Human recipient cells somatic cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

They could be derived from the patient's embryonic pluripotent stem cells as well as by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
Before the announcement in February 1997 of the cloning of a sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer, existing legislation in a number of countries already precluded human cloning for reproductive purposes, sometimes implicitly. (who.int)
Here, the stem cell line is created using the genetic properties of the prospective recipient via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (spiked-online.com)
Blastocytes obtained through nuclear transfers would be used to generate the embryonic stem cells that could be differentiated to specific tissues or organs for transfer to the nuclear donor. (spiked-online.com)
Human nuclear cell transfer is legal in the UK, but is liable to become a criminal act in the USA pending an upcoming vote in the Senate. (spiked-online.com)
Should the use of nuclear transfer ever become widespread there will be an urgent need for human egg donors and it is unlikely that the willing population will be sufficient to meet demand. (spiked-online.com)
The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The sheep were cloned through somatic nuclear transfer from the udder cell of a six-year-old sheep in the year 1996 after 276 failed attempts. (essays.io)
The most infamous study of embryonic stem cells asserted that cloned human embryos had been created via somatic cell nuclear transfer, and stem cells had been generated from these embryos. (citizendium.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
Mouse cells and tissues created through nuclear transfer can be rejected by the body because of a previously unknown immune response to the cell's mitochondria, according to an international study in mice by researchers at the Stanford University, MIT and colleagues in Germany and England. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
One method of creating pluripotent stem cells is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, and involves taking the nucleus of an adult cell and injecting it into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
During human being carcinogenesis or malignancy development, cancerous cells acquire the capability to move important nuclear protein that can impact treatment efficiency. (cancerhugs.com)
These protein consist of growth government bodies and suppressors of cell apoptosis, nuclear localization of which can be needed for their correct function [4]. (cancerhugs.com)
These inhibitors are selectively inhibitors of nuclear move (SINE), and possess been demonstrated to end up being effective for dealing with specific types of malignancies, including pancreatic tumor, severe myeloid leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, causing in significant development apoptosis and inhibition of tumour cells with no serious toxicity [20]C[22]. (cancerhugs.com)
Cell reprogramming can be achieved experimentally in different ways, including nuclear transfer, cell fusion or expression of transcription factors. (lu.se)

Most patients with mastocytosis have activating somatic mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase kit (CD117). (digs-bb.de)
We want to understand how the hierarchical organization of mature blood cell regeneration from stem and progenitor cells shapes the accumulation of somatic mutations and hence the risk of developing blood cancer. (digs-bb.de)
The pathophysiology of epidermodysplasia verruciformis is linked to defective cell-mediated immunity, with elucidation of mutations in EVER1 ( TMC6 ) and EVER2 ( TMC8 ) genes (band 17q25). (medscape.com)
We also discovered germline and somatic mutations in microRNA genes in human malignancies and that microRNAs are dysregulated in all cancers, primarily because several of them are downstream targets of pathways responsible for oncogenesis. (grantome.com)
However, recent research in the etiology of cancer suggests that random somatic mutations play a significant part in various instances of the disease. (caltech.edu)
In particular, it has been argued that certain cancer types (such as lung or skin) correlate well with environmental mutations, whereas others (such as prostate, brain, or pancreas) correlate well with random somatic mutations. (caltech.edu)
The goal of this project is to study the impact of random somatic mutations on cancer. (caltech.edu)
In particular, the key question we investigate is: can the tendency (or risk) to develop random somatic mutations that may lead to cancer be measured before cancer has happened? (caltech.edu)
Namely, can we estimate the risk to develop cancers that stem from somatic random mutations using healthy cells? (caltech.edu)
Many human disease-associated mutations are point mutations involving single nucleotide change. (ijbs.com)
Using Hprt and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( Cftr ) genes, Capecchi and colleagues demonstrated that specific alterations (i.e. the F508 of CFTR, small deletion or insertion, and later, a loxP site for conditional mutations) that are placed several kb away from the selection marker could be co-transferred into ES cells through a double crossover event [ 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
The second was the lack of effective tools to introduce specific mutations directly into somatic cells of adult mice. (psscra.org)

We hypothesized that a high fat diet in non-human primates would induce changes in hepatic chromatin structure resulting in altered expression of fetal genes critical to the development of childhood and adult obesity. (nih.gov)

Even if gene therapy by means of manipulating somatic cells poses no special problem, what about altering germline cells, a procedure that would affect future generations? (encyclopedia.com)

These preparatory interregional and interdisciplinary meetings focused on the following areas: cloning and human reproductive health, biologicals, organ transplantation, research, and medical genetics. (who.int)
8) indicates that tissue engineering might be helpful for the transplantation of germ cells by improving the cellular environment using scaffolds to enhance graft outcomes for prepubertal boys exposed to gonadotoxic treatments. (ijfs.ir)
Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)
HSCs were first identified by transplantation, in which recipient mice were preconditioned with ionizing radiation and reconstituted with donor bone marrow. (digs-bb.de)
For decades, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have been studied primarily through such transplantation-based assays. (digs-bb.de)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from another member of the same species. (nationalacademies.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Involve transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (essays.io)
in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Cross-species transplantation was possible without the rejection of the human embryonic stem cells by the mice's immune systems because the mice were genetically modified to suppress certain immune responses that would have interfered with transplantation. (citizendium.org)
The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
The use of human stem cell-based models, including human brain organoids and cell transplantation, will further the efforts of the scientific community to unravel the complexity of dopamine neurons, driving advancements in stem cell-based treatments in Parkinson´s disease," revealed Alessandro. (lu.se)
Central venous catheter placement is required before the administration of hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the mouse embryoid body system to differentiate control and Foxk1 KO embryonic stem cells into mesodermal, cardiac progenitor cells and mature cardiac cells. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanistically, FOXK1 represses Wnt signalling to promote the development of cardiac progenitor cells. (bvsalud.org)
The Gerbaulet group studies the biology of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in their native environment. (digs-bb.de)
Preconditioning of recipients by lethal irradiation or chemotherapy forces transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to realize their maximum potential, but this does not necessarily reflect their fate and behavior in the native bone marrow environment. (digs-bb.de)
To investigate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in their physiologic environment, we use state-of-the-art mouse models. (digs-bb.de)
At steady-state, HSC infrequently divide and slowly but continuously spawn rapidly dividing progenitor cells. (digs-bb.de)

However, there is much concern regarding CRISPR-Cas9's use in human embryos and reproductive cells, as these edits - dubbed "germline modifications" - can quite literally alter future generations. (stanforddaily.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
There are two classes of cells, somatic and reproductive/germline. (universityobserver.ie)
Gene therapy of somatic cells does not affect future offspring whereas germline therapy does. (universityobserver.ie)
He also spearheaded an international effort to identify the first Mendelian germline predisposition gene in testicular germ cell tumors, CHEK2, with potentially immediate clinical and mechanistic implications. (the-asci.org)

Associated with new knowledge on the human genome, it could be used to facilitate genotype selection and encourage social and parental intolerance of disability or, potentially, perceived genetic defects. (who.int)
It also does not apply to genome editing in human somatic (non-reproductive) cells to treat diseases, for which patients can provide informed consent and the DNA modifications are not heritable," the authors added. (stanforddaily.com)
The Human Genome Initiative, a "big science" project launched by the U.S. government to map and sequence the entire human genome, has heightened concerns about the privacy and confidentiality of genetic information, the uses to which such information might be put, and the possibility of stigmatizing individuals or groups because of their genetic constitution. (encyclopedia.com)
The knowledge the Human Genome Project can yield is massive in contrast to previous efforts to acquire information about human genetics. (encyclopedia.com)
The dogma was that only protein coding genes that represent only 2% of the human genome were important and the remaining 98% was junk. (grantome.com)
The correction occurred in one cell per 1,000 injected cells, a relatively high frequency, which makes it possible to use homologous recombination to manipulate endogenous genes of the mammalian genome. (ijbs.com)
Our research focuses on studying the roles of the non-coding fraction of the human genome and on developing new tools to model cancer in mice. (psscra.org)
More recently, his group pioneered the use of CRISPR-based somatic genome editing to engineer oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements in vivo and he is exploring additional applications of this powerful technology. (psscra.org)
The ability to manipulate the mouse genome via gene-targeting in ES cells has enabled scientists to mimic the genetic lesions observed in human cancers. (psscra.org)
It will allow us to continue and expand our work on somatic genome editing to create preclinical models for a wide array of human cancers. (psscra.org)
As a faculty member at the University of Virginia (2007-2014), Washington University (2014-2020) and Yale (2020-present), his work has sought to understand the causes and consequences of genome variation in mammals, with an increasing focus on computational methods development and human genetics. (yale.edu)
He has led genome-wide studies of human genome variation, heritable gene expression variation, human genetic disorders, tumor evolution, mouse strain variation, genome stability in reprogrammed stem cells, and single-neuron somatic mosaicism in the human brain. (yale.edu)
He has also served as an Associate Editor at Genome Research (2009-2014) and Genes, Genomes and Genetics (2011-2018).Most recently, Dr. Hall has played a leadership role in several large collaborative projects funded by NIH/NHGRI including the Centers for Common Disease Genomics, the AnVIL cloud-based data repository and analysis platform, and the Human Pangenome Project. (yale.edu)
His current work is focused on two broad goals: (1) mapping variants and genes that confer risk to human disease, with ongoing projects focused on coronary artery disease and cardiometabolic traits in unique and underrepresented populations, and (2) developing methods for the detection and interpretation of human genome variation, with an emphasis on structural variation and other difficult-to-detect forms, and on comprehensive trait association in human disease studies. (yale.edu)

Cells from the blood samples are reprogrammed into clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be distributed to recipients for regenerative medicine. (wjgnet.com)
Therefore, 3D HSA/TCP NPs scaffolds could be used for the reconstitu- tion of the artificial human somatic testicular niche for future applications in regenerative medicine for male infertility. (ijfs.ir)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In SCNT the nucleus is introduced into a human egg producing embryonic stem cells that are a genetic match of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
The promise of the SCNT method is that the nucleus of a patient's skin cell, for example, could be used to create pluripotent cells that might be able to repair a part of that patient's body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
One attraction of SCNT has always been that the genetic identity of the new pluripotent cell would be the same as the patient's, since the transplanted nucleus carries the patient's DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Stanford University have raised the possibility in the past that the immune system of a patient who received SCNT-derived cells might still react against the cells' mitochondria, which act as the energy factories for the cell and have their own DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This reaction could occur because cells created through SCNT contain mitochondria from the egg donor and not from the patient, and therefore could still look like foreign tissue to the recipient's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
When transplanted back into the nucleus donor strain, the cells were rejected although there were only two single nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA of these SCNT-derived cells compared to that of the nucleus donor. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Until recently, researchers were able to perform SCNT in many species, but not in humans. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
When scientists at the Oregon Health and Science University announced success in performing SCNT with human cells last year, it reignited interest in eventually using the technique for human therapies. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Although many stem cell researchers are focused on a different method of creating pluripotent stem cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells, there may be some applications for which SCNT-derived pluripotent cells are better suited. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The immunological reactions reported in the new paper will be a consideration if clinicians ever use SCNT-derived stem cells in human therapy, but such reactions should not prevent their use. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This research informs the medical community of the margin of safety that would be required if, in the distant future, researchers need to use SCNT to create pluripotent cells to treat someone. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
Similar to tissue-resident macrophages, mast cells are of dual ontogeny and are generated during both fetal and adult ("definitive") hematopoiesis. (digs-bb.de)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell from adult female sheep. (essays.io)
Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent study indicates that even adult humans might harbor cells resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The term stem cell is also used in reference to any adult cells that are capable of assisting in the restoration of adult tissue via self-renewal. (citizendium.org)
Such tissue renewal may be accomplished via the use of adult stem cells, or embryonic stem cells, which may be derived from a human embryo in the blastocyst stage. (citizendium.org)
Adult stem cells hold great promise in mitigating much of the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell use. (citizendium.org)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
The team used cells that were created by transferring the nuclei of adult mouse cells into enucleated eggs cells from genetically different mice. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Cells harvested from the testicular sperm extraction (TESE) samples of the azoospermic patients were cultured on the 3D porous scaffolds containing human serum albumin (HSA)/tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles (TCP NPs) for two weeks. (ijfs.ir)
TESE samples were taken after obtaining written informed consent from two non-obstructive azoospermic patients (with the ages of 27 and 36 years) who had rare immotile spermatozoa in testicular biopsies with complete spermatogenic arrest, unremarkable spermatogonia, normal Leydig cells, and normal serum hormones. (ijfs.ir)

Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The cells giving rise to the foetus, are called pluripotent embryonic stem cells, since they can form every cell type in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The term stem cell is generally used to describe cells that are totipotent , pluripotent , or multipotent . (citizendium.org)
Pluripotent cells may differentiate to cells of most types, and multipotent cells are capable only of differentiating to certain types within a group of cells that perform similar functions. (citizendium.org)
The use of the pluripotent and/or self-renewing qualities of stem cells is believed to have therapeutic benefits for the regeneration of tissue in humans. (citizendium.org)
The greatest hope rests on the potential of pluripotent stem cells, which can become nearly any kind of cell in the body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The hope has been that this would eliminate the problem of the patient's immune system attacking the pluripotent cells as foreign tissue, which is a problem with most organs and tissues when they are transplanted from one patient to another. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

In 1980, he demonstrated high efficiency of transformation by directly microinjecting plasmid DNA into cultured mammalian cells [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
This work led to his important conclusion that mammalian somatic cells possess an efficient enzymatic machinery for mediating homologous recombination [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)

Embryonic stem cells are derived from early embryos and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. (spiked-online.com)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Animals (or embryos) composed of cells of different genetic origin. (nationalacademies.org)
Cell lines derived from early embryos that have the potential to differentiate into all types of somatic cells as well as to form germ line cells, and hence whole animals, when injected into early embryos. (nationalacademies.org)
The use of embryonic stem cells has been a source of considerable controversy due to its sacrifice of human embryos in the blastocyst stage, which some people view as the destruction of human life . (citizendium.org)
Human embryos fertilized in the ordinary manner and harvested in the blastocyst stage have been used as an extensive source of stem cells for research purposes, and have been shown to possess therapeutic value in laboratory animals. (citizendium.org)
Ethical objections to the use of human embryonic stem cells revolve around the destruction of human embryos in the blastocyst stage to obtain the stem cells. (citizendium.org)

Such cells were transplanted into the liver and kidney of mice and found became indistinguishable from existing endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
Following our previous animal studies performed on mice (9, 10), the aim of this study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation of the cells derived from human TESE samples, which were cultivated on a novel threedimensional (3D) nano-scaffold containing human serum albumin (HSA)/tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles (TCP NPs), as examined by MTT and H&E histological staining assays. (ijfs.ir)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
After sixteen weeks, the injured mice who received human stem cell injections experienced a significant improvement in the motor functions that had been impaired by their injuries. (citizendium.org)
Furthermore, the use of diphtheria toxin -- which is far more toxic to human cells than mouse cells -- to destroy the human neurons in the mice reversed the observed improvements in motor function. (citizendium.org)
This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to Drs. Mario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem (ES) cells. (ijbs.com)
Indeed, gene targeting in ES cells can theoretically be used to generate mutant mice for all genes in the near future. (ijbs.com)
In their paper, they concluded 'It is hoped that this combination of using ES cells as the recipient cell line and site-specific mutagenesis achieved by gene targeting will provide the means for generating mice of any desired genotype" [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and can differentiate into all types of mature blood cells throughout life. (digs-bb.de)
Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach focuses on Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) for their remarkable regenerative potential and Dendritic Cells (DCs) as key orchestrators of immunity. (lu.se)

A small team assembled a package including a list of questions and document requests to shed more light on the program through which genetic cell poisons are falsely presented to and injected into the world's people as medicinal products. (substack.com)
Banking of multiple cell lines with varying genetic spectrum that can be matched to patients is one possibility. (spiked-online.com)
Translated literally to mean "in addition to changes in genetic sequence," epigenetics includes processes such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumolyation, and ubiquitylation which can be transmitted to daughter cells upon cell division (1). (entheohealing.com)
The contemporary science of genetics provides, not only an understanding of heritable traits, but also the capability to diagnose the probability or certainty of transmitting to offspring genetic conditions such as sickle-cell anemia. (encyclopedia.com)
Are efforts to improve human intelligence, appearance, or other attributes by genetic means essentially different from the traditional methods of education, physical or mental training, or behavior modification (President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems 1982)? (encyclopedia.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
One fact, however, that needs to be placed under consideration is that the cloning technology is already here, and either way, at some point human clones would be acceptable to help in elongating human genetic lines. (essays.io)
Merkle's success with somatic embryogenesis provided the enabling technology to mass propagate American chestnut trees with genetic resistance to the blight for reforestation-and to develop trees with transgene-based resistance to the blight. (uga.edu)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. (google.com)
Successful completion of this proposal will advance our understanding of human cancer, will generate useful preclinical models for drug development, and will provide the scientific community with a series of new and powerful genetic tools. (psscra.org)
Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)

Current screening of potential new drugs is done using cell lines derived from animals or 'abnormal' human tissue such as tumor cells. (spiked-online.com)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
The idea that the immune system might recognize and destroy tumor cells was conceived 50-100 years ago. (massgenomics.org)
During this time, he published the first demonstration that sustained loss of the p53 tumor suppressor that is required for tumor cell survival in vivo. (psscra.org)
Results The current research proven the anti-tumor results of KPT-185 in NSCLC cells, including EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines. (cancerhugs.com)

Totipotent cells have the capacity to differentiate to all cell types, including somatic cells, germ cells, and certain cells that exist outside the embryo and are important to fetal development that are termed extraembryonic cells. (citizendium.org)

Then they moved the nucleus from the somatic cell to the egg cell, after a couple of chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus behaved like a freshly fertilized egg. (essays.io)

The recipients of donated sperm are typically given information about physical and other personal characteristics of donors, allowing them to choose sperm from a donor whose traits they hope to replicate in the child. (encyclopedia.com)

The main objection to the use of human cloning for reproductive purposes is that it would be contrary to human dignity as it would violate the uniqueness and indeterminateness of the human being. (who.int)
In terms of existing ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects, human cloning for reproductive purposes raises concerns about risk in relation to benefit, informed consent, and accountability. (who.int)
Human cloning for reproductive purposes is seen as having the potential to disrupt intergenerational relations and family structures, with major psychological, social and legal consequences for the individuals and communities concerned. (who.int)
Since then, many countries have adopted government decrees or introduced legislation to impose an explicit ban on human cloning for reproductive purposes. (who.int)
Somatic cells are all cells that are non-reproductive. (universityobserver.ie)
In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)

It reports on implementation of resolution WHA50.37 concerning ethical, scientific and social implications of cloning in human health. (who.int)
Resolution WHA50.37 requested the Director-General to clarify the potential applications of cloning procedures in human health and their ethical, scientific and social implications. (who.int)
Several international health-related professional associations and religious bodies have issued statements calling for the careful monitoring and regulation of scientific developments in the field of cloning and human genetics. (who.int)
Human Cloning, Should It Be Banned or Legalized? (essays.io)
Human cloning has emerged to be among the greatest ethical debates in our era, with most states expressing their opposition or acceptance in the process. (essays.io)
In addition, most federal institutions in the US are prohibited from practicing human cloning, even at experimental levels (Haugen & Musser, 2008). (essays.io)
In biotechnology, cloning refers to the processes employed to develop copies of DNA portions of organisms or cells. (essays.io)
Relatively, this paper seeks to answer the questions as to whether cloning would help the society and whether it is ethically responsible to clone humans to create new lives. (essays.io)
The success in animal cloning formed the basis of the heated argument regarding human cloning in the contemporary world. (essays.io)
Various attempts have been made in regards to human cloning, and they have revealed a great success. (essays.io)
cloning" [6] , a reference the claim of Clonaid that it had produced five cloned human infants. (citizendium.org)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)

The ASCI is pleased to recognize the 40 recipients of its 2021 (Young Physician-Scientist Awards), which recognize excellent physician-scientists who are early in their first faculty appointment and have made notable achievements in their research. (the-asci.org)

2020) Autophagy mediates temporary reprogramming and dedifferentiation in plant somatic cells. (oeaw.ac.at)

Histones help to package and condense the DNA double helix into the cell nucleus in a complex called chromatin, which can be modified by enzymes, acetyl groups, and forms of RNA called small interfering RNAs and microRNAs (1). (entheohealing.com)
An egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed mechanically. (nationalacademies.org)
Next, they removed the nucleus and all its DNA from an egg cell. (essays.io)
To demonstrate this principle, he generated recipient cell lines carrying an artificial target, a defective neomycin resistance gene that was stably integrated into host chromosome, and was able to repair it by injecting the same gene carrying a different mutation into the nucleus of these cells [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)

In 2012, two siblings who were homozygous for a mutation that created a stop codon in the Ras homolog gene family member H ( RHOH ) gene exhibited an epidermodysplasia verruciformis phenotype and their T cells exhibited impaired T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (medscape.com)
I have also discovered the role of translocations involving the T cell receptor in T cell malignancies. (grantome.com)
MiR-21 that is contained in such microvesicles is internalized, reaches the endosomes of the recipient cells and binds and activates Toll Like Receptor 8 in humans and 7 (it's homologue) in the mouse, activating the receptor. (grantome.com)
CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
CR2/CD21 interacts with C3b degradation products C3dg and C3d and can act synergistically with the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) in B-cell activation. (medscape.com)

CRISPR is currently being used to modify human T-cells to attack cancerous cells .With all of the benefits of gene therapy such as the ability to eradicate many diseases, there is also the ability to modify human capabilities, i.e. create super soldiers. (universityobserver.ie)

To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
These vesicles can transfer signals capable of altering cell function and/or reprogramming targeted cells. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
The focus of our laboratory is to understand the molecular determinants underlying cell reprogramming and hematopoietic specification. (lu.se)

Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)

Angiocrine growth factors are molecules found in blood vessels' endothelial cells that can stimulate organ-specific repair activities in damaged or diseased organs. (wikipedia.org)
We also have a long-standing interest in mast cells and the rare human disease mastocytosis, which is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of these cells in various organs. (digs-bb.de)
Increasing demand for human organs has led to the adoption of this method as an alternative. (essays.io)
Modern study shows that organs from cloned pigs produce organs that can be used in a human transplant. (essays.io)
Stem cell therapies hold vast potential for repairing organs and treating disease. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Endothelial cells possess tissue-specific genes that code for unique growth factors, adhesion molecules and factors regulating metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery emerged after the entirety of active genes in endothelial cells was decoded, resulting in an atlas of organ-specific blood vessel cells. (wikipedia.org)
The atlas documented hundreds of already-known genes that had never been associated with these cells. (wikipedia.org)
Currently, it has been used to treat patients afflicted with diseases such as sickle cell anemia, where the targeted genes are not heritable. (stanforddaily.com)
Alternatively, transgenesis and gene targeting techniques can be used to introduce the patient's genes into the stem cell line. (spiked-online.com)
In a related experiment, the research team was able to knock out the genes responsible for beta-lactoglobulin, a protein causing milk allergy in humans, in the hopes of creating gene-edited cows with hypoallergenic milk. (isaaa.org)
Consequently, despite significant amino-terminal homology between PLP and PTH the genes encoding these peptides in the rat as well as human species have discrete chromosomal localizations. (uthscsa.edu)
BCL2 is the prototype of a large family of genes that control programmed cell death, or apoptosis. (grantome.com)
Peripheral blood cellular immunological changes were assessed by flow cytometry and transcript levels of BAFF , interferon (IFN)-induced and plasma cell-expressed genes were quantified by NanoString. (biomedcentral.com)

the second is to create better mouse models of human cancers that can be used to rapidly test and develop novel therapeutic approaches. (psscra.org)
While the use of genetically engineered mouse models of human cancers has contributed to greatly advance our understanding of this disease, two major technical limitations have slowed progress until recently. (psscra.org)
2) To determine whether the approach we have developed can be extended to model other chromosomal rearrangements associated with human lung and brain cancers. (psscra.org)

Alternatively, cells that sense injury or loss of mitochondrial integrity may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (massgenomics.org)

Such cells can be transplanted into different tissues, become educated by the tissue and acquire the characteristic phenotype of that organ type's endothelials. (wikipedia.org)
In an ongoing project, we are investigating how this mast cell ontogeny modifies the effect of a somatic kit mutation and may explain the heterogeneous phenotype of mastocytosis. (digs-bb.de)
Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)
Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)

These elements include somatic cells (such as Leydig cells, myoid cells, and Sertoli cells), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (including laminin, collagen type IV and collagen type I), as well as growth factors and hormones [including bFGF, glial cell-derived nerve factor, glial cellderived nerve factor (GDNF), and testosterone] that are capable of forming a complex microenvironment where spermatogenesis occurs (6). (ijfs.ir)

However, supporters of embryonic stem cell research frequently contend that even the comparison to abortion is inappropriate, since while a several month old fetus might have sufficient neurological development to be conscious in some meaningful sense, a human embryo in the blastocyst stage has so little development that one can safely conclude that it cannot exist as a conscious being. (citizendium.org)

Stanford biochemistry professor emeritus and Nobel Prize recipient Paul Berg joined 17 of the world's leading scientists and bioethicists on Wednesday in a call for a global moratorium on genetically modified babies. (stanforddaily.com)
observer_posts`ed into a viral vector, i.e. a genetically engineered virus, which can then be injected into the recipient. (universityobserver.ie)
In the future, scientists might also lessen the immune reaction by using eggs from someone who is genetically similar to the recipient, such as a mother or sister. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

In ancient history, humans used the term "chimera" to describe mythical creatures and hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
A rat PLP cDNA was used as a hybridization probe in Southern blot analysis of DNAs isolated from a panel of rat-mouse somatic cell hybrids. (uthscsa.edu)

Researchers have recently described new lines of stem cells derived from amniotic fluid [9] . (citizendium.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
The findings reveal a likely, but surmountable, hurdle if such therapies are ever used in humans, the researchers said. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Eight researchers from Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University have been awarded 41.4 million SEK in the latest announcements from the Swedish Research Council. (lu.se)
In their latest grant announcements, eight researchers from Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University were awarded 41.4 million SEK, giving significant funding support to ground-breaking research in the areas of medicine and health, and natural and engineering sciences. (lu.se)

CA3 granule cells in normal, healthy rats, similarly to dentate gyrus granule cells, coexpressed calbindin and the homeobox protein Prox1. (jneurosci.org)
Somatic paired recordings revealed that CA3 granule cells innervated CA3 pyramidal and GABAergic cells similarly to conventional mossy fiber synapses. (jneurosci.org)

Ets variant 2 (Etv2), a member of the Ets factor family, has an essential role in the formation of endothelial and hematopoietic cell lineages during embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
This experimental paradigm revealed the existence of a rare population of somatic stem cells that can stably reconstitute all blood lineages lifelong. (digs-bb.de)
These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Viruses whose particles (virions) are surrounded by a lipid bilayer derived by budding from the cell membrane. (nationalacademies.org)
Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
Cells can communicate via physical interactions, in- cluding membrane bridge formation, such as tunneling nanotubes and cytonemes, and/or through the release of soluble factors [1-3]. (unicyte.ch)
It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)

Mouse embryonic stem cells are known to be tumorigenic - that is, they can grow uncontrollably and become cancerous. (spiked-online.com)
It defends against a constant barrage of external threats - bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens - and, as I've recently learned, protects against an intrinsic threat: cancerous cells. (massgenomics.org)

In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
The exact process of differentiation is not yet understood and although embryonic stem cells can, in principle, provide for all human tissue, scientists are some way from controlling the process. (spiked-online.com)
It starts from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the seminiferous tubules with gradual differentiation toward spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa (1). (ijfs.ir)
In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
The established dogma has however been challenged by recent findings suggesting that multipotent stem cells have a broader differentiation potential than previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)

Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)

Distribution and Functional Consequences of Somatic MAP2K1 Variants in Affected Skin Associated with Bone Lesions in Melorheostosis. (nih.gov)

Parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PLP) is thought to be a mediator of hypercalcemia in both human and rodent malignancies. (uthscsa.edu)
Histologically, around 85% of individuals with lung malignancies are non-small cell lung malignancies (NSCLC) [2], most of which are diagnosed at an advanced phases of the disease and ineligible for healing medical procedures. (cancerhugs.com)

However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
The human immune system is an incredible success story of evolution. (massgenomics.org)
Nancy Manley , professor of genetics, who is a pioneer in research on the thymus, an organ that plays a major role in the immune system and human health. (uga.edu)
Immune cells from the donor may see the body tissues in the person as foreign and attack, causing damage. (nih.gov)
In this study, we examined peripheral blood T and B cell populations and their activation in asymptomatic ANA + individuals together with patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and early SARD to determine whether the cellular immune characteristics found in SARD are distinct from those seen in asymptomatic ANA + individuals, most of whom will not progress to SARD. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously unseen immune reaction identified for stem cell transplants. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
There was a thought that because the mitochondria were on the inside of the cell, they would not be exposed to the host's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The emergent ability to directly reprogram somatic cells into desired hematopoietic cell-types is opening avenues to the discovery of new therapies for immune and blood diseases. (lu.se)
They tend to enhance the effects of complement and are highly important in the binding of opsonized immune complexes on B cells. (medscape.com)
Opsonized immune complexes (coated by C3b and C4b) bind to CR1, mostly on red blood cells, and are cleared through the liver where they can be transferred to CR3-bearing phagocytes and endocytosed. (medscape.com)
C3dg and C3d also can bind to the surface of bacteria and fungi, allowing CR2 on B cells and follicular dendritic cells to present the organisms for immune triggering. (medscape.com)

Examples of multipotent stem cells are those producing blood, nerve and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although several reports indicate an ability of multipotent stem cells to produce cells even outside their normal limits, most of these findings remain highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)

An infusion of engineered endothelial cells may be able to engraft into injured tissue and acquire the capacity to repair the organ. (wikipedia.org)
A renewable, tissue culture source of human cells capable of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types would have broad applications in basic research and therapeutic techniques. (spiked-online.com)
If it can be produced in sufficient quantity this source of 'normal' human tissue could be of major importance to the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening. (spiked-online.com)
By means of scaffolds, cells, and growth factors, tissue engineering has provided enormous hope and interest in academia, industry, and the public to cure various disorders (7). (ijfs.ir)
A disease of humans hypothesized to be caused by a prion, or small protein, which alters the structure of a normal brain protein, resulting in destruction of brain neural tissue. (nationalacademies.org)
The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)

Endothelial cells generated from mouse embryonic stem cells were functional, transplantable and responsive to microenvironmental signals. (wikipedia.org)

In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
Approximately five days after fertilization the totipotent cells have differentiated and started to form a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
Those who oppose this practice often argue that human life begins from the moment of conception, and that, therefore, destruction of a blastocyst stage embryo is morally equivalent to abortion and infanticide . (citizendium.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)

About half the people who have a hematopoietic stem cell transplant using donor cells get cGVHD. (nih.gov)

GMI recognizes the recipients of fellowships, grants and awards among its PhD candidates and postdocs! (oeaw.ac.at)

This result suggests that the observed increase in motor function was indeed produced by neurons derived from the human embryonic stem cells. (citizendium.org)
A fundamental property of neuronal networks in Ammon's horn is that each area comprises a single glutamatergic cell population and various types of GABAergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)

In 2017, Merkel cell polyomaviruses also were isolated from lesions. (medscape.com)

As a decisive step towards the artificial production of human beings, it would increase the risk of reducing people to objects. (who.int)

Anatomy53

Organisms22

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment54

Phenomena and Processes85

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups2

Health Care8

Nuclear18

Mutations12

Resulting in al1

Means of manipul1

Transplantation15

Progenitor cells8

Germline5

Genome14

Regenerative medicine3

Fibroblasts1

SCNT11

Adult14

Testicular2

Pluripotent8

Mammalian2

Embryos7

Mice10

Hematopoietic stem3

Genetic12

Tumor5

Differentiate1

Moved the nucleus1

Donors1

Reproductive6

Cloning15

20211

20201

Nucleus4

Receptor5

Gene therapy1

Reprogramming5

Germ line cells1

Organs5

Genes9

Cancers3

Apoptosis1

Phenotype5

Myoid cells1

Embryonic stem1

Genetically3

Hybrids2

Researchers5

Similarly2

Lineages3

Membrane4

Cancerous2

Differentiation8

Heterogeneous1

Variants1

Malignancies2

Immune11

Multipotent stem2

Tissue8

Endothelial1

Blastocyst5

Donor cells1

Fellowships1

Neurons2

Lesions1

Artificial1