• In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)
  • creates a cloned embryo. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • A cloned embryo-like a natural embryo-is an individual organism, a member of its (in this case, human) species. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • After that, the question becomes not whether to clone, but what to do with the embryo that was created through the cloning process. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Repeat after me: Human SCNT creates a human embryo through asexual means. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The only question is what you do with the living human embryo you have manufactured. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The Los Angeles Times has waded in to the junk biology game, assuring us that no embryos are threatened in human cloning-WHEN THE WHOLE POINT OF HUMAN CLONING IS TO CREATE AN EMBRYO! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
  • Thus, while Ramsey agreed that there is a human being present immediately at fertilization, he did not agree that it was also a human embryo or a human person - the classic "pre-embryo" argument. (lifeissues.net)
  • The human embryo did not begin until after 14-days, thus the above quote from Saunders would not apply. (lifeissues.net)
  • Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
  • 6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
  • Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)
  • In that sense, the human embryo would not be even a human being yet, much less a human person. (lifeissues.net)
  • Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
  • That is, it would be acknowledging that the human embryo and the human " baby " are the same human being and human person throughout all of his/her development. (lifeissues.net)
  • On the other hand, if by "potential" one means that the human embryo is not a human being or human person yet , but might be later once it has been born (i.e., a "baby"), then that statement is both scientifically and philosophically incorrect. (lifeissues.net)
  • Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
  • Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
  • There are enough for IVF, but way too few for the hundreds of thousands needed for the extensive trial and error process that will be required to prefect human SCNT, at least to develop the cloned embryo to the point where stem cells can be harvested and eventually, cloned embryos eventually gestated to birth. (cbc-network.org)
  • Dr. Shinya Yamanaka of Japan and others have turned adult skin cells into human embryonic stem cells, without using an embryo. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • In a 2007 story in the New York Times, Yamanka recalls looking at a down the microscope at a human embryo. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Among the factors thought to contribute to the greater success in cloning cattle are the relatively late embryonic genome activation specific for this species [16 -18] and the optimization of reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer, brought about by the cattle industry [19]. (sibi.org)
  • The original monkey was altered as an embryo by knocking out its BMAL1 gene, which is associated with regulating sleep-wake patterns, and the five newborns produced with SCNT all have identical genomes that also lack the BMAL1 gene. (inverse.com)
  • To be sure, viewed through the lens of Jewish law, even the embryo outside the womb is human life. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • If implantation of the embryo is not contemplated, embryonic human life is static. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • Even the tiniest incision to extract and change the nucleus for SCNT would prohibit the embryo from growing right into a chick. (sgchinchillas.com)
  • for research purposes" and "research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed. (ecamrl.org)
  • Because SCNT creates a new embryo, under Dickey-Wicker it cannot be funded by the NIH. (ecamrl.org)
  • Here's how: Under the disingenuous title "Prohibition against Funding for Human Cloning," the legislation inaccurately defines "human cloning" as the implantation of a cloned embryo, instead of as the creation of such an embryo. (ecamrl.org)
  • In this section, the term "human cloning" means the implantation of the product [the cloned embryo] of transferring the nuclear material of a human somatic cell into an egg cell from which the nuclear material has been removed or rendered inert [SCNT] into a uterus or the functional equivalent of a uterus. (ecamrl.org)
  • That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
  • The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
  • Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)
  • As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
  • However, one may also wonder whether more weight should be accorded the second principle that prohibits embryo's use in generating stem cells because it violates value and respect for the embryo which is the start of a human being. (premiumessays.net)
  • Opponents argue that the research is unethical, because deriving the stem cells destroys the blastocyst, an unimplanted human embryo at the sixth to eighth day of development . (goodmancoaching.nl)
  • The modified egg would then be stimulated and, if the cloning "took," a new human embryo would come into being. (humanize.today)
  • Animal human embryo research approved, according to reports BBC News, news@nature and ScienceNOW, 5 September 2007. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
  • these are the "holy grail" that would be useful for therapeutic or reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • If research involving human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is to achieve its potential for creating breakthrough medical therapies, additional new cell lines should be created, and therapeutic cloning--or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)--should be employed, according to an expert panel of the National Academy of Sciences. (the-scientist.com)
  • With Hwang discredited, both the field of therapeutic cloning and the public's trust in science have suffered a serious setback. (nature.com)
  • Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
  • Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
  • SCNT, or therapeutic cloning, is one method used to produce a source of individually-tailored stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Disorder of circadian rhythm could lead to many human diseases, including sleep disorders, diabetic mellitus, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, our BMAL1-knock out monkeys thus could be used to study the disease pathogenesis as well as therapeutic treatments" says Hung-Chun Chang, senior author on both papers and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience, said in a statement . (inverse.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology modeling diseases and for therapeutic applications. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Human cloning via SCNT was redefined from "therapeutic cloning" in the advocates' lexicon to merely "stem-cell research. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • This paper's main objective is to support the argument that embryo's cloning for one's self to serve as the stem cells' source for purposes of therapy should be considered morally permissible for people who want to prolong lives via this type of therapeutic option . (premiumessays.net)
  • Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • A second argument for cloning starts with the idea of reproductive rights. (bartleby.com)
  • If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
  • More to the point, cloning is the key technology that will be required for the Brave New World project of human self design, genetic engineering, transhumanistic tinkering, human enhancement, and using reproductive technologies to shatter the remaining vestiges of norms surrounding families. (cbc-network.org)
  • Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • The commonest kind of reproductive cloning is known as somatic cell nuclear switch (SCNT). (sgchinchillas.com)
  • In actual fact, the United Nations attempted to pass a world ban on human reproductive cloning in 2005. (sgchinchillas.com)
  • and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)
  • In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-suk, a professor at Seoul National University, published two separate articles in the journal Science claiming to have successfully harvested pluripotent, embryonic stem cells from a cloned human blastocyst using SCNT techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most embryos…formed one or two pronuclei at the time of removal from TSA, whereas a slightly higher portion of embryos cleaved…suggesting that some SCNT embryos did not exhibit visible pronuclei at the time of examination… Most cleaved embryos developed to the eight-cell stage…but few progressed to compact morula…and blastocyst. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)
  • 7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
  • The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
  • I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
  • True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
  • Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
  • The team tweaked the SCNT procedure using new technology that helped with the nucleus transfer and the fusion of cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • SCNT allows generating ESCs (ntESC) from cloned embryos obtained through injection of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
  • Next, the nucleus of the person to be cloned is removed from a skin cell and placed where the egg's nucleus used to be. (humanize.today)
  • The technique involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell from an animal, such as a cow or a rabbit, and inserting the nucleus of human cell. (creationfactfile.com)
  • The resulting cell is called a "cybrid" rather than a hybrid, because it has a human nucleus and animal cytoplasm. (creationfactfile.com)
  • This research assumes that the animal cytoplasm will not make any difference as only the human DNA in the nucleus will determine how the cell will function. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Cytoplasm contains animal DNA (in the mitochondria), which must work with the human DNA in the nucleus if the cell is to function properly. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Although the possibility of cloning humans had been the subject of speculation for much of the 20th century, scientists and policymakers began to take the prospect seriously in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many nations outlawed it, while a few scientists promised to make a clone within the next few years. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2013, a group of scientists led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov published the first report of embryonic stem cells created using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The first cloned monkeys made with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) were born recently, according to Chinese scientists. (bioedge.org)
  • In 2013, scientists reported a successful SCNT procedure by modifying the protocol for specific human oocyte biology. (news-medical.net)
  • Scientists from the Monash Institute of Medical Research (MIMR) and colleagues from New South Wales will compare two different methods of creating patient-specific stem cells: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Five clones of a gene-edited long-tailed macaque with several symptoms of genetic disease have been successfully bred, announced a team of scientists in Shanghai this week. (inverse.com)
  • The original monkey had been altered with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to give its clones a disrupted circadian rhythm so that scientists can learn how to treat humans with related disorders. (inverse.com)
  • CNN)For the first time, scientists say they created cloned primates using the same complicated cloning technique that made Dolly the sheep in 1996. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • Scientists in 1999 created Tetra, a rhesus monkey, but used what researchers consider a simpler cloning method that produces a more limited number of off spring. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • When scientists made Dolly the sheep, years after she was born they used the same cell cluster to make four other sheep clones. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • Speed while performing the procedure helped, they learned, and scientists discovered clones created out of cells from fetal tissue did better than when they used adult cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • With this birth, these scientists have broken a barrier and that means the technique could, in theory, be applied to humans. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • Because the early stem cells have the ability to become any one of the hundreds of different kinds of human cells, scientists are working on research using these cells with the aim of creating therapies to treat a variety of diseases. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • I realize that I could be accused of bias because I am one of the founders of International Stem Cell, but, in fact, our company also owns license rights to some of the key intellectual property that is required to create cells through SCNT technology and our scientists are very familiar with its promise and its limitations. (intlstemcell.com)
  • But what really got under "the scientists" skin was the clarion moral message sent by the president: It is wrong to treat nascent human life as a mere natural resource to be sown, reaped, and consumed. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • Amendment 2 in Missouri-which established a constitutional right in Missouri to conduct human cloning research-was expected to cruise to an easy victory, proving that even in the Bible Belt, people wanted scientists to pursue ESCR/SCNT. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • Scientists would need to develop a way of successfully cloning humans and disabling their cognitive functions so they could only be used for organs, he noted. (humanize.today)
  • The scientists hope to induce the cell to divide and form embryonic stem cells, which they will then use for research into stem cell therapy for human diseases, e.g. (creationfactfile.com)
  • One of the scientists who wants to try the technique, Stephen Minger of King's College London in the U.K. commented: "The use of nonhuman oocytes (egg cells) for SCNT is currently the only ethically justifiable option given the large numbers of eggs required to derive cloned human stem cell lines. (creationfactfile.com)
  • The cloning method used by the Chinese scientists "should not become a test case for the perfection of human cloning techniques," said Raymond Johnson, a Pennsylvania pastor who received a financial award from Trinity International University last year to help him study the relationship between Christianity and science. (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
  • A) a diagram of the cloning procedure using SCNT, B) the cloned embryos at different stages of development, and C) the five cloned monkeys. (inverse.com)
  • While they succeeded in obtaining cloned macaques, the numbers are too low to make many conclusions, except that it remains a very inefficient and hazardous procedure,' said Robin Lovell-Badge, an embryologist and head of the Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Francis Crick Institute. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
  • Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)
  • Do our only cloned primates come from the lab of Woo Suk Hwang's colleague? (nature.com)
  • In a meeting in Washington (3 December 2001) the researcher Tanja Dominko presented the results of monkey cloning (Macacus rhesus) when she worked at the Regional Center of Research in Primates of Beaverton, Oregon (USA). (sibi.org)
  • As Amber Tong reported for Endpoints News at the time, the challenges of cloning primates made this achievement a momentous one. (inverse.com)
  • Adding on top of that the successful cloning of primates with CRISPR-mediated gene deletions, the researchers have gone to great lengths to study the biological mechanisms for genetic diseases. (inverse.com)
  • These two are not the first primates to be cloned. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • SHANGHAI (BP) -- The first-ever primates cloned through a technique that produced Dolly the sheep have been cited by Christian bioethicists as a potentially valuable development in animal research. (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • Nobel Prize-winning geneticist Joshua Lederberg advocated cloning and genetic engineering in an article in The American Naturalist in 1966 and again, the following year, in The Washington Post. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. What genetic information is required to clone a human or an animal? (scienceteacherprogram.org)
  • A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
  • However, since clones are the exact replicas of someone already alive, their genetic dispositions will have already surfaced. (bartleby.com)
  • They mimic the genetic status of humans with AD and will be used to further investigate the earliest changes in the cells lead to irreversible changes in the brain that cause dementia. (isaaa.org)
  • Without the interference of genetic background, a much smaller number of cloned monkeys carrying disease phenotypes may be sufficient for pre-clinical tests of the efficacy of therapeutics. (inverse.com)
  • It is not feasible to clone a human using only hair as the source of DNA since hair cells do not contain the complete set of genetic material necessary for human cloning. (scinotions.com)
  • Although hair contains nucleated cells with genetic material, the DNA within them is often degraded and insufficient for cloning. (scinotions.com)
  • From Steve Lefemine, Christians for Personhood : 'Eugenics and Planned Parenthood - Margaret Sanger' Forgotten History https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OP7ZzV4Z338 'The term eugenics is basically a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population, historically by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior and promoting those judged to be superior. (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • There are now two ways to create new mammalian life, including humans. (cbc-network.org)
  • One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
  • SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
  • Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • In his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Future in 1963, he said: It is extremely hopeful that some human cell lines can be grown on a medium of precisely known chemical composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. (bioedge.org)
  • Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
  • Here's what I mean: Each try at somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning to manufacture a human being (or, member of the species Homo sapiens , if you prefer) requires a human egg. (cbc-network.org)
  • CR has been effective in all species in which it has been tried (although the jury is still out on humans). (agemed.org)
  • The efficiency of cloning, defined as the proportion of transferred embryos that result in viable offspring, is approximately 2 to 3% for all species. (sibi.org)
  • However, in cattle, average cloning efficiency is higher than in other species, ranging from 5 to 20% [10 -15]. (sibi.org)
  • The SCNT technique has worked to create about 20 different animals including frogs, mice, rabbits, pigs, cows and even dogs, but there have been 'numerous attempts to clone non-human primate species, but they all failed,' said Mumming Poo, an author on the paper. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • Transhumanism is a futuristic social movement that advocates harnessing the transformative powers of computer science, biotechnology, and medicine to create a "post-human species. (humanize.today)
  • With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
  • The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
  • It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
  • They used this to perform a cloning technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) wherein they removed the hereditary material from an unfertilized egg cell taken from a pig, then fused it with a skin cell from the gene-edited pig to develop a new individual. (isaaa.org)
  • 체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
  • Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
  • The researchers used somatic cell nuclear transfer, the same technique used to clone Dolly the sheep more than two decades ago, to clone the monkey and produce five cloned offspring. (inverse.com)
  • This is currently achieved by three methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cell fusion and direct reprogramming by defined transcription factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
  • Last week's newspapers carried the news of what was widely described as a significant "breakthrough" in stem cell science: the first successful human use of a technology known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (also referred to as SCNT). (intlstemcell.com)
  • The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)
  • The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique being discussed in the story is the same process that made Dolly the sheep. (humanize.today)
  • Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience announced in a Jan. 24 article for the journal Cell that they produced two genetically-identical long-tailed macaque monkeys using a scientific technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • Adding to the immorality, these clones would presumably be gestated in artificial wombs - which would require repeated experimentation on living human embryos and fetuses to perfect. (humanize.today)
  • Although Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two genetically identical long-tailed macaques, are not the world's first cloned monkeys, they are the first to be born using SCNT. (bioedge.org)
  • For one thing, the team used the cloned monkeys' resulting psychiatric disorders - including "behaviors resembling anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia" - as signs that they had performed the experiment successfully. (inverse.com)
  • Bioethicist Carolyn Neuhaus from The Hastings Center told Gizmodo that the research raises a lot of questions, including the fundamental concern that this gene deletion might not actually produce the same effects in humans as it did in the monkeys. (inverse.com)
  • The researchers are undeterred, as the benefits of the cloned monkeys could be significant for drug research. (inverse.com)
  • After all, large groups of cloned animals would help eliminate some of the variation that occurs in animal trials, since all of the monkeys would be expected to respond to a drug in the exact same way. (inverse.com)
  • But they warned that two monkeys engineered by Chinese researchers must not become a step toward cloning humans. (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four embryonic stem cell lines from human fetal somatic cells were derived from those blastocysts. (wikipedia.org)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • But they showed, for the first time, that it is possible to create cloned embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the person from whom they are derived. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The cloning breakthrough is instead being spun as skin cells into stem cells! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Given the promise of stem cell research for treating and perhaps curing a variety of debilitating diseases, our committee felt strongly that research not be limited, but include work on both human adult and embryonic stem cells," stated committee chair Bert Vogelstein , professor of oncology and pathology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in. (the-scientist.com)
  • The revelation has destroyed the best evidence so far that stem cells can be extracted from a clone matched to a specific patient. (nature.com)
  • The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • The human body is made up of about 220 different kinds of specialized cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, fat cells and skin cells. (benthamscience.com)
  • Thus, while we hear much about helping the infertile and trying to obtain stem cells from cloned embryos for use in medical treatments, I am convinced if we found non-cloning sources for both objectives, many biotechnologists would just shrug and keep on cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital say they have extracted stem cells from human ovaries and made them generate egg cells. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
  • But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
  • In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
  • Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
  • The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
  • One aspect to this project will be to source oocytes, or immature egg cells to generate SCNT embryos from which embryonic stem cells are harvested. (medicalxpress.com)
  • This project will allow him to create human iPS cells in Australia for the first time. (medicalxpress.com)
  • On paper, iPS cells appear to be a preferable alternative to working with human embryonic stem cells, but it's too early to make this assumption. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Once our team produces the iPS cells, we will compare the properties of iPS versus cells developed through SCNT. (medicalxpress.com)
  • A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
  • Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
  • In the normal course of gestation, these cells will divide and split off from one another to become every cell in the human body, forming the various organs and tissues. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
  • Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
  • The first government-approved human trial using cells derived from embryonic stem cells has begun, it was announced Oct. 11. (ecamrl.org)
  • The trial, which is the first known use of such cells in a human being, is primarily intended to determine whether it is safe for spinal cord patients or whether they can tolerate it. (ecamrl.org)
  • Embryonic stem cell research ( ESCR ) is highly controversial, primarily because extraction of such cells results in the destruction of days-old human embryos. (ecamrl.org)
  • Meanwhile, human trials with adult stem cells not only are safe for the donor and recipient but have produced treatments for more than 70 ailments in human beings. (ecamrl.org)
  • SCNT and experiments involving fusions between PSCs and somatic cells (Figure 1 (g)) demonstrate that factors present in the egg and in PSCs have the ability to reset somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state 7. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • I am talking about human stem cells derived from a process called, "Parthenogenesis", developed and first announced in 2007 by a company called International Stem Cell Corporation, whose discoveries were first published in the peer reviewed journal, Cloning and Stem Cells, edited by the scientist who first created "Dolly", the first cloned animal. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Like embryonic stem cells and SCNT cells, these cells can be converted into almost any cell in the human body and thus have enormous potential for human therapy. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Unlike embryonic stem cells, the human eggs used to create parthenogenetic stem cells are never fertilized and cannot become a human being. (intlstemcell.com)
  • The cell lines that are produced from this method, unlike cell lines from embryonic stem cells or from SCNT, can potentially be matched to millions of people in the same way that an organ transplant is matched between donor and patient. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Early human trials showed that adult stem cells from olfactory tissues restored feeling to patients paralyzed with spinal-cord injury. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • For this cloning to be realized, stem cells must be used. (premiumessays.net)
  • Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
  • The Human Fertilisation and Embryology authority in the UK have approved research using embryos created by mixing human and animal cells. (creationfactfile.com)
  • The reason for wanting to use animal cells for this research is that there are not enough human eggs available for the research. (creationfactfile.com)
  • To try to mix human and animal cells is denying that humans are unique creations and flying in the face of the God who made them. (creationfactfile.com)
  • In this study, we identified a transcript variant of EZH2 in porcine fetal tissues by cloning and sequencing. (hindawi.com)
  • Exactly one year ago, the same researchers announced that they'd successfully cloned two macaques , named Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong. (inverse.com)
  • Conversely, you and I are on an unstoppable trajectory of growing and decaying that is a hallmark of later fetal and born human life. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
  • Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
  • Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • One of the most famous cloning experiments was the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1996. (scinotions.com)
  • In January 2008, Dr. Andrew French and Samuel Wood of the biotechnology company Stemagen announced that they successfully created the first five mature human embryos using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. What types of animals have been successfully cloned? (scienceteacherprogram.org)
  • It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)
  • The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
  • And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
  • ESCR also has been plagued by tumors in lab animals, thereby making its safety for use in human beings highly questionable. (ecamrl.org)
  • Human cloning would create human beings asexually, meaning cloning for body parts would be to create slaves and treat them merely as harvestable crops. (humanize.today)
  • I Corinthians 15:39) Paul's basis for this statement is that all the different kinds of animals were made as separate creations and human beings are unique creations made in the image of God. (creationfactfile.com)
  • The researchers stopped well short of creating a human clone. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Researchers have determined that several steps in the protocol were critical for human cellular reprogramming. (news-medical.net)
  • In the case of Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong, researchers used modern technology developed only in the last couple of years to enhance the technique used to clone Dolly, which is called somatic cell transfer, or SCNT. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • Researchers from the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow State University, and their colleagues have produced the first viable cloned calf in Russia - and she recently turned one. (isaaa.org)
  • Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
  • This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
  • British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • These ethical concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
  • Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
  • The birth of these clones also brings up ethical issues. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
  • However, it's important to note that cloning is still a relatively new technology and has many limitations and ethical concerns that need to be addressed before it can be used widely. (scinotions.com)
  • told Baptist Press, "even a quiet inference fortified by this experiment that human life is merely the result of cellular manipulation brings our culture ever closer to the slippery slope of crucial ethical and eugenic dilemmas. (christian-heritage-news.com)
  • The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
  • He strived to create modified sheep that would produce milk with proteins that could treat human diseases. (yahoo.com)
  • Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
  • His team spliced the host's genes with a human gene to create a sheep that would produce a protein missing from people with hemophilia. (yahoo.com)
  • He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • This is essentially a variation on a process that was used some years ago to create a cloned sheep named Dolly. (intlstemcell.com)
  • The first hybrid human clone was created in November 1998, by Advanced Cell Technology. (wikipedia.org)
  • article: Now, he's done it again by signing up as a co-sponsor (along with Senators Orin Hatch and Dianne Feinstein) of what could be called the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimization Act of 2003 (S. 303) . (lifeissues.net)
  • The cloning "bans" being supported in his article could likewise be called "the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimazation Acts of 2003" (e.g. (lifeissues.net)
  • from nationalreview.com Let's call it "stealth human-cloning legalization. (cbc-network.org)
  • article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)
  • Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
  • your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
  • Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
  • Thus, if the bills become law, only the implantation of cloned embryos would be barred from being federally funded, rather than actual cloning. (ecamrl.org)
  • They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • Professor Tuch's team will also use their proficiencies in characterising human embryonic stem cell lines and bioinformatics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The genetically modified egg now has 46 chromosomes, the full human compliment. (cbc-network.org)
  • Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
  • In this lesson, students act as research scientist and investigate the development of animal and human cloning. (scienceteacherprogram.org)
  • Explain to students that they will be acting as teams of research scientist preparing for a symposium on developments in human cloning. (scienceteacherprogram.org)
  • It remains a big problem for the cloning technology," an anonymous Shanghai-based life scientist who was not involved in the story told South China Morning Post . (inverse.com)
  • I'm a data scientist with experience in healthcare and human subject research. (astralcodexten.com)
  • A few years ago, in an article in the The Times of London newspaper, the author, Michael Gove, made the following statement: "Embryonic stem-cell experimentation involves not just the destruction of human life but the creation of life with the specific intent to destroy it. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • Second, Michael Gove holds that embryonic experimentation represents the destruction of human life. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
  • However, human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research is unethical since it results in the destruction of human life for research purposes . (goodmancoaching.nl)
  • Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. (wikipedia.org)
  • A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)
  • The authors of this experiment say they will continue working to improve the SCNT approach. (cmaaa.co.za)
  • In a related experiment, the research team was able to knock out the genes responsible for beta-lactoglobulin, a protein causing milk allergy in humans, in the hopes of creating gene-edited cows with hypoallergenic milk. (isaaa.org)
  • 2. What are some of the diseases hat human gene therapy might cure? (scienceteacherprogram.org)
  • While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
  • Australia is already a global leader in overall stem cell research and this new and clear regulatory framework gives us an opportunity to extend our leadership into SCNT which could transform how we treat diabetes, heart diseases and Parkinson's," Mr Jennings said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In the paper, they explain that the ability to produce gene-edited clones will help them study diseases related to disrupted circadian rhythm , including Alzheimer's disease, depression, and other sleep problems. (inverse.com)
  • As such, we predict that nothing will come of it that is any use for curing human diseases, and it is unethical to give suffering people false hope. (creationfactfile.com)
  • More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
  • The objective reality is that hundreds of thousands of SCNT attempts were unsuccessful (without a global statistics for all of them). (sibi.org)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
  • It has not yet been " ensouled " - and so is not yet a " person " - i.e., a human subject to be protected from abuse in experimentation. (lifeissues.net)
  • Soon after this groundbreaking discovery iPSCs were generated from human fibroblasts using the same 9-11 or a slightly different combination of reprogramming factors (OCT4 SOX2 NANOG and LIN28)12. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Despite the technological advances in SCNT during the last decade, and its scientific and medical importance, the molecular processes involved in nuclear reprogramming remain largely unknown and the overall efficiency of SCNT in mammals remains very low. (sibi.org)
  • But after greater than a decade following the cloning of Dolly, the chances of success have barely improved. (sgchinchillas.com)
  • A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
  • Railing against the president and supporters of his policy as "anti-science," ESCR/SCNT advocates accused Bush of denying sick people needed medical breakthroughs. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Perhaps the first step will be the production of a clone from a single fertilized egg, as in Brave New World. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning: Do we even need eggs? (nature.com)
  • Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
  • But human eggs outside the body are few and far between. (cbc-network.org)
  • The technology known as "Parthenogenesis" begins with human eggs that are created and used every day throughout the world for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). (intlstemcell.com)
  • The first successful SCNT monkey clones immediately sparked interest in in the dream of human cloning. (bioedge.org)
  • However, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is ethically and politically controversial because it involves the destruction of human embryos . (goodmancoaching.nl)
  • Not only has the National Institutes of Health put more than $150 million in recent years into human ESCR (about $40 annually), but according to a recent report put out by the Rockefeller Institute, to date about $1.7 billion has poured into ESCR and SCNT from philanthropic sources-and this doesn't include the hundreds of millions granted annually by the states for cloning and ESCR experiments. (lifelegaldefensefoundation.org)
  • Are there any successful experiments in cloning so far? (scinotions.com)
  • Other notable cloning experiments include the cloning of a cat named CC (Carbon Copy) in 2001, the cloning of a mule named Idaho Gem in 2003, and the cloning of a dog named Snuppy in 2005. (scinotions.com)
  • There have been no successful human cloning experiments, and human cloning is currently illegal in most countries. (scinotions.com)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)