Human reproductive cloning. Medical search. Frequent questions

other laboratories can make only cloned blastocysts (early-stage embryos), but not full-term offspring. (bbc.co.uk)
Dr Robl, president of Hematech, based in South Dakota, said: "We [Hematech] do cloning on a very large scale: last year, we transferred 4,000 cloned embryos. (bbc.co.uk)
fies the destruction of some human embryos. (usccb.org)
First, if a ban only on reproductive cloning were adopted, enforcement would require the legally mandated destruction of human embryos created via cloning. (cbhd.org)
That is, if it were legal to create clonal embryos for 'therapeutic'--but not for reproductive--purposes, the demise of these embryos would be required in order to prevent the illegal practice of reproductive cloning from occurring. (cbhd.org)
Indeed, if clonal human embryos were created in the laboratory for 'therapeutic' purposes, the mandate that they not be implanted or otherwise allowed to progress toward birth would prove very difficult to defend. (cbhd.org)
and secondly, "embryonic" stem cells, which are obtained by the disaggregation of human embryos. (lifeissues.net)
The Holy See opposes the cloning of human embryos for the purpose of destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, even for a noble purpose, because it is inconsistent with the ground and motive of human biomedical research, that is, respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
8 Technical problems aside, the need to extract these cells from living human embryos raises ethical questions of the highest order. (lifeissues.net)
However, the use of cloned embryonic stem cells entails a high risk of introducing cells from abnormal embryos into patients. (lifeissues.net)
It has been well established that most of the non-human embryos produced through nuclear transfer cloning are abnormal, with a deficiency in several of the genes (imprinted and non imprinted) necessary to the development of the early embryo. (lifeissues.net)
From a biological standpoint, bringing cloned human embryos to birth would be dangerous for the human species. (lifeissues.net)
In fact, therapeutic cloning is a highly pro -life technology, since cloned embryos can be used to extract medically potent embryonic stem cells. (capitalismmagazine.com)
These embryos are not human beings, but microscopic bits of protoplasm the width of a human hair. (capitalismmagazine.com)
Not only babies who would grow into adult clones, but also cloning of embryos for stem cell research. (sjgames.com)
Along the way we must reduce the emotional valence of phrases such as "therapeutic cloning" and "destruction of embryos. (jci.org)
Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
Laboratory experiments in in vitro fertilization of human eggs led in 1993 to the "cloning" of human embryos by dividing such fertilized eggs at a very early stage of development, but this technique actually produces a twin rather than a clone. (infoplease.com)
South Korean scientists announced in 2004 that they had cloned 30 human embryos, but an investigation in 2005 determined that the data had been fabricated. (infoplease.com)
In vitro fertilization (IVF), the process whereby human eggs are fertilized outside of the body and the resulting embryos implanted in a woman's womb, led to the 1978 birth of Louise Brown-the world's first 'test tube baby. (scientificamerican.com)
The aim of this kind of work - the subject of fierce debate - is to make cloned embryos from which stem cells can be used to treat diseases. (impactlab.com)
Reproductive cloning - the cloning of human embryos with the intention of creating a baby - was made illegal in 2001. (impactlab.com)
Dr. Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues, the only researchers in the world to convince the scientific community that they had cloned human embryos and derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from them, are now seen as having perpetrated a massive deception. (thenewatlantis.com)
After eight years of effort around the world to clone human embryos, no one has reliably done so. (thenewatlantis.com)
This is at least the third time in eight years that we have heard announcements of success in cloning human embryos for their stem cells, only to find that the claim has little basis in fact. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some studies published by Advanced Cell Technology and others have been touted as showing benefits from stem cells harvested from cloned animal embryos - but in each case, the study had to achieve its therapeutic goal by implanting the embryo in an animal's uterus and growing it to the fetal stage, then killing the fetus for more developed fetal stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
It may be that "therapeutic cloning" cannot be made to work without conducting the "reproductive cloning" that almost everyone condemns - placing embryos in women's wombs, in this case in order to abort them later for their more developed tissues. (thenewatlantis.com)
Both lines of research rely on the use of human embryos in the very early stages of development, which has led to the intense, ongoing debate on the moral status of human embryos. (actionlife.org)
It commodifies human embryos and shows disrespect for the transmission of human life. (actionlife.org)
The new reproductive technologies and cloning show a profound disregard for the dignity of human life.The technology relies on the manipulation and destruction of multiple embryos. (actionlife.org)
Proponents of cloning assert that cells cloned from embryos may be able to provide knowledge of or treatment for diseases such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes. (beliefnet.com)
The press release is addressed to several "working groups" and committees within the CIRM concerned with determining what "standards" will be put in place and used to guide and regulate their decisions about the use of human embryonic stem cells (which include those derived from cloned human embryos! (lifeissues.net)
But the development of such technologies as intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos and (someday) human reproductive cloning have created the potential for an entirely different set of legal issues. (flprobatelitigation.com)

On 14 January 2001, the British government passed The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 to amend the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 by extending allowable reasons for embryo research to permit research around stem cells and cell nuclear replacement, thus allowing therapeutic cloning. (wikipedia.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
The tricky bit lies in getting the donor cell, say the skin cell, to "forget" that it is a skin cell, and to begin behaving like a stem cell - a cell that can transform into any other cell in the body - so it can go on to make a cloned embryo. (bbc.co.uk)
However, the clone and kill process condemned by pro-life groups is allowed and the human embryo must be destroyed in 14 days, according to a law passed 2Sept. (physiciansforlife.org)
Though both seek a ban on what is being called 'reproductive' cloning--in which a clonal human embryo is implanted in a woman with the intent that a cloned human being will be born--they differ dramatically with respect to what is being termed 'therapeutic' cloning. (cbhd.org)
This latter type of cloning involves the creation and subsequent destruction of a clonal human embryo for the purposes of scientific or medical research. (cbhd.org)
In a huge breakthrough for medical progress, scientists from South Korea have finally created a cloned human embryo and extracted its stem cells-a feat that makes life-saving embryonic stem-cell treatments that much closer to reality. (capitalismmagazine.com)
A cloned embryo is created by inserting the nucleus of a human body cell into a denucleated egg, which is then induced to divide until it reaches the embryo stage. (capitalismmagazine.com)
The embryonic stem cells extracted from a cloned embryo can become any other type of human cell. (capitalismmagazine.com)
When an embryo like this is implanted into a uterus, as with Dolly, the process is called reproductive cloning. (nih.gov)
In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
the technique used to create the embryo, however, would not result in a viable human clone. (infoplease.com)
British scientists say they have cloned the country's first human embryo. (impactlab.com)
Although ACT's researchers only managed to bring one cloned embryo to the six-cell stage - and whether they created an embryo at all remains uncertain - they were certainly not able to obtain any stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
Opponents of the research say the human embryo has the same moral status as any human person. (actionlife.org)
The human embryo at the very beginning of development is called a "pre-embryo" or referred to as "human embryonic stem cells. (actionlife.org)
Weissman's "science" is mind bogglingly absurd [see Irving, "What Human Embryo? (lifeissues.net)
We also encourage research into epigenetic mechanisms critical to reproduction, especially areas such as the establishment and maintenance of methylation patterns or imprinted loci in the early embryo, the timing, mechanisms and role of genomic methylation in gametogenesis, the effects of assisted reproductive therapy (ART) on imprinting and genomic methylation, and the reproductive determinants and consequences of X-chromosome inactivation. (nih.gov)
Even with the approved cell lines, certain uses of ES cells are not allowed: Human pluripotent stem cells may not be used to create or contribute to a human embryo. (nih.gov)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
Dr Teruhiko Wakayama, of the Center for Developmental Biology in Riken, Japan, was part of the team that created the first cloned mouse, Cumulin, born in 1997. (bbc.co.uk)
In 1997 Dolly the Sheep was the first mammal ever to be cloned. (cbhd.org)
Researchers have been hoping to harness the therapeutic potential of cloning ever since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. (nih.gov)
See G. Kolata, Clone (1997). (infoplease.com)
Below is the transcript of your testimony before the Morella's Science Committtee hearing on March 5, 1997, called "Biotechnology and the Ethics of Cloning: How Far Should We Go? (nih.gov)

That is how the first cloned sheep, named "Dolly", was created [3]. (who.int)
The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly. (nih.gov)
It turns out that somatic cell nuclear transfer - the process used to create Dolly and her cloned peers - is just not that efficient. (bbc.co.uk)
The last edition of Bio-Tech had to be hastily rewritten to include information about Dolly the sheep, who was cloned from another sheep as the manuscript was being finalized. (sjgames.com)
The birth of Dolly the cloned sheep is a good illustration of this. (nuffieldbioethics.org)

The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
When hearing this word, many people conjure up horrific images of the mass production of human beings for various nefarious purposes and scary, Frankenstein-like scenarios of science run amok. (medscape.com)
Second, cloning would undermine the value or worth of human beings. (nih.gov)
Ethics, where we will be concerned with whether there really is such a thing as right or wrong, and if so, what makes something right or wrong: and finally, in the last section of the course, we will examine whether it makes sense to think that human beings have Free Will if their behavior I a part of the natural, causal order. (wisc.edu)
Since that time, the discussion has turned towards the possibilities of cloning human beings either for research ("therapeutic") or reproductive purposes, and even as a potential means for organ farming. (cbhd.org)
4 While most U.S. citizens support a ban on the reproductive cloning of human beings, they may or may not support a ban on 'therapeutic' cloning. (cbhd.org)
Therefore, the birth of clonal human beings--the very thing such a ban would intend to prohibit--would likely result. (cbhd.org)
However, the Holy See applauds and encourages research using adult stem cells, because it is completely compatible with respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
Moreover, a non-human primate model of cloning, which would be necessary in order to conduct experiments to establish safety before attempting therapeutic experiments in human beings, has yet to be developed. (lifeissues.net)
President Bush calls it "growing human beings for spare body parts. (capitalismmagazine.com)
They have the potential to grow into human beings, but actual human beings are the ones dying for lack of this technology. (capitalismmagazine.com)
These developments give human beings the possibility of changing things that were previously beyond their control. (nuffieldbioethics.org)
The New Atlantis is building a culture in which science and technology work for, not on, human beings. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning modifies the very nature of human beings and undermines the meaning of life itself. (actionlife.org)
These new interventions reduce human beings to laboratory objects to be manipulated and then discarded. (actionlife.org)
If the teaching of the Enlightenment was correct -- if you removed poverty and superstition, you would give people the opportunity to be moral human beings. (beliefnet.com)
But where human beings lack art, religion, self-government. (beliefnet.com)

Some people may misguidedly use cloning to try to bring back a lost child or a loved one, not realizing that personal identity is not reducible to genetic identity. (nickbostrom.com)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. (nih.gov)
The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. (nih.gov)
Reproductive cloning, genetic engineering and the autonomy of the child: the moral agent and the open future. (nih.gov)
Professor Keith Campbell, one of Dolly's creators, now based at Nottingham University, said: "The idea would be to use cloning to introduce beneficial genetic changes into animals or to reproduce superior genetic animals to breed back into the population. (bbc.co.uk)
Human cloning is the creation of a human being whose genetic make-up is nearly identical 1 to that of a currently or previously existing individual. (cbhd.org)
The transfer of such cloned embryonic stem cells into a patient would be therefore extremely hazardous: these cells might provoke genetic disorders, or initiate leukemias or other cancers. (lifeissues.net)
This asexual form of reproduction would bypass the usual "shuffling" of genes that makes every individual unique in his or her genome and would arbitrarily fix the genotype in one particular configuration, 12 with predictable negative genetic consequences for the human gene pool. (lifeissues.net)
Cloning could also provide a child for couples who are infertile or genetic disorders. (exampleessays.com)
If a clone were used as an organ donor it would negate the chance of the recipients immune system rejecting the organ, because it is a genetic match. (exampleessays.com)
Once it becomes safe, reproductive cloning will have legitimate uses for infertile couples and for preventing the transmission of genetic diseases. (capitalismmagazine.com)
At stake with reproductive cloning is not only whether you can conceive a child who shares your genetic makeup, but whether you have the right to improve the genetic makeup of your children: to prevent them from getting genetic diseases, to prolong their lifespan or to improve their physical appearance. (capitalismmagazine.com)
But the governments who fight human genetic engineering allow corporations to develop and patent techniques applied to crops, livestock, and disease control. (sjgames.com)
IVF, genetic modification of crops and animals, reproductive cloning and xenotransplantation are examples of the actualities and possibilities with which bioethics must grapple. (nuffieldbioethics.org)
Because humans are not simply genetic robots, CRISPR probably can't do more than cure certain rare diseases. (bostonreview.net)
Therapeutic cloning opens up the possibility of genetic enhancement and dis-enhancement-gene-rich people and gene-poor people. (actionlife.org)
The purpose of reissuing the Reproductive Genetics PA is to indicate our continued desire to support new studies on the genes, and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing sex determination, fertility, reproductive health and reproductive aging, and other topics in Reproductive Genetics and Epigenetics. (nih.gov)
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Background With the completion of the human genome project, the focus of genetic research must shift to functional genomics. (nih.gov)
Studies on the genetic epidemiology of reproductive disorders might begin with the collection of large numbers of affected patients and their relatives for linkage analysis, association studies or quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. (nih.gov)
In vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal fetal screening, gene replacement, genome editing and reproductive cloning will require us to address what it means to be a "normal" human. (nih.gov)
The second application is in the area of what I would call non- traditional husbandry, husbandry in which the animals that are being used have been modified by genetic technology that Mr. Brown referred to in ways that allow the production of medically useful products or organs that might be suitable for human transplantation. (nih.gov)

When it comes to human embryonic stem cell research, we're stuck in the freezer. (medscape.com)
One serious hurdle confronting embryonic stem cell research proponents is the injection of the word "cloning" into the debate. (medscape.com)
She has been writing and speaking about Catholicism and biotechnology for five years and has been interviewed on EWTN radio on topics from stem cell research and cloning to voting pro-life. (lifenews.com)
Ethical issues specific to human cloning include: the safety and efficacy of the procedure, cloning for destructive embryonic stem cell research, the effects of reproductive cloning on the child/parent relationship, and the commodification of human life as a research product. (cbhd.org)
Recent developments in animal cloning coupled with advances in human embryonic stem cell research have heightened the need for legislation on this issue. (cbhd.org)
A critical look at the benefits of cloning and stem cell research. (academon.com)
Voted YES on allowing human embryonic stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
To provide for human embryonic stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
Despite this apparent setback, the field of embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning remains incredibly promising as demonstrated by some of our nation's leading scientists," says Daniel Perry, president of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research. (thenewatlantis.com)
And both his scholarship and professorial skills will be called upon as he leads the bioethics council -- established to advise Bush on contentious issues like cloning and stem cell research. (beliefnet.com)
CIRM is going to use the "guidelines" recently concocted by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to direct and regulate human embryonic stem cell research in the State of California? (lifeissues.net)
Yet as chairman of two influential NAS committees (on human cloning, and on human embryonic stem cell research) he managed to buffalo its members into incorporating his junk science into their two NAS Reports. (lifeissues.net)
Then there was the original NAS Working Group formed to first consider "guidelines" for human embryonic stem cell research ( http://www4.nas.edu/webcr.nsf/MeetingDisplay7/BLSX-K-04-03-A?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=1 ), featuring not only Weissman and other scientists with vested interests in this research, but also some of the most trenchant Founders of bioethics - e.g. (lifeissues.net)

The National Academy of Sciences, while supporting (2001) such so-called therapeutic or research cloning, has opposed (2002) the cloning of humans for reproductive purposes, deeming it unsafe, but many ethicists, religious and political leaders, and others have called for banning human cloning for any purpose. (infoplease.com)

The concept of human cloning has long been in the imagination of many scientists, scholars and fiction writers [1]. (who.int)
Scientists work hard to differentiate between "reproductive cloning," which can involve making virtual copies of ourselves (or other animals) and "therapeutic cloning," the term currently used to describe cloning techniques used to develop stem cell lines for ameliorating disease. (medscape.com)
Eventually, scientists may prevail over language spinners, as they develop what The New England Journal of Medicine recently called "politically correct human embryonic stem cells. (medscape.com)
Scientists say that because fetal tissue cells can divide and grow more quickly than other types of cells, they are highly valuable for research , including studies investigating human development, treatment of spinal cord injuries and diseases that affect the brain. (livescience.com)
However, while the success rate for cloning remains low, this does not mean the technology has ground to a halt: scientists still see great scientific and commercial potential. (bbc.co.uk)
Some scientists are using this to create animals with organs that could be transplanted into humans. (bbc.co.uk)
An overwhelming majority of scientists, lawyers, health care professionals, ethicists and the general public has spoken out strongly against creating a human baby via what is being termed 'reproductive cloning. (cbhd.org)
6. Scientists, philosophers, politicians and humanists agree on the need for an international ban on reproductive cloning. (lifeissues.net)
Scientists have successfully changed skin cells into embryonic stem cells, marking the first time human stem cells were cloned by transferring the nucleus of another cell. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
But many scientists continued to believe in its core tenet: that social problems have fundamental biological underpinnings that can be eliminated through scientific control of human reproduction. (scientificamerican.com)
The truth surely lies somewhere between these extremes: the scandal implicates far more than a few Korean scientists, but it does not undermine science in general, unless one foolishly equates human cloning with all of science. (thenewatlantis.com)
NICHD encourages scientists interested in reproduction to lead the way in determining the genes and their mechanisms of action involved in the development of the gonads, reproductive ducts and genitalia, the processes of gametogenesis, normal and premature reproductive aging, and reproductive disorders such as infertility, cryptorchidism, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). (nih.gov)
On December 7, 30 days after the posting of the Registry, and withdrawal of the old ES cell guidance ( NIH Guidelines for Research Using Pluripotent Stem Cells as Applied to Human ES Cells ), scientists may transfer government funds to obtain the cells, bring them into NIH labs, and begin research on them. (nih.gov)

Those who support removing conscience protections now, may have cloning, cyborgs, genetically enhanced children and other morally repugnant technologies shoved down their throats in the future. (lifenews.com)
This respect demands that any research that is inconsistent with the dignity of the human being is morally excluded. (lifeissues.net)
Any attempt to ban human cloning technology should be rejected permanently, because cloning-therapeutic and reproductive-is morally good. (capitalismmagazine.com)
And we're back to not knowing if doing something ethically questionable, like cloning people, is morally permissible. (discovermagazine.com)

Many in the international scientific community believe that the promise of stem cell-based studies or therapies will be realized only if we can derive new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. (jci.org)
Besides, the South Korean researchers made clear that their ultimate goal was creating embryonic stem cell lines with their technology, not the production of a line of cloned dogs. (carnell.com)

This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
Indeed, even putting aside fundamental ethical considerations other than the patient's expectations, the present state of "therapeutic cloning" precludes, now and in the near future, any clinical application. (lifeissues.net)
The cloning revolution now leads us an ethical issue about human cloning. (exampleessays.com)
An in-depth analysis of the ethical dilemma of cloning humans and animals. (academon.com)
To alleviate ethical concerns over the research and make the technology more acceptable, cloning advocates have manipulated the language to try and overcome ethical difficulties. (actionlife.org)

Even so, suppose you were a slightly deformed human clone - would you agree that it was a terrible moral offense to have caused you to come into existence? (nickbostrom.com)
We all have a moral responsibility to recognize the clone for what she is - a unique human person, with just as much human dignity as those of us who were conceived in more traditional ways. (nickbostrom.com)
By the time the first human clone becomes an adult, the moral debates over cloning will probably be long forgotten. (nickbostrom.com)
Part of the answer lies in human moral psychology. (researchgate.net)
The disgust elicited by drinking reclaimed wastewater, for instance, differs from the moral outrage induced by human cloning. (nih.gov)
First, one basic moral issue: The cloning process often means operating on hundreds of animals to extract their eggs in order to try to produce an infant. (carnell.com)

A humble Finn Dorset sheep had turned on its head the widely held belief that mammalian cloning from adult cells was a scientific impossibility. (bbc.co.uk)
He said: "Mouse cloning is much more difficult than creating cow, sheep or pig clones. (bbc.co.uk)
If farmers could clone there best wool producing sheep, farmers could make better profits. (exampleessays.com)
Later experiments in cloning resulted in the development of a sheep from a cell of an adult ewe (in Scotland, in 1996), and since then rodents, cattle, swine, and other animals have also been cloned from adult animals. (infoplease.com)

Cloning in higher species involves somatic cell nuclear transfer, a process in which the nucleus of a somatic (non-germ) cell is taken out and inserted into an enucleated fertilized female germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
Cloning is also known as "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT), the technical process by which cloning is performed. (cbhd.org)
and may not be used in combination with somatic cell nuclear transfer for the purposes of reproductive cloning of a human. (nih.gov)

He says this is because each species has a different and specific nuclear transfer "recipe", or protocol, required for cloning success. (bbc.co.uk)
The technique that is used to clone the animals is called nuclear transfer and as it improves it could dramatically benefit the agricultural industry. (exampleessays.com)
Through nuclear transfer children who need an organ transplant could have a clone born to donate organs. (exampleessays.com)
While nuclear transfer breakthroughs often lead to a public discussion about the ethics of human cloning, this is not our focus, nor do we believe our findings might be used by others to advance the possibility of human reproductive cloning. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
An NAS panel opined last week that human reproductive cloning should be banned, but that cloning for medical research purposes \ euphemistically termed "creation of embryonic stems cells by nuclear transplantation" \ should be allowed . (lifeissues.net)

One of the greatest controversies triggered by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, particularly in genomics and biotechnology, has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
We must give health care providers the ability to listen to their conscience or we maybe forcing them to participate in cloning, enhancements, or whatever else biotechnology has in store. (lifenews.com)
Cloning is a dominant topic under the broader category of biotechnology. (cbhd.org)
This is Earth, how it might turn out if new breakthroughs in reproductive and therapeutic biotechnology are pushed underground by legal restrictions. (sjgames.com)
After giving this question a great deal of thought, I became convinced that the next great cycle of technology would be in the area of biotechnology, and particularly in those areas of biotechnology that dealt with the basics of human reproduction. (hbs.edu)

Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
In a true mammalian clone (as in Gurdon's frog clone) the nucleus from a body cell of an animal is inserted into an egg, which then develops into an individual that is genetically identical to the original animal. (infoplease.com)

Robin Lovell-Badge, head of developmental genetics at the MRC National Institute for Medical Research, said to The Guardian that research like this legitimizes the work of therapeutic cloning as a scientific tool instead of something to be feared. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
REPRODUCTIVE GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS RELEASE DATE: January 8, 2004 PA NUMBER: PA-04-049 March 2, 2006 (NOT-OD-06-046) - Effective with the June 1, 2006 submission date, all R03, R21, R33 and R34 applications must be submitted through Grants.gov using the electronic SF424 (R&R) application. (nih.gov)
Reproductive genetics is a broad research area, and the topics discussed and listed below are not meant to be exclusive areas of interest, but rather a sampling of the types of problems that this program announcement intends to address. (nih.gov)
Research Scope (1) The Genetics of Sex Determination Sex determination is the translation of the chromosomal sex (XX or XY) into the gender-appropriate internal and external reproductive structures. (nih.gov)

Human cloning] would be taking a major step into making man himself simply another one of the man-made things," says Leon Kass, chairman of the President's Council on Bioethics. (capitalismmagazine.com)

Although public opinion polls consistently show that most Americans support this emerging branch of science that could revolutionize the treatment of diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and a host of other degenerative diseases, President Bush continues to place severe restrictions on the human stem cell lines that federally funded researchers can investigate. (medscape.com)
Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body. (nih.gov)
Cloning could also help researchers cure any number of diseases. (exampleessays.com)
The researchers pointed out that we are far from that day, especially since related monkey studies have not produced a viable monkey clone. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
In 2001 researchers in Massachusetts announced that they were trying to clone humans in an attempt to extract stem cells . (infoplease.com)
The cloning of two monkeys that was reported in 2017 by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, did not use DNA from adult cells but from an aborted macaque fetus. (infoplease.com)
Some cloning advocates claim that this event has no implications beyond the malfeasance of a few Korean researchers. (thenewatlantis.com)
As the New York Times has observed, "The technique for cloning human cells, which seemed to have been achieved since March 2004, now turns out not to exist at all, forcing cloning researchers back to square one. (thenewatlantis.com)
Such "fetus farming" is now apparently seen by some researchers as the new paradigm for human "therapeutic cloning," and some state laws on cloning (e.g. (thenewatlantis.com)
As was mentioned a few days ago , South Korean researchers recently managed to clone a dog. (carnell.com)
Researchers in the Institute's Division of Intramural Research investigate the molecular basis of peptide hormone control of gonadal function, with particular emphasis on the structure and regulation of the luteinizing hormone and prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) genes, concentrating studies on the function and regulation of gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25), an essential post-transcriptional regulator of spermatogenesis that was discovered, cloned, and characterized in their laboratory. (nih.gov)

Yet the company announced its research as "the first proof that reprogrammed human cells can supply tissue for transplantation. (thenewatlantis.com)
Therapeutic cloning attempts to clone a cell and manipulate the clone to differentiate and produce organs for transplantation. (actionlife.org)
Deciphering and eventually manipulating the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the reproductive system could allow us to redirect the mode of mtDNA inheritance after cloning and ooplasmic transplantation, provide germ line therapy in some cases of male infertility, develop new contraceptives, manage polyspermia during in vitro fertilization, and establish objective markers for infertility diagnostics, semen evaluation, and prediction of future fertility. (cdc.gov)

The unexpected plasticity of adult stem cells has made it possible to use this type of undifferentiated, self-renewing cell successfully for the healing of various human tissues and organs, 1 particularly in hearts damaged after myocardial infarction. (lifeissues.net)
Human embryonic stem cells offer the promise of a new regenerative medicine in which damaged adult cells can be replaced with new cells. (jci.org)

Should blastocysts be protected under the same laws that govern research on human subjects? (jci.org)
After years of touting so-called "therapeutic cloning" - the idea that stem cells from cloned blastocysts would supply every sick person with his own "biological repair kit" - no one has achieved even the first step toward making this medical dream a reality. (thenewatlantis.com)

You hear people opining that cloning threatens human dignity, that it would be playing God, that it represents a slippery slope to a dehumanized future, that everybody has a right to a unique genome (except identical twins? (nickbostrom.com)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
Michael Sleasman, "Bioethics Past, Present, and Future: Important Signposts in Human Dignity" (An overview of bioethics and the breadth of issues it encompasses). (cbhd.org)
Thus, the Holy See earnestly encourages investigations that are being carried out in the fields of medicine and biology, with the goal of curing diseases and of improving the quality of life of all, provided that they are respectful of the dignity of the human being. (lifeissues.net)
As well, cloning is asexual reproduction, which damages the dignity and meaning of human sexuality. (actionlife.org)

A discussion of the pros and cons of human cloning, arguing that cloning is not only immoral but dangerous as well. (academon.com)
And while some see animal cloning as an opportunity - albeit grotesquely inefficient and arguably immoral - to advance animal or human health, others are engaged in the effort strictly as a for-profit venture to reproduce people's pets. (carnell.com)

This is reproductive cloning, and can in theory be applied to any species of mammals, including humans. (who.int)

Today, on average, it takes about 150 to 200 attempts to create one clone. (bbc.co.uk)
Reproductive cloning attempts to reproduce a child identical to the cell donor. (actionlife.org)
About 90 percent of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (carnell.com)

Parliament was quick to pass the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 in order to explicitly prohibit reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Several state legislatures have appropriately adopted laws that prohibit the "reproductive cloning" of humans. (medscape.com)

Results of search for 'ccl=su:{Cloning, Organism. (who.int)

We also know that within humans (and other animal species) there are cells called stem cells. (who.int)
But crack this for one species and you still haven't solved the complexities of cloning - it also turns out that early development in different mammalian species is incredibly varied. (bbc.co.uk)
Altering an animal's DNA to give it special characteristics is not easy, and in some species, cloning to copy these successful changes many times over offers the only viable way of doing this. (bbc.co.uk)
The purpose of this interagency Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite the submission of grant applications that utilize agriculturally important domestic animal species to improve human health through the advancement of basic and translational research deemed highly relevant to both agricultural and biomedical research. (nih.gov)
Through cloning we can now clone endangered species so that they are no longer endangered. (exampleessays.com)
The resulting explosion of gengineered species can sustain an ever-growing human population with ease, but only at the cost of becoming increasingly beholden to the biocorps. (sjgames.com)
cloning succeeds 4% or less of the time in the species that have been successfully cloned. (infoplease.com)

Human therapeutic cloning involves intentional destruction of human life, Dr. Somerville stated. (actionlife.org)

This is because their fundamental objection is not that therapeutic cloning is antilife, but that it entails "playing God"-i.e., remaking nature to serve human purposes. (capitalismmagazine.com)

To address such concerns, this year the Innovative Genomics Initiative at the University of California, Berkeley sponsored a Forum on Bioethics with the goal of identifying problems with the potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 in humans. (bostonreview.net)
Literature, from Aldous Huxley's dystopia "Brave New World" to Natalie Babbitt's children's book "Tuck Everlasting," will help the nation grapple with bioethics issues like cloning, he says. (beliefnet.com)
Emphasizing that he does not speak for the bioethics council, Kass said he opposes both cloning for research and cloning for human reproduction. (beliefnet.com)
Cloning is only one of many upcoming bioethics issue, according to Kass. (beliefnet.com)
Human lives: critical essays on consequentialist bioethics. (philpapers.org)
1 ). Bioethics is multidisciplinary and pluralistically draws on evant bioethics-related issues such as ethics during disasters science, life technology, laws, traditions, and human values and emergencies. (who.int)

WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
People who are against cloning bring up points of morality and religion. (exampleessays.com)

3. By contrast, research using human embryonic stem cells has been hampered by important technical difficulties. (lifeissues.net)

As therapeutic cloning has great potential in cures of many diseases, it should be allowed but with safeguards to prevent abuse and reproductive cloning in the human. (nih.gov)
This initiative is designed to facilitate and encourage comparative medicine research studies through the careful selection and refinement of farm animal models that mimic human developmental, physiological and etiological processes to better understand the biology of fertility and infertility, normal and abnormal metabolism, developmental origin of diseases, and improve prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in both human and agriculturally important domestic animals. (nih.gov)
Livestock can also use cloning to help produce biological proteins that help people who have diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's and Cystic Fibrosis. (exampleessays.com)
The ability to control one's own reproductive health includes not only avoiding reproductive and sexually transmitted diseases, but also the ability to have children at a time and manner that best ensures the future health of the child, the family, and the community. (nih.gov)

In order for cloning to take place, all genes must be active. (exampleessays.com)
He said society will soon be dealing with such thorny matters as financial incentives for organ transplants, advances in neuro-science that will change the behavior of the human brain, and germ line modification that could change the genes of future generations. (beliefnet.com)
Studies submitted under this program announcement are expected to identify and characterize the relevant genes, determine their function in normal human reproduction and reproductive development, identify functional partners or pathways and the nature of the interactions, and further our understanding of the consequences of mutations or dysregulation for human reproductive health. (nih.gov)
Answers to the most pressing human health problems - heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and others - lie in understanding human cells, human genes and, in some cases, human habits. (carnell.com)

However, on 15 November 2001, a pro-life group won a High Court legal challenge, which struck down the regulation and effectively left all forms of cloning unregulated in the UK. (wikipedia.org)
Text of the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. (wikipedia.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)

The ethics of human cloning. (bmj.com)
He is the author of several books, including, with James Q. Wilson, "The Ethics of Human Cloning" (American Enterprise Institute Press), and has just completed a study of the biblical book of Genesis. (beliefnet.com)

My interest is in figuring out whether or not something like cloning is ethically permissible if we're ever able to do it. (discovermagazine.com)

We need to distinguish between the unethical application of cloning technology to make virtual copies of ourselves (reproductive cloning) and therapeutic regeneration. (medscape.com)
An argument that therapeutic and reproductive human cloning are unethical. (academon.com)

Their report, published in the same issue of the journal, confirms that therapeutic cloning has now been accomplished in primates for the first time. (nih.gov)
Although this study proves that the therapeutic cloning of primates is possible, there are still many hurdles to be overcome. (nih.gov)

Through cloning scientist can see possibilities of the ability to clone pigs that can produce organs such as hearts that will not be rejected by a humans immune system. (exampleessays.com)
Organs and bone marrow could be cloned and used for transplant. (exampleessays.com)

Columnist Armstrong Williams condemns all cloning as "human egotism, or the desire to exert our will over every aspect of our surroundings," and cautions: "We're not God. (capitalismmagazine.com)

Advances in reproductive biology such as in vitro fertilization, he said, can do much good. (beliefnet.com)

Meanwhile, other areas of technology will be advancing fast and furiously, leading to developments that will overshadow cloning. (nickbostrom.com)
Just another reproductive technology? (bmj.com)
Transhumanism is a movement that would use technology not to cure or treat disease but to enhance otherwise healthy individuals beyond normal human abilities. (lifenews.com)
Cloning technology can help remove disease from a clone when the original suffered from disease. (exampleessays.com)
The Benefits of Cloning Technology What comes to mind when people think about cloning? (exampleessays.com)
Using technology to alter nature is a requirement of human life. (capitalismmagazine.com)
And as I was doing personal research into adoption, it struck me one day that adoption was really just the flip side of reproductive technology: Both had become ways for acquiring children through what were essentially market means. (hbs.edu)
We will be looking for the answer to that very question in our Human Cloning System journey into the Bible Cloning comparison between the technology of cloning and the Bible. (christianityoasis.com)
As technology races ahead in the development of new forms of assisted reproductive technology , the courts are struggling to keep up. (flprobatelitigation.com)

In view of recent breakthroughs in cloning, she believes that more work in reproductive research will follow. (nih.gov)

But the cows were not just clones - they had been genetically engineered too. (bbc.co.uk)
We have also heard about three cloned cows. (exampleessays.com)

Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and therapeutic techniques. (who.int)
This Viewpoint formulates and responds to three lines of argument concerning human reproductive cloning's potential to undermine our sense of self or identity. (nih.gov)
3 Because the prospect of human cloning carries great potential to impact humanity in ways previously only imagined, it is exceedingly important that Congress adopt legislation that will protect society and the citizens who live in it--both now and for generations to come. (cbhd.org)
4. The so-called "therapeutic cloning", which would be better called "research cloning" because we are still far from therapeutic applications, has been proposed in order to avert the potential immune rejection of embryonic stem cells derived from a donor other than the host. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic cloning - believed to have huge potential to treat disease and disability - is allowed in Britain. (impactlab.com)

It's been cited in public opposition to foods from cloned animals and genetically modified (GM) crops. (nih.gov)

Yet 'advances in reproductive medicine have indeed created a market for babies, a market in which parents choose traits, clinics woo clients, and specialized providers earn millions of dollars a year. (hbs.edu)

In its simplest form, cloning is defined as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)
Therapeutic cloning, which creates embryonic stem cells . (nih.gov)
and in human therapy, to produce cells and possibly tissues for repair and regeneration. (nih.gov)
5 Moreover, embryonic stem cells have caused tumors in animal models 6 and might seed cancer if administered to human patients. (lifeissues.net)
In particular, the efficiency of the process will have to be improved before the technique could be applied in the clinic using human cells. (nih.gov)
Also, while this method can create cloned stem cells, known as therapeutic cloning, it probably will not be able to create full human clones, which is known as reproductive cloning. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
Also, human cells are very fragile, and may not be able to withstand the reproductive cloning process. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
Egli was not involved in this study, but he was involved in cloning studies with human cells in 2011. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
He was able to produce human stem cells then, but they had twice the number of chromosomes. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
Research using cell lines that are identifiable with a donor, including cells that retain links to coded information that would allow identification of donors, is generally considered human subjects research. (nih.gov)

It has allowed us to make substantial progress towards our goal of making a cow that makes human polyclonal antibodies for human therapeutic applications. (bbc.co.uk)

Some IVF doctors are already cloning for research , they have the eggs needed and the facilities so it would be natural that they clone to make babies as well. (lifenews.com)

.'5 Although abortion is currently legal in this country, the majority of U.S. citizens would surely react strongly against and refuse to adhere to a governmental policy that mandated the destruction of human life (or the punishment/ incarceration of women known to have defied the law by giving birth to human clones). (cbhd.org)

The argument that we ought to postpone human cloning until we have perfected the method in animals makes some degree of sense. (nickbostrom.com)
It is an unsafe procedure in animals and it will similarly be an unsafe procedure in humans. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
In addition, some cloned animals are less healthy than normally reproduced animals. (infoplease.com)
Both humans and animals express disgust in similar ways, he adds, which suggests the reaction was conserved during evolution. (nih.gov)
I'll admit to being especially fond of animals, but I don't know any pet lover who would willingly comply with a process that caused the pain and suffering of hundreds of animals to clone his or her favorite pet. (carnell.com)
The "promise" of pet cloning isn't humane - to either the animals or the humans involved. (carnell.com)
Such differential patterns of ubiquitination in the testis and epididymis, and inside the egg, may be necessary for reproductive success in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
First, in the area of traditional husbandry, we know throughout the history of man, as an agricultural animal that many techniques have been used to generate optimal forms of plants or animals for feeding the human population. (nih.gov)

clone, group of organisms, all of which are descended from a single individual through asexual reproduction, as in a pure cell culture of bacteria. (infoplease.com)
As we consider Edwards's legacy in light of his recent passing, it is important to think critically about the relationship between Edwards's development of IVF and his participation in an organization that was dedicated to promoting one of the most dangerous ideas in human history: that science should be used to control human reproduction in order to breed preferred types of people. (scientificamerican.com)
Taking their cue from livestock breeders, eugenicists argued that socially disadvantageous characteristics could be bred out of human populations through policies that limited the reproduction of 'the unfit'-the 'feebleminded,' the poor and the weak. (scientificamerican.com)
A bill sponsored by Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., would ban both cloning for human reproduction and cloning for biomedical research, known as "therapeutic" cloning. (beliefnet.com)
At the Fertility and Infertility Branch (FIB) , the mission is to alleviate infertility, discover new leads on contraceptives, and expand basic scientific knowledge about human reproduction. (nih.gov)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)

The present opponents of cloning may have retired or moved on to being outraged about other things. (nickbostrom.com)
Consider first therapeutic cloning, which opponents perversely condemn as "anti-life. (capitalismmagazine.com)
Opponents of therapeutic cloning know all this, but are unmoved. (capitalismmagazine.com)
The same virtue applies to reproductive cloning-which, despite the ridiculous, horror-movie scenarios conjured up by its opponents, would simply result in time-separated twins just as human as anyone else. (capitalismmagazine.com)

A look at the cloning process and society's range of reactions to this issue. (academon.com)
And Sheryl Anderson is doing a 10-year sentence for gun-running (and likely other complications ), but as the show opened was both awaiting sentence and in the process of having her old dog Blue cloned in Korea. (geneticsandsociety.org)

Human cloning has been prohibited for reproductive purposes in Singapore. (physiciansforlife.org)
But in this case, Dr. Hwang's studies were the field of allegedly successful human cloning for research purposes. (thenewatlantis.com)

Legislation on cloning is now before Congress. (beliefnet.com)
Legislation sponsored by Sen. Diane Feinstein, D-Calif., would ban only reproductive cloning. (beliefnet.com)

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