Human pathogenic retroviruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Evidence from endogenous retroviruses (inherited provirus DNA in animal genomes) suggests that retroviruses have been infecting vertebrates for at least 450 million years. (wikipedia.org)
Rheumatoid Arthritis is Associated with IgG Antibodies to Human Endogenous Retrovirus Gag Matrix: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Disease? (openrepository.com)
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K10 has been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (openrepository.com)
The potential role of human endogenous retrovirus K10 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study. (openrepository.com)
A role for human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2) in rheumatoid arthritis: investigating mechanisms of pathogenesis. (openrepository.com)
In pigs, a primary concern has been that porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), strands of potentially pathogenic DNA in the animals' genome, might infect human patients and eventually cause disease. (harvard.edu)
Putative pathogenic effects mediated by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans have been extensively described. (biomedcentral.com)
Interplay between activation of endogenous retroviruses and inflammation as common pathogenic mechanism in neurological and psychiatric disorders. (padiracinnovation.org)
Human Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are elements in the genome that closely resemble retroviruses. (padiracinnovation.org)
Retroviruses have invaded the host germ line on the grandest scale, and this is evident in the extraordinary abundance of endogenous retroelements in the genome of all vertebrate species that have been studied. (nih.gov)
Currently, porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) have been of special concern because of their ability to infect human cells in vitro and because, at present, they cannot be removed from the source animal's genome. (humanxenotransplant.org)
Treatable Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), ALS and other Neurological Diseases - an Enemy from Within? (epiphanyasd.com)
About 8% of your DNA is made up of Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that have been picked up during evolution and most of which have been inactivated and can indeed be regarded as junk. (epiphanyasd.com)
As outlined by first author Dr. David Kremer, the envelope (ENV) protein of the pathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W (pHERV-W) was found to be a major contributor to nerve damage in MS. In collaboration with research teams in the U.S. and Canada, the authors demonstrated that the ENV protein drives CNS resident microglial cells to contact and damage myelinated axons. (epiphanyasd.com)
A recently completed phase IIb study has demonstrated that anti-pathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W (pHERV-W) envelope protein (ENV) treatment results in a significant decrease of neurodegenerative brain atrophy in treated MS patients. (epiphanyasd.com)
We have previously demonstrated that human endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) negatively affects oligodendroglial precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination via its envelope protein pathogenic HERV-W (pHERV-W) ENV (formerly MS-associated retrovirus [MSRV]-ENV). (epiphanyasd.com)
An antibody called GNbAC1 has been developed to specifically target the protein MSRV-Env that is produced by the old human endogenous retrovirus type W. (epiphanyasd.com)
Ovine Betaretroviruses, including the exogenous and pathogenic Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and the highly related endogenous enJSRVs are a unique model system to investigate virus-host interaction over long evolutionary periods. (gla.ac.uk)
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have resided in the human genome for several million years and makes up 8% of the human genome [ 1 - 4 ]. (aging-us.com)

CDC has issued guidelines to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among health-care workers, emergency-response and public-safety workers, and others who might be exposed to HIV while performing job duties (1-4). (cdc.gov)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) is a deficiency of cellular immunity brought on by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and characterized by a range of opportunistic diseases and infections. (mpkb.org)
GC-resident T FH cells have been fully characterized in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (edu.pe)
In this study, we found that EKL1C also exhibited broad-spectrum fusion inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by interacting with the N-terminal heptad repeat 1 (HR1) of viral gp41 to block six-helix bundle (6-HB) formation. (bvsalud.org)
Some have been used clinically, such as T20 and Maraviroc for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) or Myrcludex B for hepatitis D virus (HDV). (bvsalud.org)
External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Immune system Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)

Oncoretroviruses (cancer-causing retroviruses) include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causing a type of leukemia in humans, and murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning and sequencing of PCR virus, HTLV, is the etiologic agent of 2 human diseases, products confirmed the virus's close phylogenetic relation- adult T-cell leukemia and tropical spastic paresis (9). (cdc.gov)
In 1979, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) was isolated in a patient with adult cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ATL). (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] This led to the discovery of the first HTLV, designated HTLV-1, and marked the beginning of the human retrovirus era. (medscape.com)
Neither HTLV-3 nor HTLV-4 has been linked to human disease, and considerably less is known about these viruses. (medscape.com)
Isolation of similar retroviruses in nonhuman primates, simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses (STLV), STLV-1, STLV-2, and STLV-3, have also been discovered, suggesting that HTLV arose as an interspecies transmission between monkeys and humans. (medscape.com)
HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 seem to be transmitted through direct human contact with primates (eg, through hunting, butchering, keeping them as pets), but data are lacking. (medscape.com)
HTLV-infected T cells in human milk pass from mother to child. (medscape.com)
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). (kegg.jp)
While heading up the lab of Robert Gallo in 1977, Rusectti made scientific history by co-discovering with Bernie Poiesz, the first human retrovirus, HTLV-1 (human T-cell leukemia virus). (nexusnewsfeed.com)
In 1980, Dr. Ruscetti's team isolated the first pathogenic human retrovirus, HTLV-1. (bookshop.org)
In 1980, the team he directed at the NCI isolated the first known disease-causing human retrovirus, HTLV-1, opening the field of human retrovirology, which would rise to critical importance during the HIV-AIDS epidemic. (bookshop.org)
Scientists from the unité d'Epidémiologie et physiopathologie des virus oncogènes (Institut Pasteur/CNRS), directed by Antoine Gessain, are working on a group of RNA viruses known as HTLV retroviruses. (pasteur.fr)
The HTLV-3 virus has only been observed in a small number of people in Cameroon living in close contact with infected non-human primates. (pasteur.fr)
Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and the CNRS, working in cooperation with the International Center for Medical Research in Franceville, Gabon (the CIRMF) and the Pasteur Center in Cameroon, set about identifying HTLV retroviruses in people at risk of contact with non-human primates. (pasteur.fr)
The scientists also discovered that one of the two new strains is divergent from the previously known strain of HTLV-4, highlighting the genetic diversity of this human virus. (pasteur.fr)
Work now needs to be done to identify diseases that may be caused by the HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 retroviruses. (pasteur.fr)
Background: No association between the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), an oncogenic virus that alters host immunity, and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has previously been reported. (edu.pe)
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is the first pathogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. (edu.pe)
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a group of retroviruses belonging to the oncovirus family, has long been associated with various inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. (htlv.net)
At present, there is no approved vaccine capable of effectively combating all the highly pathogenic strains of HTLV that makes this group of viruses a potential threat to human health. (htlv.net)
The vaccine was designed by focusing on the envelope glycoprotein gp62, a crucial protein involved in the infectious process and immune mechanisms of HTLV inside the human body. (htlv.net)
HTLV-2 Encoded Antisense Protein APH-2 Suppresses HIV-1 Replication Abstract Antisense protein of Human T-cell. (htlv.net)
The mission of the International Retrovirology Association (IRVA) is to encourage research in retrovirology, especially the study of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections and the associated diseases, to foster collaborations between research groups, provide a platform for critical analysis of new data, and contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about these infections. (htlv.net)
Scientists in a power postition at the NIH have closed their minds to retroviruses other than HIV and HTLV contributing to human disease. (x-rx.net)

Lentiviruses (slow viruses) include HIV-1 and HIV-2, the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Spumaviruses (foamy viruses) are benign and not linked to any disease in humans or animals. (wikipedia.org)
Virions, viruses in the form of independent particles of retroviruses, consist of enveloped particles about 100 nm in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies to SFV were detected by Western blotting of viruses, enzootic in both Asian and African Old World serum from 1 of 82 humans tested. (cdc.gov)
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from RNA. (medscape.com)
Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses which replicate through a DNA intermediate, i.e. (hstalks.com)
Viral co-infections (including Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, etc.) are found in all the diseases the Marshall Protocol treats, but the viruses are not believed to bethe proximate cause of disease. (mpkb.org)
Dr. Ruscetti was deeply involved in performing some of the most critical HIV-AIDS research in the 1980s, pioneered discoveries in understanding the workings of the human immune system in the 1990s, isolating a new family of mouse leukemia viruses linked to chronic diseases in 2009, and offers his insights into the recent COVID-19 pandemic. (bookshop.org)
After the initial contact between species, some of these viruses used a variety of evolutionary mechanisms to adapt to their new human host. (pasteur.fr)
Although an increasing number of bat-associated, potentially human pathogenic viruses were discovered in the past, the full picture of the bat viromes is not explored yet. (bvsalud.org)
Based on phylogenetics, the identified viruses are closely related to bat-associated viruses with comparably low estimation of human pathogenic potential. (bvsalud.org)
In relation to "CFS", the most-studied viruses have been the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (investinme.org)
Furthermore, there are some diseases hazardous to public health as the viruses, which cause them, that can be transmitted to humans. (superpig.it)
A further concern arises from the possible presence of latent viruses or infections that do not manifest in animals which can be used as organs or tissue donors for the treatment of diseases in humans. (superpig.it)
There is concern that in these circumstances, some viruses, difficult to dectect and apparently non-pathogenic, as some retroviruses, could be transmitted to patients receiving the transplant causing an infection. (superpig.it)
Biosafety is one of the Superpig Subproject, which aims to identify new molecules with an antivaral effect that can block the viruses in particular those that could cause zoonosis such as Hepatitis or influenza viruses but also endogenus retrovirus (PERV) to which pig organ transplant patient would be potentially exposed. (superpig.it)
In vitro diagnostic methods and tests to assess infectivity of the most common viruses will be also developed and they could be also used to detect infectivity in human as well as to evaluate the immunologica response. (superpig.it)
This review focuses on entry inhibitors that target the six-helical bundle core against highly pathogenic enveloped viruses with class I fusion proteins, including retroviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, paramyxoviruses, and filoviruses. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: Overall, the replication-competent retrovirus XMRV, present in a high number of laboratories, is able to infect human lymphoid tissue and produce infectious viruses, even though they were unable to establish a new infection in fresh tonsillar tissue. (x-rx.net)
Never mind that we've been mainlining attenuated viruses cultured in animal cells which express exogenous retroviruses for eighty years now. (x-rx.net)
Never mind that these viruses cause similar diseases in other mammals to that which we are observing in humans. (x-rx.net)
These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)

This study raises concerns that persons who work at or live to-human transmission of simian retrovirus (SRV), a retro- around monkey temples are at risk for infection with SFV. (cdc.gov)
Recent epidemics such as HIVand severe acute respira- ease has been linked to human infection with SRV. (cdc.gov)
Let's get rid of this doubt immediately: cat "AIDS" has nothing to do with HIV infection in humans, which is transmitted sexually or through direct contact with infected (human) blood, and which above all has other pathogenic cause. (aids2010.org)
The goal of this sub-project is to find new strategies and to make animal resistant to viral infection, to strenghthen the immune response and identifying new inhibitors able to avoid the diffusion of pig retrovirus in human. (superpig.it)
Reviewing the transmission of another human retrovirus, HIV-1, is instructive in understanding the pathogenesis of XMRV infection. (virology.ws)
To date, retrospective studies of humans exposed to live porcine cells/tissues have not found evidence of infection with PERV but more extensive research is needed. (humanxenotransplant.org)
Susceptibility of Human Lymphoid Tissue Cultured ex vivo to Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) Infection. (x-rx.net)
Although the associations of the XMRV infection with human diseases appear unlikely, the XMRV is a retrovirus of undefined pathogenic potential, able to replicate in human cells in vitro. (x-rx.net)
Since recent studies using animal models for infection have yielded conflicting results, we set out an ex vivo model for XMRV infection of human tonsillar tissue to determine whether XMRV produced by 22Rv1 cells is able to replicate in human lymphoid organs. (x-rx.net)
infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
These findings advance our understanding of human gut microbiome and their potential associations with HIV-1 infection. (frontiersin.org)
African Trypanosomiasis Human African trypanosomiasis is infection with protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei , transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly. (msdmanuals.com)

these epidemics show foamy virus (SFV) has been identified in 1% to 4% of per- that animal reservoirs are important sources of new infec- sons who come into frequent contact with primates in zoos tious threats to humans. (cdc.gov)
mates, by virtue of their genetic, physiologic, and SFVs are exogenous retroviruses enzootic in both New sometimes social similarities to humans, are particularly and Old World primates (16-18). (cdc.gov)
Primate-to-Human Retroviral Transmission in Asia saliva from primates are likely mechanisms of transmis- throughout the 6-hectare temple complex and into the sur- sion (25-27). (cdc.gov)
The animal reservoir for all four types is non-human primates, especially gorillas and chimpanzees. (pasteur.fr)
Recent research in xenotransplantation has focused largely on the pig as potential source animal instead of non-human primates for a number of reasons. (humanxenotransplant.org)
9,10] Organs from pigs have been the focus of much of the research in xenotransplantation, in part because of the public acceptance of killing pigs and the physiologic similarities between pigs and human and nonhuman primates. (medscape.com)

Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, several retroviruses have been shown to have the ability to cross-/co-package gRNA from other retroviruses, despite little sequence homology. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Although virions of different retroviruses do not have the same morphology or biology, all the virion components are very similar. (wikipedia.org)
This review will compare the determinants of gRNA encapsidation among different retroviruses, followed by an examination of our current understanding of the interaction between diverse viral genomes and heterologous proteins, leading to their cross-/co-packaging. (uaeu.ac.ae)

The family of SIV is 1 of 4 primateborne retroviruses cularis ) to a human at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia, known to infect humans (6). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, several types of retrovirus infect human cells by first docking on this protein. (allmymedicine.com)
After host cell entry via human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can infect pulmonary epithelial cells, especially the AT2 (alveolar type II) cells that are crucial for maintaining normal lung function. (bvsalud.org)
It seems likely that it's happened more than once, given how many chances there have been to recombine and infect human cells? (x-rx.net)
But they only infect human cells in tissue culture they say, not in vivo because we have restriction factors. (x-rx.net)

in the Journal of Science, describing the first isolation of the recently discovered retrovirus, XMRV, and its association to ME/CFS. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
An important question about the retrovirus XMRV, which has been implicated in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome, is where the virus replicates in humans. (virology.ws)
Six of the XMRV-positive samples in the second group also contained rhinovirus, adenovirus, or pathogenic fungi. (virology.ws)

Retroviruses are known to cause cancers, neurological disorders, autoimmunity, and a variety of haematopoietic defects including immune deficiencies in animals and in humans. (hstalks.com)

Directed evolution of retrovirus envelope protein cytoplasmic tails guided by functional incorporation into lentivirus particles. (ucdenver.edu)

Phylogenetic analyses of likely sources of infectious agents that pose a threat to SFVs indicate a species-specific distribution of virus humans (1,2). (cdc.gov)
1] Animal experimentation is going on all over the world the genes from chicken, cows, rats and humans have been engineered into commercial fish species in order to increase the growth rates- GM salmon, for instance, have been engineered to reach six times their natural size. (jesus-is-savior.com)
Genus of non-oncogenic retroviruses which establish persistent infections in many animal species but are considered non-pathogenic. (wakehealth.edu)
Although present-day humans and gorillas may appear quite different from each other at first glance, their internal organs and physiological function are extremely similar: Just as the resemblance of two siblings suggests a common parentage, resemblance between species suggests common ancestors. (ncse.ngo)
Species less similar to humans than are apes-mice, for example-are believed to have branched off millions of years earlier from a common primitive mammalian ancestor. (ncse.ngo)
Then, similar size of pig and human organs and similar physiology of the two species make the pig particularly similar physiology of the two species make the pig particularly suitable as a potential xenograft source. (humanxenotransplant.org)
The emergence of genetic manipulation has given the solution for this immune reaction by manipulating the pig that more compatible with human species. (samplius.com)

At NCI, Mikovits began what would become a twenty-year collaboration with Dr. Frank Ruscetti, a pioneer in the field of human retrovirology. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
With an escalating under- standing of retrovirus behavior, the Ruscetti/ Mikovits collaboration and Mikovits award-winning PhD thesis from George Washington University in 1991, changed the paradigm of HIV-AIDS treatment, turning the disease from a death sentence into a manageable condition. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
Dr. Ruscetti is credited as one of the founding fathers of human retrovirology. (bookshop.org)
In order to develop new antiviral drugs, Ruscetti and Dr. Mikovits work on understanding the contribution of inflammatory pathways in disease, specifically how retroviruses dysregulate DNA methylation. (bookshop.org)

ERVs and related sequences are estimated at ~400,000 copies or 4.6% of the human genome, including genomic proviruses like 5' long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3' LTR ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

In all retroviruses the Gag protein is the precursor to the internal structural protein. (wikipedia.org)
In human cells, the ASCT2 protein imports the amino acid glutamine and maintains the amino acid balance in many tissues. (allmymedicine.com)
The human gene for ASCT2 was expressed in yeast cells, and the human protein was purified for imaging. (allmymedicine.com)
The expertise at MassBiologics, particularly in the areas of Discovery and Process Development, has allowed rapid production of SARS CoV-2 proteins (including several spike proteins and N protein) and human antibodies and nanobodies , contributing to the evaluation and development of therapeutics and diagnostics. (umassmed.edu)
Interestingly, our previous studies revealed that the viral Np9 protein is an oncoprotein and potently activates a variety of pathways such as β-catenin, ERK, Akt and Notch1, and promotes the growth of human leukemia stem/progenitor cells [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Given that we previously defined the viral np9 gene, which is aberrantly activated in human leukemia, as a potent oncogene [ 1 ], we next attempted to search for cellular homologs of the viral oncogene np9 in NCBI database by performing alignment using Np9 protein sequence. (aging-us.com)

Human monoclonal antibodies are characterized to study the humoral immune response in these disorders. (umassmed.edu)
Not only do we generate new human monoclonal antibodies for our studies, but also for a large number of laboratories throughout the world for research on infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmune disease. (umassmed.edu)
We collaborate with Drs. Greiner, Brehm and Luban here at UMMS and Dr. Leonard Schultz at Jackson Laboratories on humanized mouse models for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies and as models for passive immunotherapy for bacterial or viral infections. (umassmed.edu)
The laboratory has also been involved in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of IgG and IgA human monoclonal antibodies, in several bacterial and viral infections. (umassmed.edu)
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumonia), she is also inventor of two human monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (umassmed.edu)
human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)

The Threat of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in the Feces of Bats. (cdc.gov)

A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. (wikipedia.org)
Co-founded by George Church, Ph.D., and former HMS doctoral student Luhan Yang, Ph.D., eGenesis will use CRISPR genome engineering technology in pigs to create organs that can be used as compatible xenotransplants in human patients. (harvard.edu)
The license from Harvard OTD covers a powerful set of genome engineering technologies developed at HMS and the Wyss Institute, including access to foundational intellectual property relating to the Church Lab's 2012 breakthrough use of CRISPR , led by Yang and Prashant Mali, Ph.D., to edit the genomes of human cells. (harvard.edu)
They comprise up to 5-8% of the human genome. (padiracinnovation.org)
Nora Chapman et al from the Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, have shown that human enteroviruses Coxsackie B can naturally delete sequence from the 5' end of the RNA genome and that this deletional mechanism results in long-term viral persistence, which has substantially altered the previously held view (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440640/?tool=pubmed). (investinme.org)
Retroviruses belong to the family Retroviridae and are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that contain a dimeric RNA genome. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Many retroviruses cause serious diseases in humans, other mammals, and birds. (wikipedia.org)
These findings, published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, support the notion that gorillas represent a major source of infectious agents that can be passed on to humans. (pasteur.fr)
Basic research in Microbiology seeks to address how microbes shape our world and to develop insight to advance the prevention and treatment of human diseases. (uchicago.edu)
The discoveries of microbes and the realization that they represent causative agents of human, animal, and plant diseases have transformed biological sciences and established the very broad foundations of molecular medicine. (uchicago.edu)

The concept of divine providence also posits that when God created the world He built into the creation everything humans (and other living organisms) would need. (reasons.org)

The process of DNA synthesis is catalyzed by a special DNA polymerase called reverse transcriptase which is carried by all retroviruses. (hstalks.com)

Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)

Live attenuated, nef-deleted SIV is pathogenic in most adult macaques after prolonged observation. (ucdenver.edu)

The objective of this series is to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of retroviruses, their basic biology, and pathogenic mechanisms, and the current and future approaches to the treatment of HIV disease, and pathways toward a successful HIV preventive vaccine. (hstalks.com)
Image showing an adult cat with feline immunodeficiency FIV is a viral disease caused by a retrovirus that affects only felines (therefore cats, in particular stray but not, for example, dogs) and which is transmitted from infected person to person healthy mostly through scratching and biting, because the pathogen is contained in saliva and blood. (aids2010.org)
Although xenotransplantation may open the door to a field with the potential to save thousands of human lives each year, it also carries the potential for transmission of infectious disease, both known and as yet unknown, from animals to human recipients and their close contacts. (humanxenotransplant.org)
In collaboration with the Duchossois Family Institute (Harnessing the Microbiome and Immunity for Human Health), the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , and U. Chicago Medicine , our faculty investigate the organizing principles of the microbiome, its role in maintaining health and preventing disease, and the development of novel therapies. (uchicago.edu)
It remains the greatest achievement in the history of public health, and the only human disease to have been eradicated to date. (who.int)

A retrovirus is a "stealth virus" that, like HIV, enters the host without alerting the immune systems. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
Multi-site validation of an amplicon-based sequencing approach for human monkeypox virus. (cdc.gov)
Many of the viral pathogenic agents that have emerged in humans in recent decades are of animal origin - including SARS coronavirus, avian influenza virus, hantaviruses, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Nipah virus. (pasteur.fr)
Moreover, the gorilla bites occurred several years before the blood samples were taken, revealing the chronic persistence of this virus in humans. (pasteur.fr)
In 2022 and 2023 the world is being challenged by the largest global outbreak so far of Mpox virus, and the virus seems to have established itself in the human community for an extended period of time. (bvsalud.org)
Specifically, ERV-K members were originally identified due to their similarity to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and are subdivided into ten so-called human MMTV-like clades (HML1-10) ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)

At the same time, however, an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these specific interactions makes retroviruses an attractive target for anti-viral drugs, vaccines, and vectors for human gene therapy. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Contact between humans and ani- and primate laboratories and among 1% of bushmeat mals is a crucial rate-limiting step in this process, although hunters in Central Africa (11-15). (cdc.gov)

recombination or reassortment of infectious agents, to form new pathogenic entities. (humanxenotransplant.org)

The prospect of using living, non-human organs, and concerns over the infectiousness of pathogens either present in the tissues or possibly formed in combination with human genetic material, have prompted the Food and Drug Administration to issue detailed guidance on xenotransplantation research and development since the mid-1990s. (harvard.edu)
Retroviruses are well-known serious animal and human pathogens, and such a cross-/co-packaging phenomenon could result in the generation of novel viral variants with unknown pathogenic potential. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Over the past few years, researchers led by George Church , Ph.D., the Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and a Core Faculty Member of Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering , have made important strides toward engineering the genomes of pigs to make their cells compatible with the human body. (harvard.edu)

In 2009, they identified a new family of retroviruses, the XMRVs from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). (bookshop.org)

The future will demand ever more sophisticated understanding of their molecular 'tricks' in order to 'keep up' with drug resistant variants of retroviruses that emerge with drug treatment and to overcome the inherent major obstacle in the development of successful preventive vaccines against them. (hstalks.com)

This research supports the idea that gorillas should be seen as key reservoirs for infectious agents that can be passed on to humans. (pasteur.fr)

The research project is planning to put human genes into cows so that their milk is more like human breast milk. (jesus-is-savior.com)
There is lack of consideration for a large segment of the population that has ethical or religious beliefs that classify genetically engineered plants carrying animal or human genes as being totally unacceptable as foods. (jesus-is-savior.com)
It is surprising that only about 2% of human DNA encodes the 20,000 or so genes we all have. (epiphanyasd.com)
Moreover, whole metagenome sequencing depth affects critically the recovery of microbial genes, including virulome and resistome, while less than 5 million reads per sample is sufficient for taxonomy profiling in human fecal metagenomic samples. (frontiersin.org)

In hematology, his team demonstrated that human cord blood cells proliferate continuously in vitro and TGF Beta functions as a bidirectional regulator of the hematopoietic stem cell. (bookshop.org)

Because SFV is not known to occur naturally in caloric intake is from daily provisions provided by temple humans, detecting serologic or molecular evidence, or workers and food given to them by visitors. (cdc.gov)
Mikovits found evidence for the retrovirus in approximately 67 percent of women afflicted with ME/CFS, and in a little less than 4 per- cent of the healthy population. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
However, although retroelements are mainly recognized for their pathogenic potential, recent evidence suggests that this 'enemy within' may also have beneficial roles in tuning host immune reactivity. (nih.gov)

Predictably, the retrovirus was also linked to certain blood cancers. (nexusnewsfeed.com)
Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. (sdbonline.org)

It is shown that selenium plays a fundamental role in establishing the interactions that favor the binding of EBSELEN to SARS-CoV-2 and to other pathogenic retroviruses in humans such as those of HIV and Hepatitis C. (scitechdaily.com)

Competing Interests: Authors of increasing antiviral activity in a macaque model that closely resembles human transmission. (cdc.gov)

The specialized DNA-infiltration enzymes in retroviruses make them valuable research tools in molecular biology, and they have been used successfully in gene delivery systems. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel cellular homolog of HERV-K np9 gene, which encodes a nuclear oncoprotein of 17kDa associated with human leukemia and is referred to as np17 gene. (aging-us.com)

Xenotransplantation carries new hope as it may alleviate the shortage of human organs for transplantation. (humanxenotransplant.org)
In light of the lack of supply of human organs for transplantation, several alternatives have been investigated and debated. (medscape.com)

Thus, the cell is permanently infected, and the progeny of that cell also contain proviruses so that the individual animal or human is permanently infected. (hstalks.com)
Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline ( PROVIRUSES ) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose. (lookformedical.com)

Before killing a person, a retrovirus will usually destroy their immune system. (nexusnewsfeed.com)

Xenotransplantation carries new hope as it may alleviate the current gap in human tissues for transplantation to meet all patients' needs. (humanxenotransplant.org)
Xenotransplantation refers to procedures in which live cells, tissues, or organs derived a non-human animal are transplanted, implanted, or infused into human patient. (humanxenotransplant.org)
It is important to collect data from all countries on all types of human xenotransplants in order to provide information for international agencies, national health authorities, health care workers and the public with the objective to encourage good practices, international guidelines and regulation and foster a better perception of hopes and risks in xenotransplantation. (humanxenotransplant.org)
Finally, most patients perceive xenotransplantation as an acceptable bridge to transplantation of human organs in life-threatening situations. (medscape.com)
Xenotransplantation might just be that kind of move since we utilize other living beings for the benefit of humans in a hitherto unprecedented manner. (samplius.com)
In Christian ethics, even though all animals human was born through soil still human has the breath of the god hence they strongly against for xenotransplantation as it neglects the gods' creation. (samplius.com)

They initiate and modulate immune responses to pathogenic signals and play a key role in peripheral tolerance. (jscimedcentral.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms86

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs63

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Endogenous19

Immunodeficiency virus8

HTLV25

Viruses23

Infection12

Primates6

Highly pathogenic1

Several retroviruses1

Different retroviruses2

Infect5

XMRV3

Neurological1

Envelope protein1

Species7

Ruscetti4

ERVs1

Protein6

Antibodies7

Bacteria1

Genome6

Diseases4

Living organisms1

Reverse transcriptase1

Nonhuman1

Proteins1

Macaques1

Disease5

Virus7

Mechanisms1

Central Africa1

Recombination1

Pathogens2

Genomes1

Chronic fatigue1

Variants1

Infectious agents1

Genes4

Vitro1

Evidence3

Cancers2

Interactions1

Closely1

Gene2

Organs for transplantation2

Proviruses2

Immune system1

Xenotransplantation6

Peripheral1