Human stem cells diseases clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)
The tricked eggs divide for four or five days until they reach 50 to 100 cells - the blastocyst stage. (newscientist.com)
Stem cells were then derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
The Korean researchers who performed this stem cell research improved upon their protocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
In the first 4 - 5 days after fertilization, the early-stage embryo (or blastocyst) is comprised of about 150 cells, within which there is a region called the Inner Cell Mass containing the stem cells. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
human beings have developed innovative technologies to treat and cure disease, to enhance human living conditions, and to protect or improve the environment. (jcpa.org)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Can Human beings be Cloned? (irfi.org)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
Scientists have the wrong and ambitious idea that they can create a new human being by themselves, but the truth is that the only one who can do that is God.If people do not stop thinking about cloning human beings at this time, in the future the consequences will be worse because it is not going to be use only for positive things but only negative things. (freebooksummary.com)
Should the Cloning of Human Beings be Prohibited? (freebooksummary.com)

The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)
A number of scientists are trying to create life in the lab, specifically artificial cells. (reasons.org)
Swann hopes to be the first to harvest embryonic stem cells from human parthenogenetic blastocysts, but other scientists are trying different approaches. (newscientist.com)
As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
Scientists have isolated the first human embryonic stem cell lines specifically tailored to match the nuclear DNA of patients, both males and females of various ages, suffering from disease or spinal cord injury. (scienceblog.com)
The work also moves scientists one step closer to the goal of transplanting healthy cells into humans to replace cells damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes. (scienceblog.com)
From the 31 nuclear-transfer blastocysts, the scientists derived 11 stem cell lines. (scienceblog.com)
Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University and the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) have successfully reprogrammed human skin cells to become embryonic stem cells capable of transforming into any other cell type in the body. (ohsu.edu)
And while it may seem that the choice inherent to cloning can circumvent these potential genetic disadvantages, scientists have found that it is not necessary. (scienews.com)
Although Dolly the sheep is the most famous animal ever cloned with the help of science, it is obviously not the only one in its kind: scientists have cloned mice, cats and several types of livestock in addition to sheep. (scienews.com)
Cloning cows in recent years has provided scientists with an understanding of why they did not get everything: starting with problems during implantation and ending with the aforementioned mutations, which lead to the death of offspring. (scienews.com)
Harris Lewin, Professor, Department of evolution and ecology, University of California at Davis, and its scientists published work on the implications of cloning for gene expression in the journal proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2016. (scienews.com)
Scientists call this process "therapeutic" cloning, that is cloning for medical and therapeutic purposes, and distinguish it from traditional cloning, which has reproductive implications. (scienews.com)
In 2014, scientists created human stem cells by the same technique of cloning, which created Dolly the sheep. (scienews.com)
In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
The scientists said they suspect that similar roadblocks exist for all primates -- the evolutionary grouping that includes monkeys and humans. (irfi.org)
In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
Because the early stem cells have the ability to become any one of the hundreds of different kinds of human cells, scientists are working on research using these cells with the aim of creating therapies to treat a variety of diseases. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Furthermore most scientists agree that research cloning for medical research is not needed as a source of embryonic stem cells these can be obtained from embryos generated by in vitro fertilization. (freebooksummary.com)

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)

1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
A trick that persuades human eggs to divide as if they have been fertilised could provide a source of embryonic stem cells that sidesteps ethical objections to existing techniques. (newscientist.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Originally the term clone was used to cover plant material simply derived from asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction - tubers, plantlets, offsets etc. and cuttings, grafts etc. (biotopics.co.uk)
Amoeba reproduces solely by asexual reproduction to produce genetically identical offspring, and some animals alternate between sexual and asexual stages which result in clones being formed. (biotopics.co.uk)
The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)

While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
For instance, it may be possible one day to produce cardiac tissue to repair a heart damaged in a heart attack, nerve tissue to repair spinal cord injuries and cell therapies to treat people suffering from Alzheimer's or ALS. (jewishvaluesonline.org)

3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

Implanting replacement tissue into damaged and diseased organs would provide the opportunity to treat and possibly cure many dreaded diseases and debilitating injuries. (reasons.org)
The mass of undifferentiated tissue can be divided into individual cells without damage, and then left to grow into more masses of tissue, similar to an embryo inside a seed. (biotopics.co.uk)
It is known that in simpler organisms the differentiation process is less inflexible, and that damage to the body can be overcome due to cells re-growing lost tissue. (biotopics.co.uk)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. (scienceblog.com)
The technique used by Drs. Mitalipov, Paula Amato, M.D. , and their colleagues in OHSU's Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, is a variation of a commonly used method called somatic cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT. (ohsu.edu)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)

Diseases or conditions that might be treated through stem cell therapy include Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cardiac disease and spinal cord injuries. (ohsu.edu)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)

Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)

Conversely, you and I are on an unstoppable trajectory of growing and decaying that is a hallmark of later fetal and born human life. (jewishvaluesonline.org)

At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)

increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)

But Josephine Quintavalle of Comment on Reproductive Ethics, a London-based pro-life lobby group greeted the new procedure with caution. (newscientist.com)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
The right to have children is understood in very different ways and people's ethics and values are put to the test each and everyday when they find out they not only must take care of themselves but the lives of another human being. (bartleby.com)
Convened during a nationwide cloning and embryonic stem cell research debate, the Council stated that it worked to address arguments about ethics from many different perspectives. (asu.edu)
Even though some people think that cloning should be allowed, I am not in agreement with this because of these three reasons: When people want to create a clone I believe they are trying to imitate God, it goes against ethics, and it also can cause health problems.There are people who believe that cloning should be allowed. (freebooksummary.com)
Furthermore, it affects to ethics is because it is intolerable.According to Mr. Per Anderson, a teacher of religion at Concordia College in Minnesota, cloning is not good because it changes the structure of nature. (freebooksummary.com)
In addition, as we realize cloning not only goes against religion and ethics, but it also can cause health problems.For instance, it can cause some damage to the size of the upper and lower extremities and also can affect organs such as ears or nose. (freebooksummary.com)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)
This could eliminate one of the main sources of ethical controversy in this research," says Bob Lanza, head of research at the cloning company Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts. (newscientist.com)
American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
The Society is concerned that a ban on nuclear transplantation might thwart research directed at finding cures and treatments for diseases and disabilities which solely, predominantly or differently affect women,' says their president, Phyllis Greenberger. (boloji.com)
In a Science "Policy Forum" related to the team's latest findings, David Magnus and Mildred Cho from Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA discuss international oversight and ethical issues in oocyte donation, including the need to promote realistic expectations of the outcomes of stem cell research. (scienceblog.com)
The research breakthrough, led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Ph.D. , a senior scientist at ONPRC, follows previous success in transforming monkey skin cells into embryonic stem cells in 2007. (ohsu.edu)
This latest research will be published in the journal Cell online May 15 and in print June 6. (ohsu.edu)
The research team found that chemically maintaining metaphase throughout the transfer process prevented the process from stalling and allowed the cells to develop and produce stem cells. (ohsu.edu)
This is a remarkable accomplishment by the Mitalipov lab that will fuel the development of stem cell therapies to combat several diseases and conditions for which there are currently no treatments or cures," said Dr. Dan Dorsa, Ph.D. , OHSU Vice President for Research. (ohsu.edu)
The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
They were optimistic based on the research carried out into human genetics. (irfi.org)
The researchers also say finding that the gene works in a different way in humans from animals such as rats and mice has raised questions about large areas of medical research. (irfi.org)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
What is the Jewish perspective on stem cell research? (jewishvaluesonline.org)
If embryonic stem-cell research offers real possibilities for future cures then, from a Jewish point of view, it may be pursued with caution, humility, and strict supervision. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Thus, there is broad halakhic (Jewish legal) agreement that stem cell research is permitted on "excess" embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Most (but not all) authorities would forbid the creation of embryos with the express purpose of killing them in the pursuit of stem cell research. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
The controversy over stem cell research is focused specifically on the use of stem cells taken from embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
He told me that stem cell research carried the promise of a cure -- but that the Bush administration was blocking that research from happening. (ontheissues.org)
On the first day I enter the Oval Office, I will repeal the Bush restrictions on stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
The Institute's research focuses on the study of infectious diseases, micro-organisms, viruses, and vaccines. (asu.edu)
In 1928 Ezra Seymour Gosney founded the non-profit Human Betterment Foundation (HBF) in Pasadena, California to support the research and publication of the personal and social effects of eugenic sterilizations carried out in California. (asu.edu)
In 1913 Franklin P. Mall, Professor of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins Medical School, applied for a Carnegie grant to support his research with human embryos. (asu.edu)

One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
In the normal course of gestation, these cells will divide and split off from one another to become every cell in the human body, forming the various organs and tissues. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Another reason is the possibility of cloning organs to save lives. (freebooksummary.com)
This argument I see it very insufficient because cloned organs can have some defects and cause some damage in a person's body and organism if the procedure is not well done. (freebooksummary.com)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
Since the growth involves nuclear division by mitosis and cell division, the resulting cells are identical. (biotopics.co.uk)
Currently, the procedure for isolating non-reproductive cells for the nuclear transfer method involves animal enzymes and serum. (scienceblog.com)
It involves transplanting the nucleus of one cell, containing an individual's DNA, into an egg cell that has had its genetic material removed. (ohsu.edu)
A few years ago, in an article in the The Times of London newspaper, the author, Michael Gove, made the following statement: "Embryonic stem-cell experimentation involves not just the destruction of human life but the creation of life with the specific intent to destroy it. (jewishvaluesonline.org)

There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
The principles of cloning have been applied to some more fundamental experimentation in plants and animals. (biotopics.co.uk)
First, while stem-cell experimentation could involve the creation of embryos with the express purpose of destroying them, this is not the only means available for obtaining embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Second, Michael Gove holds that embryonic experimentation represents the destruction of human life. (jewishvaluesonline.org)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
As a result of aging, older organisms become increasingly vulnerable to a variety of age-related diseases and conditions, culminating in death. (agemed.org)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

Thus, a kind of 'regenerative medicine' gives people access to therapies derived from their own cells. (boloji.com)
It is believed that stem cell therapies hold the promise of replacing cells damaged through injury or illness. (ohsu.edu)

There has been much controversy over these procedures, partly based on the origin of the biological material in the first place and partly due to misgivings over the implications of continuing cell division. (biotopics.co.uk)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
un tel dialogue prendra en considération non seulement les bienfaits scientifiques mais également les implications morales, éthiques et juridiques. (who.int)

One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

Some in the biomedical community hope to develop techniques to generate replacement tissues from these embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
In embryos, cells derived from a fertilised egg divide repeatedly to produce tissues for the developing foetus. (biotopics.co.uk)
The related concept of Longevity Determination , however, is the result of a species-specific genomic expression during early development that positions the somatic tissues of an organism to survive long after its reproductive period has been completed. (agemed.org)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

Several years of monkey studies that utilize somatic cell nuclear transfer have never successfully produced monkey clones. (ohsu.edu)

When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
One important distinction is that while the method might be considered a technique for cloning stem cells, commonly called therapeutic cloning, the same method would not likely be successful in producing human clones otherwise known as reproductive cloning. (ohsu.edu)

But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Hwang and colleagues report that the cells are chromosomally normal, self-renewing and "pluripotent" - meaning they have the ability to form the three major types of cells in the early embryo that give rise to all other cells in the body. (scienceblog.com)

In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
Experiments on amphibian eggs (frog spawn) have proved that it is relatively easy to transfer a new nucleus (from a body cell) into an egg cell which will then usually develop normally according to the genetic information in the transplanted nucleus. (biotopics.co.uk)
Each of the 11 new human embryonic stem cell lines was created by transferring the nuclear genetic material from a non-reproductive cell of a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. (scienceblog.com)
In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)
The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)
and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)

Though fraught with problems, reproductive cloning at least strives to reproduce a human being and, in principle, preserves the value of human life. (reasons.org)
What are stem cells and why are they so fraught with both hope and controversy? (flfamily.org)

As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)

Most bacteria reproduce asexually and so produce offspring which are a clone. (biotopics.co.uk)

your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

It's easy to do: First, write a proposed law that you claim outlaws human cloning. (cbc-network.org)

Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)
To determine incidence among humans and to identify associated factors, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of human M. bovis cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during 2002-2014. (cdc.gov)

The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Before patient-specific stem cells can potentially be used in the clinic, a variety of issues must be addressed, the researchers emphasized. (scienceblog.com)
In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. (scienceblog.com)
From the 185 donated oocytes, endowed with the genetic material from a different person (or in one case, the same person), the researchers report development of 31 hollow balls of cells called "human nuclear-transfer blastocysts. (scienceblog.com)
The researchers generated these stem cell lines ten times more efficiently than in their 2004 Science study, using improved laboratory methods. (scienceblog.com)
Through moving findings between monkey cells and human cells, the researchers were able to develop a successful method. (ohsu.edu)

It had been thought that in mammals (including Man), the situation was somewhat different and that it was very difficult to persuade nuclei from differentiated cells to divide again, when inserted into other cells. (biotopics.co.uk)
In an embryo, some dividing cells are becoming differentiated according to their function, but there are also unspecialised stem cells which may be persuaded to divide into different types of cells, depending on the body's requirements. (biotopics.co.uk)
Other improvements over the last paper include the reduced use of animal products in laboratory procedures and better evidence that the cell lines matched the patients' cells and did not have a parthenogenetic origin, where unfertilized eggs can divide on their own. (scienceblog.com)

However some believe that there are a variety of advantages in being able to clone agricultural animals by splitting early embryos. (biotopics.co.uk)

However, with the advent of techniques including nutritional and temperature conditioning of cells taken from the body of higher animals, it has proved possible to clone mammals, e.g. (biotopics.co.uk)
Although some of the practical difficulties of cloning whole mammals have been overcome, there is little likelihood of applying this cloning technique to humans. (biotopics.co.uk)

In the laboratory, cells have been taken from human embryos (normally obtained via an abortion) or from foetal blood cells in umbilical cord. (biotopics.co.uk)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
Viewed in this way, identical (non-fraternal) twins are fairly commonplace examples of a natural cloning process. (biotopics.co.uk)
the reliability of the process could be increased, and it has transpired that cloned offspring effectively age prematurely - due to progressive deterioration of structures called telomeres at the edges of chromosomes. (biotopics.co.uk)
The key to this success was finding a way to prompt egg cells to stay in a state called "metaphase" during the nuclear transfer process. (ohsu.edu)
Metaphase is a stage in the cell's natural division process (meiosis) when genetic material aligns in the middle of the cell before the cell divides. (ohsu.edu)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Aging is a physical process that doesn't normally reveal itself until after the completion of a species-specific interval of reproductive competence during which adults rear their progeny from childhood to independence (See Life History ). (agemed.org)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)
Leidy Escobar 11152012 Three Reasons Why Cloning Should Not Be Allowed Cloning is the process of creating a genetic duplicate of a human being. (freebooksummary.com)

This should remove the ethical objections that some people have to harvesting from donated human embryos. (newscientist.com)

Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)
What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
These blastocysts should in theory yield stem cells, but because they are parthenogenetic - produced from the egg only - they cannot be viewed as a potential human life, says Karl Swann of the University of Wales College of Medicine in Cardiff, UK. (newscientist.com)
The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
This lack of potential for development puts embryonic human life in a separate category. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
Despite control efforts, Mycobacterium bovis incidence among cattle remains high in parts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, attracting political and public health interest in potential spread from animals to humans. (cdc.gov)

It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)

Previous unsuccessful attempts by several labs showed that human egg cells appear to be more fragile than eggs from other species. (ohsu.edu)
I think no one understood how difficult it would be to clone some species and easy - to others. (scienews.com)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
CR has been effective in all species in which it has been tried (although the jury is still out on humans). (agemed.org)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) is approved for treating both children and adults with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). (cdc.gov)

Practical implementation of reproductive cloning suffers significant problems. (reasons.org)
Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)

In their new paper, Science author Woo Suk Hwang from Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea and colleagues replaced the nuclei from donated oocytes with nuclei from skin cells from male and female patients, ranging in age from 2 to 56, who had spinal cord injuries, juvenile diabetes and the genetic disease "congenital hypogamma-globulinemia. (scienceblog.com)

Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)

Among these are several which affect women disproportionately or exclusively, such as breast and ovarian cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis and autoimmune diseases. (boloji.com)

For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
Any offspring of that cell will be genetically identical to the parent cell. (scienews.com)
A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)

But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)

Although science has come a long way in this direction in the last century, when it came to cloning, zoo animals, humans and primates, there was always an insuperable obstacle. (scienews.com)
The first obstacle to cloning your dog is that $100,000 cost. (wikiquote.org)

Anatomy47

Organisms13

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Named Groups2

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Blastocyst12

Beings13

Obtain embryonic stem1

Scientists26

Dolly3

Source of embryonic stem2

Centers for Diseas1

Adult12

Asexual5

Alzheimer's2

Genetically Engineered2

Tissue7

SCNT5

Parkinson's1

Ethically unacceptable3

Destroying human embryos1

Fetal1

Embryos for research2

Embryo research6

Ethics7

Research45

Organs6

Cows1

Involves6

Experimentation4

Organisms4

Therapies2

Implications3

Surrogate2

Tissues4

Somatic cell nuclear1

Commonly2

Pluripotent2

Nucleus7

Debate6

Fraught2

Woman's uterus1

Organism7

Reproduce1

Gestation2

Outlaws1

20023

Researchers6

Divide3

Early embryos1

Mammals2

Umbilical cord1

Prohibit1

Process9

Ethical objections1

Potential10

Biology1

Species7

Sickle-cell an1

Practical2

Diabetes1

Attempts to clone1

Autoimmune diseases1

Mice2

Identical3

Ovum2

Circumvent1

Obstacle2