)
Educational efforts by health professionals, aimed at adolescents and their parents, help decision-making on human papillomavirus vaccination, benefiting the implantation process and vaccine coverage. (bvsalud.org)

A recombinant viral vector was first used when a hepatitis B surface antigen gene was inserted into a vaccinia virus. (wikipedia.org)
Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B-related cancers and other diseases. (who.int)
Decades-old fetal cell lines are already used to make a number of common vaccines, including against chickenpox, shingles, Hepatitis A and Rubella. (newsweek.com)
The Vatican's Academy for Life issued a document in 2017 with regard to vaccines using fetal cell lines from the 1960s to make rubella, chickenpox, polio and hepatitis A vaccines. (newsweek.com)
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, caused by five distinct hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, and E) whose routes of transmission, risk groups, courses of disease and control are summarized in the Annex. (who.int)
Coverage with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine was 72% at the end of 2012. (who.int)
This document highlights the situation of viral hepatitis in the African Region, identifies the issues and challenges and proposes actions for its prevention and control. (who.int)
Chronic viral hepatitis may diminish the gains of HIV antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. (who.int)
4 WHO: Guidance on prevention of viral hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs. (who.int)
6 Resolution WHA63.18: Viral Hepatitis. (who.int)
In addition, clinical differentiation of the types of viral hepatitis (A to E) is not possible and the capacity for serological differentiation is lacking in many settings. (who.int)
Viral hepatitis has not received the attention it deserves in the African Region. (who.int)
Other vaccines that combine DTP and/or Haemophilus influenzae type b and/or hepatitis B with IPV appear feasible but require further investigation. (who.int)

Although derived from chick embryo cells, antibodies to chick cell proteins were not detected in recipients of the vaccine (1). (cdc.gov)
Although the company said their experimental vaccine raised neutralizing antibodies, it said nothing about levels. (thetyee.ca)
All vaccine preparations were conceived to elicit anti-Spike protein immune responses, and their effectiveness relies on the generation of neutralizing antibodies. (nature.com)
Administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines leads to the production of extraordinarily high levels of anti-Spike antibodies in serum 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
T cells designed to fight COVID also appear to be much longer lasting in the human body than antibodies. (theconversation.com)
The passive transfer of antibodies may interfere with the response to live viral vaccines (7). (nih.gov)

As of April 2021[update], six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans. (wikipedia.org)
On May 19, 2023, CDC closed enrollment in v-safe for COVID-19 vaccines. (cdc.gov)
CDC greenlights two updated COVID-19 vaccines, but how will they fare against the latest variants? (theconversation.com)
Widespread skepticism toward COVID-19 vaccines took some scientists by surprise. (theconversation.com)
Catholic leaders and others who oppose abortions have raised concerns that potential COVID-19 vaccines are being developed using cells derived from aborted fetuses. (newsweek.com)
Lawyer Tom Renz has exposed that the COVID-19 vaccines, widely advertised as mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines, are in fact lab-created hybrids known as modRNA. (republicbroadcasting.org)
Tom Renz has accused the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Pfizer, and others of misleading the world about the true nature of the COVID-19 vaccines. (republicbroadcasting.org)
They claimed the COVID-19 vaccines were mRNA & that meant MESSENGER RNA (which occurs in life everywhere). (republicbroadcasting.org)
Dec. 9, 2021 An experimental HIV vaccine based on mRNA -- the same platform technology used in two highly effective COVID-19 vaccines -- shows promise in mice and non-human primates, according to scientists. (sciencedaily.com)
Both mRNA COVID-19 vaccines that Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna have developed cannot cause COVID-19. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have undergone safety testing in human clinical trials. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dating back to the 19th century, a slew of vaccines have been developed for many of humanity's most pervasive pathogens, from the very first vaccine in 1798 for smallpox to cholera and typhoid in 1896 to the COVID-19 vaccines in 2020-but no common cold vaccine. (popsci.com)
An additional reason for the vaccine candidate's early appeal is that it may be thermostable, which would make it easier to transport and store than currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines. (eurekalert.org)

The PCEC vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic when the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidelines are employed (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Remítase a los Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Vaccine Recommendations and Guidelines for the most updated vaccine-specific recommendations. (cdc.gov)
As of May 7, 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that all children aged 6 months-5 years receive at least 1 age-appropriate bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. (medscape.com)
a Critical Images slideshow, to help stay current with the latest routine and catch-up immunization schedules for 16 vaccine-preventable diseases. (medscape.com)
5 Resolution WHA45.17: Immunization and vaccine quality. (who.int)

Two Ebola vaccines that used viral vector technology were used to combat Ebola outbreaks in West Africa (2013-2016), and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2018-2020). (wikipedia.org)
Vials of the COVID-19 vaccine are seen at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md., Dec. 14, 2020. (republicbroadcasting.org)
Margaret Keenan, 90, is applauded by staff as she returns to her ward after becoming the first person in the U.K. to receive the Pfizer/BioNtech COVID-19 vaccine on Dec. 8, 2020. (livescience.com)
As of 2020, the rabies vaccine consists of a series of four shots to the hip or upper arm and is "100 percent effective in preventing rabies. (wayoflife.org)
In November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Use Listing procedure authorized limited use of type 2 novel OPV (nOPV2), a vaccine modified to be more genetically stable than the Sabin strain, for cVDPV2 outbreak response ( 3 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

COVID-19 has really "laid the foundation" for rapid production of new vaccines, such as mRNA vaccines, to fight future pathogens, said Maitreyi Shivkumar, a virologist and senior lecturer in molecular biology at De Montfort University in Leicester, England. (livescience.com)
The U.S. Department of Defense's research agency, DARPA, is also funding experimentation to determine if lab-modified self-spreading animal vaccines can prevent the spillover of pathogens to U.S. military personnel in areas where they operate. (mpg.de)
But little was known about the role m6A plays in the human immune system, or in the interactions between our cells and invading pathogens, such as HIV. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Researchers have now generated an efficient algorithm to develop vaccines that cope with the diversity of HIV or other variable pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
David Nickle et al present here an efficient algorithm to develop vaccines that cope with the diversity of HIV or other variable pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)
The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)
A vaccine is a product that can help the immune system fight dangerous pathogens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The molecular strategies that bacterial and viral pathogens use to colonize the human body and cause disease will be studied. (sfu.ca)
We will examine the molecular mechanisms by which microbial pathogens colonize the human body and cause disease. (sfu.ca)
Vaginal swab samples were processed, stored, and shipped to the Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA for analysis. (cdc.gov)

Human papillomavirus vaccine is an effective means of preventing cervical cancer. (who.int)
The instrument was adequate to measure knowledge about HPV, its repercussions and its vaccine among adolescents, parents/guardians and health professionals, as well as measuring the acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

As of April 2021, four adenovirus vector vaccines for COVID-19 have been authorized in at least one country: The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine uses the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1. (wikipedia.org)
The company's vision is to be the go-to supplier of superior quality GF eggs to the vaccine industry globally by 2021. (usda.gov)

A non-live, recombinant influenza virus vaccine not requiring isolation or growth in hen's eggs was licensed in 2013. (cdc.gov)
Background: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a recombinant adenovirus vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that has passed phase III clinical trials and is now in use across the globe. (ox.ac.uk)
Recombinant vaccine technology employs yeast or bacterial cells to made many copies of a particular viral or bacterial protein or sometimes a small part of the protein. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Human clinical trials were conducted for viral vector vaccines against several infectious diseases including Zika virus, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, HIV, and malaria, before the vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. (wikipedia.org)
Wiktor TJ, Plotkin SA, Koprowski H. Development and clinical trials of the new human rabies vaccine of tissue culture (human diploid cell) origin. (cdc.gov)
A wide assortment of candidate HIV-1 vaccines have reached Phase I clinical trials but only three vaccine regimens have advanced to efficacy testing. (nih.gov)
To augment the development portion of the process for identifying and ultimately testing an improved HIV vaccine, NIAID will be using a staged development approach to allow the rapid advancement of promising HIV vaccine platforms to CGMP manufacturing for subsequent clinical testing. (nih.gov)
The primary intent of this BAA solicitation is to provide support to multifunctional teams for advanced development and manufacture of HIV vaccine candidates that have demonstrated success in NHP challenge studies, equivalent preclinical animal models or early human clinical trials, and have demonstrated manufacturing feasibility. (nih.gov)
This staged approach will allow NIAID flexibility to quickly advance vaccine candidates into milestone drive CGMP manufacturing for testing in clinical trials. (nih.gov)
These are the side effects reported by individuals in the clinical trial after receiving the vaccine. (republicbroadcasting.org)
Days before her 91st birthday, Margaret Keenan became the first person in the world to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine outside of clinical trials. (livescience.com)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a Zika vaccine for human clinical trials, marking a significant milestone in the struggle to combat the mosquito-borne disease that has become a global health threat, especially to unborn children. (rt.com)
The lack of thorough testing in animals prior to clinical trials, and authorization based on safety data generated during trials that lasted less than 3.5 months, raise questions regarding vaccine safety. (researchgate.net)
Soon they hope to launch a series of clinical trials in humans, ultimately leading to an effective treatment accessible to everyone. (israelnationalnews.com)
The researchers aim to confirm these findings in human clinical trials soon. (eurekalert.org)
The vaccine was shown to be immunogenic and no safety concerns have been identified in clinical studies. (who.int)
There is evidence that giving rabies vaccine and immune globulin after clinical rabies develops may cause more rapid deterioration. (msdmanuals.com)

Three types of influenza virus are known to affect humans: A, B, and C. Type A influenza has subtypes determined by the surface antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
This approach may also overcome issues associated with the use of viral antigens as a vaccine targets, due to their high variability or the possibility of induction of antibody- dependent enhancement episodes. (sbir.gov)
We developed a CD8 + T-cell-based vaccine platform based on intramuscular (i.m.) injection of a DNA vector coding for antigens of interest fused at the C-terminus of a biologically inactive Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Type 1 Nef protein (Nef mut ) having an unusually high efficiency of incorporation into EVs. (nature.com)
These antigens compress the variation found in many viral strains into lengths suitable for vaccine immunogens. (sciencedaily.com)
Our vaccine candidate delivers antigens to trigger an immune response via nanoparticles engineered from ferritin--a protein found in almost all living organisms," said Jae Jung, PhD, director of the Global Center for Human Health & Pathogen Research and co-senior author on the study. (eurekalert.org)

Antigenic drift involves small mutations in the genes of influenza viruses that lead to changes in HA and NA that accumulate over time, resulting in the emergence of novel strains that the human immune system may not recognize. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic shifts are probably due to genetic recombination (an exchange of a gene segment) between influenza A viruses that affect humans and/or animals. (cdc.gov)
however, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated, and the predominant virus varied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) region and week. (cdc.gov)
One of them, Aedes aegypti, is the primary vector of several widely spread arboviruses such as Zika, dengue and West Nile viruses, and for most of them, human-licensed vaccines do not exist or are suboptimal. (sbir.gov)
I will not be surprised if other viruses with RNA genomes also exploit this m6A modification mechanism to evade immune surveillance and control their replication in human cells. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Viruses get a bad rap, but they also perform many important functions for humans, plants, animals, and the environment. (medicinenet.com)
When most people hear the word "virus," they think of disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses such as the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and others. (medicinenet.com)
Other vaccines use parts of viruses or bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Measles is perhaps the most contagious infectious viral disease, with a basic reproduction number (R 0 ) estimated at between 12 and 18. (gla.ac.uk)
In recent years, measles has re-emerged, largely due to inadequate vaccine coverage. (gla.ac.uk)
In addition to manufacturing the AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine, the institute produces vaccines for measles, tetanus and many other diseases. (npr.org)

On October 20, 1997, the Food and Drug Administration licensed a new rabies vaccine for both pre-exposure and postexposure prophylactic use in humans. (cdc.gov)
Before introduction of the PCEC vaccine, two other products were licensed for use as rabies vaccines in the United States: human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) and rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA). (cdc.gov)
HDCV uses the Pitman Moore strain of fixed rabies virus propagated in infected human diploid cells, and RVA uses a Kissling strain of rabies virus adapted to a diploid cell line of fetal rhesus lung (2,3). (cdc.gov)
The vaccine is lyophilized after addition of a stabilizer solution in 1.0-mL amounts, which supplies at least 2.5 IU of rabies antigen. (cdc.gov)
A global review of rabies vaccines for human use. (cdc.gov)
Burgoyne GH, Kajiya KD, Brown DW, Mitchell JR. Rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed): a new rabies vaccine using FRhL-2 cells. (cdc.gov)
Non-spreading lab-modified viral vaccines are already in use today, for example as vaccines for wild animals against rabies or for humans against polio. (mpg.de)
The first rabies vaccine was developed in 1885 by Louis Pasteur. (wayoflife.org)
To his overwhelming joy, the boy recovered" ("This Is What Happened to the First Person to Get the Rabies Vaccine," Time , July 6, 2015). (wayoflife.org)
Rabies is a viral encephalitis transmitted by the saliva of infected bats and certain other infected mammals. (msdmanuals.com)
Postexposure prophylaxis involves wound care and passive and active immunoprophylaxis and, if promptly and meticulously executed, almost always prevents human rabies. (msdmanuals.com)
Transmission of rabies to humans from small rodents (such as squirrels, chipmunks, rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils) and lagomorphs (including rabbits and hares) has not been reported. (msdmanuals.com)

Zabdeno, the first dose of the Zabdeno/Mvabea Ebola vaccine, is derived from human adenovirus serotype 26, expressing the glycoprotein of the Ebola virus Mayinga variant. (wikipedia.org)
Health care providers can counsel par- lent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. (cdc.gov)
16 years, receive text message reminders, and COVID-19 vaccine dose among children aged 6 months-5 years, complete health surveys on behalf of the child. (cdc.gov)
June 17, 2022-May 7, 2023, approximately 495,576 children from health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and mem- aged 6 months-4 years received a third dose (monovalent or bers of the public. (cdc.gov)
6 months-5 years received a third dose of Moderna vaccine. (cdc.gov)
or (2) COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine authorized for use in individuals 12 years of age and older ( each 0.3 mL dose containing 30 mcg modRNA, supplied in multiple dose vials with gray caps and multiple dose vials with purple caps). (republicbroadcasting.org)
Indeed, while these extra jabs maintain good protection against severe COVID, it's estimated that people receiving a third dose of the Pfizer vaccine will see their protection against developing COVID symptoms (of any degree) drop from 75% to 45% over the ten weeks following their booster. (theconversation.com)
Preliminary safety findings after a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months-5 years are similar to those after other doses. (medscape.com)
Alexander Bukreyev from the US National Institutes of Health and colleagues immunised eight African green monkeys, four with a single dose of an intranasal vaccine derived from an experimental paediatric parainfluenza vaccine (engineered to express a major protective antigen of the SARS coronavirus), the other four with a control. (news-medical.net)
In this study, the researchers administered an initial dose of the vaccine candidate followed by two booster vaccines given 14 and 28 days later. (eurekalert.org)
A few days after the second booster (31 days after the initial vaccine dose), the researchers exposed the models to high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2. (eurekalert.org)

A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
The companion vaccine trial RV305 was designed to permit the evaluation of the immunologic impact of late boosting with either the boosting protein antigen alone, the canarypox viral vector ALVAC alone, or a combination of both. (nih.gov)
Alternatively, the DCs are transduced with a viral vector that expresses the antigen. (jci.org)

Most Adenovirus vectors are replication-defective because of the deletion of the E1A and E1B viral gene region. (wikipedia.org)
Replication defective adenovirus vectors with low sero-prevalence and low T-cell reactivity in the relevant human populations. (nih.gov)
Replication competent viral vectors (e.g. (nih.gov)
Viral replication occurs in the upper and lower respiratory tract and shed infectious virus can be detected in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in faeces and occasionally urine. (gla.ac.uk)
Methods: We used direct RNA sequencing to analyse transcript expression from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 genome in human MRC-5 and A549 cell lines that are non-permissive for vector replication alongside the replication permissive cell line, HEK293. (ox.ac.uk)
At the same time points, viral replication extents in the lungs were evaluated. (nature.com)
The impaired viral replication matched with a reduced induction of Spike-specific CD8 + T lymphocytes. (nature.com)
In view of the quite low mutation rate of the N protein, the present vaccine strategy has the potential to control the replication of all emerging variants. (nature.com)
Since the first lab-modified virus capable of replication was generated in 1974, an evidence-based consensus has emerged that many changes introduced into viral genomes are likely to prove unstable if released into the environment. (mpg.de)
This is an essential step in viral replication. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Prophylactic administration of the monoclonal antibody at 10 mg per kg bodyweight substantially reduced replication of the SARS coronavirus in the lungs of infected ferrets, completely prevented the development of SARS coronavirus-induced lung damage, and prevented viral shedding in pharyngeal secretions. (news-medical.net)

Parents use the following definitions to describe children aged 6 months-4 years) and Moderna vaccines (administered as 2 doses the severity of a child's symptoms: mild (noticeable, but not problematic), for children aged 6 months-5 years) for younger children. (cdc.gov)
Cambridge-based Moderna, for example, made headlines last week with news of a safety trial on just eight healthy individuals for its vaccine. (thetyee.ca)
On June 17, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended the Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to include monovalent (mRNA encoding the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain) formulations of Pfizer-BioNTech (administered as 3 doses for children aged 6 months-4 years) and Moderna vaccines (administered as 2 doses for children aged 6 months-5 years) for younger children. (medscape.com)
For example, 'Two mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are effective against the coronavirus. (researchgate.net)

Vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare adverse event associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). (who.int)

The HPV 2-valent vaccine (Cervarix), which covered types 16 and 18, and the HPV 4-valent vaccine (Gardasil), which covered types 6, 11, 16, and 18, were discontinued in the United States in October 2016. (medscape.com)
Available at http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/BS2185_OPV_Post_ECBS_DB_TZ_DBFinal12Feb2013.pdf, accessed February 2016. (who.int)

Reported by: Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Br, Div of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines help protect farm animals from various diseases. (theconversation.com)
Safe, effective, quality-assured and affordable vaccines, medicines, medical devices, in vitro diagnostics and assistive products are necessary for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, and rare and orphan diseases, as well as the monitoring, rehabilitation and palliative care of individuals with these conditions. (who.int)
The Division of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), is committed to the development of efficacious preventive vaccines against HIV-1 for worldwide use to end the AIDS epidemic. (nih.gov)
Around three decades ago, scientists realized that they could synthesize mRNA in the lab, deliver it into human cells and use the body to make any protein they wanted, such as proteins that could help fight a range of diseases in the body from cancers to respiratory illnesses. (livescience.com)
DC vaccines have been developed for cancer and infectious diseases. (jci.org)
We found that the weakened live virus in the vaccine replicates at a higher level in antibiotic-treated recipients," says co- first author Vanessa Harris, of the Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development and the Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine at the Amsterdam Medical Center, the Netherlands. (sciencedaily.com)
She is passionate about her work in the clinic caring for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, as well as seeking new therapies and vaccines against viral diseases. (nih.gov)
They are intended to limit the spread of animal diseases or disease spillover to humans. (mpg.de)
Treatment resistance for infectious diseases is growing quickly, and chemotherapeutic toxicity in cancer means that vaccines must be made right away to save humanity. (researchgate.net)
So, this review highlights the various types of NPs used in the techniques that have worked in the new paradigm in viral vaccinology for infectious diseases. (researchgate.net)

COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months-5 years are similar aged 6 months-5 years receive at least 1 age-appropriate biva- to those after other doses. (cdc.gov)
Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to included for children aged 6 months-2 years who might not be able to describe include monovalent (mRNA encoding the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 reactions or who might experience reactions that differ from those experienced ancestral strain) formulations of Pfizer-BioNTech (administered as 3 doses for by children aged 3 years. (cdc.gov)
If these vaccines did prove effective, Serum would already have hundreds of millions of doses stockpiled, to start shipping out. (npr.org)
Packed on pallets and stacked up to the rafters were up to 70 million COVID-19 vaccine doses - enough to inoculate several countries. (npr.org)

The study is a human demonstration that altering the bacterial intestinal microbiome can affect a vaccine's immunogenicity. (sciencedaily.com)
The symptoms of viral and bacterial illnesses are sometimes similar. (medicinenet.com)
Most vaccines contain an infectious pathogen or a part of it, but mRNA vaccines deliver the genetic instructions for our cells to make viral or bacterial proteins themselves. (medicalnewstoday.com)
An mRNA vaccine delivers the instructions for making a bacterial or viral protein to our cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)

ABSTRACT Data about the public's awareness and acceptability of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine are lacking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)

Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of live attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine (oral). (who.int)
Adolescents, parents, and carers showed a low proportion of correctness about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

The COVID-19 pandemic served as an unexpected proof of concept for mRNA vaccines. (livescience.com)
But the COVID-19 pandemic served as an unexpected proof of concept for mRNA vaccines, which, experts told Live Science, have the potential to dramatically reshape vaccine production in the future. (livescience.com)
On Thursday (Dec. 10), a panel of experts voted and recommended that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grant emergency approval to Pfizer's vaccine, or permission for it to be distributed prior to full approval under emergency situations like a pandemic . (livescience.com)
There are currently no vaccines or drug treatments for Zika, a disease that the National Institutes of Health says has reached pandemic levels in the Americas. (rt.com)
In the last few years, mRNA used as a vaccine with rapid, scalable, and cost-effective production during the corona pandemic [2]. (researchgate.net)
This will result in improved quality, production costs and viral yields for vaccine manufacturers leading to cost and availability benefits for health service providers for immunisation programmes to protect the health and lives of populations whilst enabling a rapid response to Global pandemic demands. (usda.gov)
Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, humanity has led an arms race against mutations, variants, and extensive contagion, in order to minimize damage to human life and the economy. (israelnationalnews.com)

The first live, attenuated influenza vaccine was licensed in 2003. (cdc.gov)
This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2010--11 influenza season (October 3, 2010--May 21, 2011) and describes the components of the 2011--12 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)

While Huebner-who is credited with discovering oncogenes (genes with the propensity to cause cancer)-was successful in developing an adenovirus vaccine specifically for pharyngoconjunctival fever, he never fulfilled his quest for a common cold vaccine. (popsci.com)

The first viral vector was introduced in 1972 through genetic engineering of the SV40 virus. (wikipedia.org)
In order to transfer a nucleic acid coding for a specific protein to a cell, the vaccines employ a variant of a virus as its vector. (wikipedia.org)
In order to be widely accepted and approved for medical use, the development of viral vector vaccines requires a high biological safety level. (wikipedia.org)
Viral vector vaccines have benefits over other forms of vaccinations depending on the virus which they produced thanks to their qualities of immunogenicity, immunogenic stability, and safety. (wikipedia.org)
Most functional responses increased upon protein boosting, regardless of the viral vector-priming agent incorporation. (nih.gov)
The combined transcriptomic and proteomics approaches provide a detailed insight into the behaviour of this important class of vaccine using state-of-the-art techniques and illustrate the potential of this technique to inform future viral vaccine vector design. (ox.ac.uk)

In the 1950s, however, flush with the success of Jonas Salk's polio vaccine , virologists were convinced it would be just a handful of years before the common cold would be eradicated by vaccine. (popsci.com)
Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks* occur when transmission of Sabin strain poliovirus is prolonged in underimmunized populations, allowing viral genetic reversion to neurovirulence, resulting in cases of paralytic polio ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Thus, the discovery and development, of preventive HIV/AIDS vaccines may be within reach. (nih.gov)
When William Haseltine told a group of fellow scientists in 1986 that an AIDS vaccine would be unlikely because of the difficult nature of the virus, he was booed off the stage. (thetyee.ca)
But we still don't have a vaccine for AIDS," he recently told Reuters. (thetyee.ca)
In the future, these findings could aid in improving the design and efficacy of HIV/AIDS vaccines. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Scientists have been studying people who resist HIV, and new information has come out that may lead to a vaccine that can prevent AIDS . (edenfantasys.com)

Importantly, mRNA vaccines only carry the information to make a small part of a pathogen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, there's also a strong possibility that it's a distant cousin on the human virus family tree , one that is responsible for more sick days and visits to the doctor each year than any other pathogen-rhinovirus. (popsci.com)
CLEVELAND - Researchers from Cleveland Clinic's Global Center for Pathogen Research & Human Health have developed a promising new COVID-19 vaccine candidate that utilizes nanotechnology and has shown strong efficacy in preclinical disease models. (eurekalert.org)

Adar Poonawalla, 40, told NPR last June that he decided to invest tens of millions of dollars in glass vials alone and produce four different coronavirus vaccines, including the Oxford-AstraZeneca one. (npr.org)

Several vaccines were developed and distributed within an unprecedentedly short time in response to the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. (nature.com)
Inside Serum's sprawling factory complex in the western Indian city of Pune, those glass vials - now filled with coronavirus vaccines - whiz off conveyor belts at a rate of around 5,000 per minute. (npr.org)

Lack of data prevented estimating the efficacy of the vaccine in individuals 60 years of age and older and with comorbidities. (who.int)

These immunogens should elicit immune responses against high frequency viral strains as well as against most mutant forms of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
Interference among the three attenuated poliovirus serotypes was minimized with a 'balanced- formulation' vaccine, and serologic responses after IPV were optimized by adjusting the antigenic content of each inactivated poliovirus serotype. (who.int)

The request came after the Trump administration said it would ban the use of human fetal tissue in scientific and medical research by government scientists, in a decision one stem-cell biologist told Nature would "set back research. (newsweek.com)
David Prentice, vice president and research director at the anti-abortion Charlotte Lozier Institute, and associate scholar Dr. James Sherley wrote in a piece on the organization's website that regardless of their individual views, policymakers, healthcare officials, scientists, vaccine creators and funders should consider that the potential ethical dilemma may be a barrier for accessing the vaccine for some. (newsweek.com)
In a proof-of-concept study in healthy adult men, scientists in the Netherlands found that microbiome manipulation with antibiotics influenced response to oral rotavirus vaccine. (sciencedaily.com)
The vaccine had proved to be valuable when tested on animals, and the upcoming Phase I trials will help scientists figure out what the proper dosage levels in humans is. (rt.com)
For decades, scientists have been on the hunt for a universal common cold vaccine-and they're still searching. (popsci.com)
When it comes to manufacturing universal vaccines, scientists hunt for the lowest common denominator-a common trait that the vaccine can target-shared by all variants of a virus. (popsci.com)

Three HPV vaccines (Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix) are licensed and recommended for use in females. (cdc.gov)

Vaccinia virus and adenovirus are the most commonly used viral vectors because of robust immune response it induces. (wikipedia.org)
Cultured [nonhuman] animal cells can produce the same proteins, but they would be decorated with different sugar molecules, which-in the case of vaccines-runs the risk of failing to evoke a robust and specific immune response," he said. (newsweek.com)
Symptoms of the viral illness occur as a result of cell damage, tissue destruction, and the associated immune response. (medicinenet.com)
The researchers tested their vaccine candidate on a ferret model of COVID-19, which reflects the human immune response and disease development better than other preclinical models. (eurekalert.org)
Once this putative vaccine target was identified, the next challenge was how to best generate an effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2. (who.int)

On the basis of information provided by the manufacturer (6) RabAvertTM is a sterile freeze-dried vaccine obtained by growing the fixed-virus strain Flury low egg passage (LEP) in primary cultures of chicken fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
The vaccine uses this technology to prompt the body's immune system to recognize and fight the virus. (republicbroadcasting.org)
The monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus which can spread from infected animals to humans and also from person to person through skin-to-skin contact with skin lesions or body fluids from patients with monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
That means more virus was shed and we know from previous research that children who have higher shedding have better protection from the vaccine. (sciencedaily.com)
The team believes that understanding that triangulation between bacteria, virus, and the human immune system has potential for vaccinology and can lead to important uses of the microbiome that have not been realized to date. (sciencedaily.com)
Like all vaccines, GLS-5700 works by preparing the body's immune system by introducing genetic material similar enough to the virus for the body to develop a resistance to. (rt.com)
If these early results show potential in the vaccine, subsequent trials will involve human subjects who actually have the Zika virus. (rt.com)
none of these monkeys had evidence of viral shedding (presence of the virus in samples from the respiratory tract). (news-medical.net)
With more than a billion cases each year in the US alone -far more than any other virus, including COVID-19 and the flu combined-it's hard to overstate the uplift a universal common cold vaccine would have. (popsci.com)
Considering there are more than 100 types of A and B rhinoviruses," notes Yury Bochkov, a respiratory virus specialist at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , "you would have to put all 100 types in one vial of vaccine in order to enable protection" against just A and B rhinoviruses. (popsci.com)
Add in all the C rhinovirus types (more than 50), then cram in RSV's virus types ( more than 40 ), and that same vaccine would have to be packed with more than 200 strains. (popsci.com)
Currently the battle against the virus relies mainly on RNA-based vaccines, alongside several anti-viral medications. (israelnationalnews.com)
But the Covid virus changes very rapidly, and frequent updates are required to treatments and vaccines that are based on familiarizing the immune system with the virus. (israelnationalnews.com)
Prof. Gazit, who also heads TAU's BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, said: 'To address the rapid changes of the virus, we decided to develop active vaccines made of safe and easily obtainable dietary supplements that would reduce the viral load in the body and cut down contagion. (israelnationalnews.com)
The team's vaccine uses the ferritin nanoparticles to deliver tiny, weakened fragments from the region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that selectively binds to the human entry point for the virus (this fragment is called the receptor-binding domain, or RBD). (eurekalert.org)
When the SARS-CoV-2 RBD binds with the human protein called ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the virus can enter host cells and begin to replicate. (eurekalert.org)
Building on the response to recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the R&D Blueprint has facilitated a coordinated and accelerated response to research into diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for the novel disease. (who.int)
Seroconversion is dependent on both the relative content as well as the absolute quantity of virus in the vaccine. (who.int)

In human cells, RNA is the genetic material that carries instructions from the DNA in a cell's nucleus out to the cytoplasm, where molecular machinery uses those instructions to build proteins. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
One of the proteins encoded by HIV's RNA genome is Rev. After Rev proteins are built in the human host cell's cytoplasm, they move back into the nucleus, where they assemble at a particular point on HIV RNA called the Rev responsive element (RRE). (infectioncontroltoday.com)
mRNA vaccines carry the information that allows our own cells to make the pathogen's proteins or protein fragments themselves. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The protective efficacy of these inactivated vaccines was demonstrated in the 1950s. (cdc.gov)

Vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden. (who.int)

The vaccine is designed for intramuscular use only. (cdc.gov)

This led to the establishment of an unprecedented program to develop a vaccine and strengthened channels for information sharing between countries. (who.int)

Thus, here we analyzed the antibody and functional profile induced by RV305 boosting regimens and found that although IgG1 levels increased in both arms that included protein boosting, IgG3 levels were reduced compared with the original RV144 vaccine strategy. (nih.gov)
The team determined that m6A modification of both human and viral RNA influences the interaction between the HIV Rev protein and the RNA RRE. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This protein is an attractive biomaterial for vaccine and drug delivery for many reasons, including that it does not require strict temperature control. (eurekalert.org)
The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. (who.int)

"We are proud to have attained the approval to initiate the first Zika vaccine study in human volunteers," noted Inovio CEO J. Joseph Kim in a statement. (rt.com)

The majority of viral vectors lack the required genes, making them unable to replicate. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, viral vectors can be produced in high quantities at relatively low costs, which enables use in low-income countries. (wikipedia.org)
Adenovirus vectors have the advantage of high transduction efficiency, transgene expression, and broad viral tropism, and can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. (wikipedia.org)
These properties have made lentiviral vectors advantageous for use in dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. (jci.org)

Octagam is an immune globulin intravenous (human), 5% liquid, indicated for treatment of primary humoral immunodeficiency (PI) (1). (nih.gov)

This relatively new tech, which relies on a synthetic strand of genetic code called messenger RNA (mRNA) to prime the immune system, had not yet been approved for any previous vaccine in the world. (livescience.com)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. (researchgate.net)

Flu vaccines remain the most effective method available to prevent flu illness, especially severe illness. (theconversation.com)

Influenza is an infectious viral illness. (cdc.gov)

Is the Subject Area "Vaccine development" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
The activities supported through this Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) will allow the further development of the current leading HIV vaccine platforms. (nih.gov)
and the development of viral vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
This led to the study of the virus's characteristics and the development and use of inactivated vaccines in the late 1930s and 1940s. (cdc.gov)
Here's how mRNA vaccines work, and why they could make such a difference for vaccine development. (livescience.com)
The development of blocking therapies against them could be a good approach to reduce viral spread in the infected host. (sbir.gov)
Delivering mRNA successfully to cells inside our bodies and ensuring that enzymes within our cells do not degrade it are key challenges in vaccine development. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The preliminary results show the potential for the development of human SARS immunisation. (news-medical.net)
That was considered the major obstacle in development of those vaccines," Bochkov says. (popsci.com)
The current global COVID-19 public health emergency underscores the need to accelerate the development of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. (who.int)
The vaccine development is carefully reviewed and discussed in order to assess their value in protecting against COVID-19 and a potential recommendation of use based on a careful benefit - risk approach. (who.int)

A vaccine targeting HPV 16/18 potentially prevents the majority of invasive cervical (66.2%), anal (79.4%), oropharyngeal (60.2%), and vaginal (55.1%) cancers, as well as many penile (47.9%), vulvar (48.6%) cancers: 24 858 cases annually. (nih.gov)
If that is so, which we believe it is, then one could potentially use the microbiome to improve vaccine performance," says Harris, whose research has focused on the potential correlation between the microbiome and oral vaccine performance. (sciencedaily.com)
If, as is argued, self-spreading vaccines are potentially transformational in a wide array of agricultural, medical and conservation uses, then developers and funders should commit to address needs within their own borders, rather than continue to propose equatorial nations for field testing. (mpg.de)
These short-length immunogens are potentially useable in a vaccine, as they reflect the diversity of features in HIV-1 strains. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care4

Infection35

Infections20

Immunity15

Vaccination19

Hepatitis13

Antibodies6

COVID-19 Vaccines13

Immunization5

20205

Pathogens11

Papillomavirus Vaccine2

20212

Recombinant3

Clinical14

Antigens5

Viruses8

Measles3

Rabies12

Dose11

Antigen3

Replication11

Moderna4

Oral poliovirus vaccine1

20162

Diseases11

Doses4

Bacterial4

Acceptability of the human1

Safety and Efficacy2

Pandemic7

Influenza Vaccine2

Adenovirus vaccine1

Vector6

Polio2

AIDS5

Pathogen3

Oxford-AstraZeneca1

Coronavirus2

Efficacy of the vaccine1

Responses2

Scientists6

Cervarix1

Immune response5

Virus18

Proteins3

Protective1

Epidemiology1

Intramuscular1

Develop a vaccine1

Protein4

Zika1

Vectors4

Humoral1

MESSENGER RNA2

Severe1

Infectious viral1

Development11

Potentially4