Human oocytes spindle in vitro oocyte maturation techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
As atresia continues, both the number and quality of oocytes fall below a critical level, and the rate of aneuploidy increases - a finding that is related at least in part to problems of the meiotic spindle 15 , 16 resulting in nondisjunction. (ldysinger.com)
To ascertain whether the Kunming (KM) mouse is an available model for age-related decline in female fertility in human or not, oocytes from young (6-8 weeks), middle-aged (9 months) and aged (12 months) female mice were compared with respect to number of oocytes, frequency of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and meiotic chromosome segregation and alignment. (cambridge.org)
Significant reduction of germinal vesicle (GV) and MII oocytes and significant increase of metaphase chromosome misalignment and premature chromatid segregation after meiotic maturation of oocytes, similar to human, presumably contribute to the decline in aged KM mice. (cambridge.org)

It has been hypothesized that in gonadal dysgenesis various deletions on the X chromosome cause such rapid atresia of oocytes 5 that few girls with this condition reach puberty with functioning ovaries. (ldysinger.com)
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
FOXO3 is considered one of the molecules responsible for the dormancy of primordial oocytes in adult ovaries. (go.jp)
2010). Notably, attempts to restore estrus cycles (similar to menstrual cycles in human women) by transplanting ovaries from young rats and mice into older ones proved unsuccessful (Peng, et al. (novoslabs.com)

As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian ovary has all the molecular machinery required for the biosynthesis of melatonin and interestingly concentration of melatonin in the follicular fluid of pre-ovulatory follicles is much higher than circulatory melatonin even in humans. (jrhm.org)
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
The mean number of ovarian follicles, ovarian germinal vesicle oocytes and ovulated MII oocytes decreased significantly with maternal age. (cambridge.org)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI / ˈ ɪ k s i / IK -see ) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg . (wikipedia.org)
Round spermatid injection (ROSI) is a technique of assisted reproduction whereby a round spermatid is injected into oocyte cytoplasm in order to achieve fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
Usage of melatonin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures has been found to improve oocyte quality, survival, and fecundity. (jrhm.org)
SECM technique may be a valuable tool for accurately assessing the quality of embryos and thereby contribute to improving outcomes associated with assisted reproduction, including human in vitro fertilization. (bioone.org)
11 Among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the United States, deliveries per oocyte retrieved decreased from 36.9 percent among women under the age of 35 years to 20.5 percent among women between the ages of 38 and 40 years and to 10.7 percent among women between the ages of 41 and 42 years. (ldysinger.com)

Removal of the oocyte from the follicle causes meiosis to progress in the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of brief, intense exposure to tobacco smoke on granulosa cell number, oocyte growth, and follicle size during puberty in female Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)

This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. (lcibio.com)
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)

It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. (cambridge.org)

[2] The microinjection procedure for ROSI also differs slightly from that of ICSI, since additional stimuli are needed to ensure proper oocyte activation after spermatid injection. (wikipedia.org)
When the inability of male transgenic rats to transmit the transgene is not associated with mosaicism, microinsemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and round spermatid injection (ROSI) can be used for passage of the transgenes. (go.jp)

At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. (frontiersin.org)
The failures of binding to the oocyte zona pellucida are commonly attributed to defects in the sperm recognition, adhesion, and fusion molecules. (bvsalud.org)
SPAM1 (sperm adhesion molecule 1) is a hyaluronidase implicated in the dispersion of the cumulus-oocyte matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the SPAM1 distribution in the different physiological conditions of human sperm. (bvsalud.org)
Specifically, we evaluated the location of the SPAM1 protein in human sperm before capacitation, at one and four hours of capacitation and after hyaluronic acid (HA) selection test by fluorescence microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, the HA test identified that human sperm require the presence of SPAM1 throughout the sperm head (P1) to properly contact the cumulus-oocyte matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, our results provide novel insights into the physiological basis of sperm capacitation and could contribute to the improvement of selection techniques. (bvsalud.org)
In terms of insemination, ICSI needs only one sperm cell per oocyte , while IVF needs 50,000-100,000. (wikipedia.org)
Our ICSI procedure includes the use of a piezo-driven small-sized injection pipette (2-4 μm in diameter), isolated sperm heads, and freshly ovulated oocytes. (go.jp)
These microinsemination techniques can be combined with cryopreservation of sperm and spermatid cells, leading to successful transmission of transgenes carried in male gametes. (go.jp)

Cell contraction was measured using defocusing microscopy (DM), a technique developed by Agero and colleagues (1, 2). (lcibio.com)
Time-lapse microscopy of oocyte maturation. (lcibio.com)
In this paper, we describe a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique that is a non-invasive and sensitive method for measuring oxygen consumption by individual embryos. (bioone.org)

After cRNA injection, oocytes were arrested at the GV stage for 3-4 h in the presence of 2.5 mM milrinone, transferred to freshM16 medium, and cultured for 14 h. (lcibio.com)
If all requirements for round spermatid selection and injection are successfully met, the injected oocytes develop to early embryos and can be transferred to the mother's uterus to produce pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. (cambridge.org)

3 Although ovarian aging in mice has a hypothalamic component, this has not been found to be the case in humans. (ldysinger.com)

The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

Further, melatonin and its receptors play a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanism of ovary for follicular growth and maturation. (jrhm.org)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)

However, in occupational set-up, humans are exposed to ATZ at a thousand-fold higher concentration than seen in residential exposure. (frontiersin.org)
The oocytes were then dehydrated by three minutes exposure to a calibration solution. (jove.com)
Moreover, brief exposure during puberty may induce silent oocyte disruption, which could in turn lead to decreased fecundity rates. (biomedcentral.com)

Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)
Oogonia enter meiosis during embryonic development, becoming oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
In those men in whom spermatogenesis is blocked at the stage of round spermatids, in which meiosis has already been completed, these round cells can successfully fertilize oocytes after being injected into their cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)

Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)
oocytogenesis , ootidogenesis , and finally maturation to form an ovum (oogenesis proper). (wikipedia.org)

The maintaining of oocyte potential viability after longterm storage represent a tool of great opportunity, as it would improve domestic animal breeding by genetic selection programs, contribute to preserve biodiversity through wildlife species conservation, and increase the research in biotechnology. (jove.com)

Even though many technical aspects of ROSI are similar to those of ICSI, there are also significant differences between both techniques. (wikipedia.org)
[4] Based on the evaluation of the babies born, no abnormalities attributable to the ROSI technique have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of ROSI, round spermatids are injected into Sr 2+ -activated oocytes using a piezo-driven middle-sized pipette (5-6 μm in diameter). (go.jp)

This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be transferred to a maternal uterus. (wikipedia.org)
SECM measuring system can non-invasively measure respiration activity by single embryos of several species including human. (bioone.org)

The rate of IVM in oocytes from young mice (73.9%) was less significantly than that in oocytes from middle-aged and aged mice (86.1% and 84.4%, respectively). (cambridge.org)

In this video, we describe a protocol for the vitrification of sheep oocyte, collected from both juvenile and adult donors, and in vitro matured to prior to cryopreservation. (jove.com)

Therefore, in future, melatonin can be implicated as preferable therapeutic especially in IVF and assisted reproductive techniques. (jrhm.org)
This stress correlates with declining egg quality, impacting assisted reproductive techniques' success. (novoslabs.com)

The relative quantity of focus on transcripts quantified using the typical curve technique was normalized towards the individual GAPDH transcript level using Bio-Rad iQ5 2.0 Regular Edition Optical Program Software program V2.0. (globaltechbiz.com)

When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
These quiescent primordial oocytes are activated, perhaps by certain mechanisms involving the interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors, to enter the growth phase. (go.jp)

The protocol aims at providing a standard method for the vitrification of adult and juvenile sheep oocytes. (jove.com)
We think that primordial oocytes in adult mammals are different from those in neonatal mammals. (go.jp)

The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)

However, in this group, the use of the available techniques is controversial and should be considered experimental. (ldysinger.com)

Decline in the Number of Oocytes from Birth to Menopause. (ldysinger.com)

Vitrifaction by ultrarapid cooling and warming is considered a standard approach in cattle oocyte preservation. (jove.com)

The unique properties of spermatozoa are established through the spermatogenesis and maturation processes concurrently with its epigenome. (bvsalud.org)
The creation of oogonia traditionally doesn't belong to oogenesis proper, but, instead, to the common process of gametogenesis , which, in the female human, begins with the processes of folliculogenesis , oocytogenesis, and ootidogenesis . (wikipedia.org)

Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes , a process called oocytogenesis . (wikipedia.org)
Female infants have 6 to 7 million oocytes at 20 weeks of gestation, when progressive atresia occurs, resulting in 1 to 2 million oocytes at birth, approximately 25,000 at the age of 37 years, and 1000 at the age of 51 years, the average age of natural menopause in the United States. (ldysinger.com)

The first human pregnancy generated by ICSI was carried out in 1991 by Gianpiero Palermo and his team. (wikipedia.org)

The selection of the oocytes to submit at the vitrification procedures represent the first important step to warranty the successful application of this procedure. (jove.com)

Following in vitro maturation, the oocytes were denuded of Cumulus cells mechanically by gently pipetting and examined under stereo microscope, with 60x magnification. (jove.com)
Live-cell imaging of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. (lcibio.com)

In human, aurora-A has focused a lot of attention, since its overexpression has been found to be correlated with the grade of various solid tumours. (lookformedical.com)

Oocytes are vitrified at the MII stage using Cryotop to ensure the minimum essential volume. (jove.com)
Live-cell imaging of Human intestinal organoids (hIOs) was performed on a motorized inverted microscope with an on-stage incubator (Live Cell Instrument, Seoul, South Korea). (lcibio.com)

Distinct roles of Cep192 and Cep152 in acentriolar MTOCs and spindle formation during mouse oocyte maturation. (lcibio.com)
An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)

Little is known about the mechanism regulating the activation of primordial oocytes. (go.jp)

The loading of the oocyte in the vitrification device used is an important and critical step. (jove.com)

This technique can be used to enable genetic fatherhood to some men who have no spermatozoa in the ejaculate (azoospermia) and in whom spermatozoa cannot be obtained surgically from the testicles. (wikipedia.org)
The continuous increase in the human population coupled with rising incomes and urbanization necessitates the need to conserve the genetic potential of animals to avoid or lower the consequences of biodiversity loss. (scirp.org)

In normal women, at approximately 37.5 years of age, an accelerated atresia of the oocytes begins 1 , 2 ( Figure 1 ). (ldysinger.com)

The progressive loss of oocytes from fetal life through menopause is a normal process. (ldysinger.com)

A small number of primordial oocytes start to grow, while others remain quiescent. (go.jp)

As the human population increases rapidly, we modify the landscape to meet our increasing need for the resources to sustain our modern lifestyles. (scirp.org)

Since molecular chaperones, as the heat shock protein A2, are typically involved in bringing hyaluronic acid receptors to the cell surface, here we evaluated the presence and spatial location of HSPA2 on human spermatozoa based on its hyaluronic acid binding capacity. (bvsalud.org)

Works in various organisms have revealed that the kinase is involved in centrosome separation, duplication and maturation as well as in bipolar spindle assembly and stability. (lookformedical.com)

After recovering the Cumulus oocytes complex, where matured in vitro for 24 hours in static a condition that include for juvenile oocyte, the supplementation with hundred micromolar of trehalose in maturation medium. (jove.com)

In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. (mdpi.com)

After selection, a group of five juvenile oocytes were conditioned at 38.5 Celsius degrees in base medium for two minutes. (jove.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science1

Meiotic7

Ovaries6

Follicles4

Fertilization5

Follicle2

Vivo4

Mammalian1

Spermatid injection2

Sperm10

Microscopy3

Injection3

Ovarian1

Granulosa3

Follicular2

Exposure3

Meiosis3

Ovum2

Viability1

ROSI3

Embryos2

Mice1

Cryopreservation1

Reproductive techniques2

Transcript1

Growth2

Adult2

Mammals1

Experimental1

Decline1

Cattle1

Processes2

Occurs2

ICSI1

Procedure1

Cells2

Found1

Stage2

Formation2

Activation1

Important1

Genetic2

Begins1

Process1

Grow1

Increases1

Spermatozoa1

Assembly1

Hours1

Order1

Selection1