OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesNamed GroupsHealth Care
Retroviridae InfectionsRetroviridaeRetroviridae ProteinsSpumavirusTerminal Repeat SequencesRetroelementsRetroviridae Proteins, OncogenicSimian immunodeficiency virusHTLV-II InfectionsDigestive System and Oral Physiological PhenomenaAnimal TechniciansHuman T-lymphotropic virus 2Medical Laboratory PersonnelHTLV-I Infections
Opportunistic infectionsVirusesProteinsPrimatesGenusRetrovirusAcquired ImmunodeRetrovirusesNucleic AcidAIDSFamilyBacterialSequencesDiseasesPrevalenceCausativeSexually transmitteGenomeLatentPrimateGeneticEndogenousPolymeraseHTLVPersistentInfectsVectors2021Retroviral infectionImmunityClinicalActive viralLymphadenopathy assocChronicIntegrationImmunePathogenSimianPneumoniaLymphocytesOccurrences
Opportunistic infections8
  • The clinical course of this infection in monkeys, like that of AIDS in humans, is complicated by various opportunistic infections (7). (cdc.gov)
  • 200 cells/mm3) for the organism to stop any other opportunistic infections (HIVinfo.nih.gov, 2021). (assignology.com)
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (ouhsc.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Estimation of the prevalence of AIDS, opportunistic infections, and standard of care among patients with HIV/AIDS receiving care along the U.S.-Mexico border through the Special Projects of National Significance: a cross-sectional study. (ouhsc.edu)
  • There are opportunistic infections, lymphoid depletion and miscellaneous disorders including neurologic, renal, immunologic and neoplastic disease. (gribblesvets.com.au)
Viruses6
  • Investigations into the use of baboons as organ donors for human transplant recipients, a procedure called xenotransplantation, have raised the specter of transmitting baboon viruses to humans and possibly establishing new human infectious diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Computational and serologic analysis of novel and known viruses in species human adenovirus D in which serology and genomics do not correlate. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Human immunodeficiency viruses. (academicinfluence.com)
  • The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV interact with similar epitopes on their cellular receptor, the CD4 molecule. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Although the past decade has seen significant improvement in the field of immunology, pharmacology and microbiology, millions of people continue to be diagnosed with, treated for, suffer, and die every year from viral infections, especially due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, influenza viruses and herpes simplex virus (HSV), both type-1 and type-2. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. (wikidoc.org)
Proteins4
  • Special emphasis is directed towards recent literature on the mechanisms of action of these two proteins and the roles of Tax and HBZ in influencing the outcomes of HTLV-1 infection including senescence induction, viral latency and persistence, genome instability, cell proliferation, and ATL development. (nih.gov)
  • Proteins from the family Retroviridae . (lookformedical.com)
  • Here we briefly discuss the various receptors, proteins and organelles involved in viral infection, while highlighting those that have been used for the design of aptamers. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a member of the genus Gamma retrovirus in the family of Retroviridae [ 1 ] and is classified into three subgroups according to differences in envelope proteins [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Primates2
  • Also, SIV is distinct from simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLY-I) which shares extensive genomic sequences with human T-lymphotropic virus type I and is associated with T-cell lymphomas in nonhuman primates (12). (cdc.gov)
  • Syncytin-1 also known as enverin is a protein found in humans and other primates that is encoded by the ERVW-1 gene ( endogenous retrovirus group W envelope member 1). (wikipedia.org)
Genus6
  • HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)
  • Genus of non-oncogenic retroviruses which establish persistent infections in many animal species but are considered non-pathogenic. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Human Immunodeficiency Virus are the two species of Lentivirus belonging to the family Retroviridae and Genus Lentivirus. (leverageedu.com)
  • The family Retroviridae includes the genus Lentivirus, which includes HIV, and this is how HIV is classified. (assignology.com)
  • HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family, the Lentivirus genus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the genus, Deltaretrovirus of the family, Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. (edu.vn)
Retrovirus6
  • HTLV-1 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1) is a complex human delta retrovirus that currently infects 10-20 million people worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • High copy number in human endogenous retrovirus families is associated with copying mechanisms in addition to reinfection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • With regard to humans, the best-known retrovirus is HIV . (hartmann-science-center.com)
  • HIV is a retrovirus of the Lentivirus subgroup of the Retroviridae family, has an icosahedral shape that infects humans. (amcrjournal.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a worldwide contagious bronchioalveolar carcinoma caused by infection of a beta retrovirus in sheep and less in goat. (ac.ir)
  • The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is thought to result from infection of T cells by a pathogenic human retrovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). (duke.edu)
Acquired Immunode4
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) belongs to the family Retroviridae (subfamily Lentivirinae) and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), the etiologic agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
  • The emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among human populations has been traced back to between the 1900s and early 1920s, but it was not until 1983 that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified as its cause. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae family, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans, a lethal disease that kills millions of people worldwide. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been widely discussed by generating a pandemic and a global public health problem, being difficult to control nowadays. (amcrjournal.com)
Retroviruses4
  • Retrospective analysis of tissues from two human transplant recipients with end-stage hepatic disease who died 70 and 27 days after the transplantation of baboon livers revealed the presence of two simian retroviruses of baboon origin, simian foamy virus (SFV) and baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), in multiple tissue compartments. (nih.gov)
  • There are at least 31 families of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), each derived from an independent infection by an exogenous virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although HTLV belongs to the primate Retroviridae Family and subfamily of Oncovirinae, unlike other retroviruses, HTLV-1 subtype infection has a latency period of about 20 years. (e-cep.org)
  • ERVs are unique in that they arise from germline infections by exogenous retroviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleic Acid1
  • If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies shows nonreactive or indeterminant results (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result. (medscape.com)
AIDS8
  • Therefore, SIV infection is an important animal model of AIDS. (cdc.gov)
  • The first patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were described in 1981, and two years later, the cause of the disease was identified - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (smj.rs)
  • The causative germ for AIDS attacks the immune system of the body and reduces the ability of the body to fight any type of infection. (leverageedu.com)
  • The causative agent of AIDS is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). (leverageedu.com)
  • Development of AIDS-related malignancies and infections after starting HAART]. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Programmed cell death in AIDS-related HIV and SIV infections. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with AIDS in West Africa. (academicinfluence.com)
  • HIV/AIDS infection, even today, constitutes a regional public health problem in Brazil. (amcrjournal.com)
Family1
Bacterial1
  • In addition, there is a high risk of contracting life-threatening conditions like lymphomas, as well as severe bacterial infections, and tuberculosis. (assignology.com)
Sequences2
  • With a view to human clinical application, tricistronic retroviral and adenovirus vectors co-expressing IL-12 (IL-12p40 plus IL-12p35) and CD80 were constructed by utilizing two internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequences to link the three cDNAs. (mcmaster.ca)
  • A murine stem cell virus (MSCV)-based retroviral vector (MSCV-hIL12.B7) utilized distinct IRES sequences from the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMCV), whereas Ad5-based adenovirus vectors contained transcriptional units with two EMCV IRES sequences under the control of murine (AdMh12.B7) or human (AdHh12.B7) cytomegalovirus promoters. (mcmaster.ca)
Diseases5
  • Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE . (lookformedical.com)
  • Although most HTLV-1-infected individuals are asymptomatic, fetal and childhood infections often result in several diseases with disappointing treatment outcomes. (e-cep.org)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • Viral diseases such as rabies , yellow fever and smallpox have affected humans for centuries. (wikidoc.org)
  • When the Black Death bubonic plague reached al-Andalus in the 14th century, Ibn Khatima discovered that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms which enter the human body. (wikidoc.org)
Prevalence3
  • The prevalence of SIV infection among many other nonhuman primate species is unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • INTRODUCTION: The present study had the objective to describe the molecular prevalence and epidemiological aspects of the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in the blood donor population of the Pará state. (bvsalud.org)
  • HIV-1 infection is emerging in Libya with a shifting prevalence of subtypes associated with the changing epidemiology of HIV-1 among risk groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Causative1
  • Life-threatening fungal infections in humans most often occur in immunocompromised patients or vulnerable people with a weakened immune system, although fungi are common problems in the immunocompetent population as the causative agents of skin, nail, or yeast infections. (nih.gov)
Sexually transmitte2
  • OBJECTIVE: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase mucosal HIV infection risk and have the potential to reduce preexposure prophylaxis efficacy. (cdc.gov)
  • Book a slot for HIV or Sexually Transmitted Infections. (leverageedu.com)
Genome3
  • Genome layout of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2. (medscape.com)
  • In the post-genome era, we increasingly rely on strong collaboration between basic and clinical scientists to develop novel approaches for treatment of human disease. (nih.gov)
  • The demonstration of the FIV proviral DNA sequence in the host genome is consistent with FIV infection. (gribblesvets.com.au)
Latent1
  • The presence of baboon mitochondrial DNA was also detected in these same tissues, suggesting that xenogeneic "passenger leukocytes" harboring latent or active viral infections had migrated from the xenografts to distant sites within the human recipients. (nih.gov)
Primate3
  • In rhesus monkeys and other susceptible nonhuman primate species (e.g. pig-tailed macaque, crab-eating macaque), SIV infection leads to a chronic wasting disease syndrome with depletion of CD4 (T4) lymphocytes and lymphadenopathy. (cdc.gov)
  • HuT 78, HT, CEMx174) and in primary human and nonhuman primate peripheral blood leukocyte cultures (13). (cdc.gov)
  • The gene encoding this protein is an endogenous retroviral element that is the remnant of an ancient retroviral infection integrated into the primate germ line. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic3
  • Genetic variations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can affect diagnostic assays and therapeutic interventions. (nih.gov)
  • Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. (mdpi.com)
  • A genetic analysis of HIV-1 strains demonstrated low subtype heterogeneity with the evolution of subtype B, and CRF_20 AG, as well as HIV-1 subtype A. Our study highlights the importance of expanded surveillance programs to control HIV infection and the necessity of introducing public health strategies to target the risk groups, particularly IVDUs. (biomedcentral.com)
Endogenous1
  • An endogenous GAMMARETROVIRUS from the germ line of mice but isolated from humans. (nih.gov)
Polymerase1
  • Efficient retroviral infection of mammalian cells is blocked by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. (ox.ac.uk)
HTLV8
  • While HTLV-1 infection is generally asymptomatic, 3%-5% of infected individuals develop a highly malignant and intractable T-cell neoplasm known as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) decades after infection. (nih.gov)
  • How HTLV-1 infection progresses to ATL is not well understood. (nih.gov)
  • Attempts are made to integrate results from cell-based studies of HTLV-1 infection and studies of HTLV-1 proviral integration site preference, clonality, and clonal expansion based on high throughput DNA sequencing. (nih.gov)
  • Interest is increasing in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) transmission due to its adverse health impacts. (e-cep.org)
  • These findings have important implications in defining the epidemiological patterns of HTLV-1 infection in Nigeria. (e-cep.org)
  • The peripartum period is an important transmission time for human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, mainly via breastfeeding and partly through the placental tissues of carrier mothers. (e-cep.org)
  • Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and its subtypes were estimated to have infected 5-10 million people worldwide [ 1 - 3 ]. (e-cep.org)
  • 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine also completely blocks viral replication as assessed by reverse transcriptase production in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to HTLV-IIIB. (duke.edu)
Persistent1
  • 14) A persistent infection is one in which A) the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease. (studymoose.com)
Infects1
  • FeLV enters the body through oral or intranasal infection with virus particles contained in the saliva of FeLV-infected cats and mainly infects lymphocytes in the blood. (biomedcentral.com)
Vectors1
  • In the present work, we examine the possible involvement of PARP in the retroviral life cycle and demonstrate that inhibition of PARP activity, by any one of three independent mechanisms, blocks the infection of mammalian cells by recombinant retroviral vectors. (ox.ac.uk)
20211
  • 2021). However, normal daily interactions like kissing, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing personal items, food, or water do not cause an infection in a person (Fauci et al. (assignology.com)
Retroviral infection1
  • Therefore, efficient retroviral infection of mammalian cells is blocked by inhibition or PARP activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Immunity2
  • Because a live, attenuated vaccine is the closest thing to a natural infection, these vaccines are good "teachers" of the immune system: They elicit strong cellular and antibody responses and often confer lifelong immunity with only one or two doses. (easynotecards.com)
  • Vaccines that produce lifelong immunity can prevent viral infections. (wikidoc.org)
Clinical3
  • The decision on therapy, as well as the time and mode of delivery, should be individual, and made in accordance with the viral load, the clinical presentation of HIV infection of the mother, and the condition of the fetus. (smj.rs)
  • The epidemiological and clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes are of great interest worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The epidemiological and clinical features of HIV infection have changed considerably in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
Active viral1
  • Conclusion: The analysis does not point to the presence of an active viral infection in vascular anomalies. (iiarjournals.org)
Lymphadenopathy assoc1
  • Scholars@Duke publication: 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. (duke.edu)
Chronic1
  • The disease progresses in three stages: acute HIV infection transitions into chronic and ultimately manifests as ADIS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome (World Health Organization, 2022). (assignology.com)
Integration1
  • In the case of syncytin-1 (which is found in humans, apes, and Old World but not New World monkeys ), this integration likely occurred more than 25 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)
Immune7
  • Increases in infection-related cancers which would suggest diminished immune surveil ance. (nih.gov)
  • HIV Virus is a deadly virus that attacks the body's immune system and destroys the defence system's ability to fight back any infection. (leverageedu.com)
  • The virus multiplies and attacks the immune system of the body and deteriorates the ability of the body to fight against infection. (leverageedu.com)
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the human immune system and erodes resistance to a variety of illnesses and cancers that healthy immune systems are better able to combat. (assignology.com)
  • E) The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages. (studymoose.com)
  • If the host's immune response is inadequate, the virus persists in the body (focal infection). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral infections in human and animal hosts usually result in an immune response and disease . (wikidoc.org)
Pathogen1
  • The A-to-Z database provides information on each pathogen, the most common infections that it triggers, its main transmission paths and recommendations on disinfection. (hartmann-science-center.com)
Simian1
  • We sought to evaluate preclinically the protective efficacy of passive bNAb immunization against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in the context of concurrent vaginal STIs. (cdc.gov)
Pneumonia1
  • Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance has been reported for key antibiotic and antiviral treatments used for various commonly occurring conditions including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, HIV and malaria. (who.int)
Lymphocytes1
  • The infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocytes) are attacked by the virus and destroyed. (assignology.com)
Occurrences1
  • This page examines the past occurrences of viral infections, including facts, figures, and dates as well as highlighting key government actions done by various nations to contain and lessen the effects of these outbreaks. (utkarshbitla.com)