Human influenza a h5n1 virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, a mutant virus combining Q196R with mutations from previous pandemic viruses (Q226L and G228S) revealed predominantly α2-6 binding. (nih.gov)
The HA is also the primary target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination, and the HA of virus from this specimen is very closely related (99% identity) to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like pre-pandemic candidate vaccine viruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
citation needed] Such knowledge could not only help mitigate the impact of annual influenza epidemics, but could also improve scientific knowledge of the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Such a novel virus could emerge with pandemic potential among the human population. (prpeak.com)
Enteric absorption and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. (cdc.gov)
Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Researchers monitored the continuing avian flu pandemic to gauge its evolving risk to both humans and birds. (medindia.net)
Bird flu outbreak: New mutation in avian influenza virus (H5N1) could be the next human pandemic, warn health experts. (medindia.net)
Antiviral therapy and outcomes of patients with pneumonia caused by influenza A pandemic (H1N1) virus. (thieme-connect.de)
Influenza A H5N1 has killed millions of birds and raises serious public health concern because of its potential to spread to humans and cause a global pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
Application of the test to detect an emergent influenza virus would be especially important in the early stages of a pandemic when quick detection of a pandemic virus could help government officials determine when to begin containment strategies as well as life-saving mitigation strategies, such as closing schools, cancelling social gatherings and informing businesses to begin work-at-home policies. (news-medical.net)
The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, and the current pandemic H1N1 (2009) have caused human illness and deaths. (usda.gov)
Lessons learned from the Spanish influenza pandemic, the periodic outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses, and the current H1N1 ("swine flu") pandemic highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis and the host response to infection. (usda.gov)
Had it been highly contagious, it may have sparked an influenza pandemic. (ispub.com)
A shift in the predominant circulating virus subtype from H1N1 to H2N2 in 1957, for example, ignited a pandemic that resulted in approximately 70,000 excess deaths (that is, deaths exceeding the number expected when an epidemic is not present) in the United States alone. (ispub.com)
The vaccine can be used if the current H5N1 avian virus develops the ability to spread from human to human, causing an influenza pandemic. (dvm360.com)
The threat of an influenza pandemic is, at present, one of the most significant public health issues our nation and world faces,' says Andrew C. von Eschenbach, M.D. and FDA commissioner. (dvm360.com)
H5N1 has remained primarily an animal disease, but if the virus acquires the ability for sustained transmission, a pandemic could arise because of humans' weak immunity to the strain. (dvm360.com)
The timing and severity of an influenza pandemic is uncertain, but the danger remains very real,' says Jesse L. Goodman, MD, MPH and director for the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (dvm360.com)
Yet when some avian strains do acquire the ability to overcome species barrier, they might become adapted to humans, replicating efficiently and causing diseases, leading to potential pandemic. (springer.com)
While much knowledge regarding the virus has been discovered, we are still no closer to having the ability to predict the next pandemic, such as in the case of 2009 H1N1 pandemic. (springer.com)
Such prophylaxis would be highly desirable for seasonal influenza as well as a potential pandemic situation. (healthjockey.com)
Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. (who.int)
Seasonal influenza is a perpetual public health challenge, and we continually face the possibility of an influenza pandemic resulting from the emergence and spread of novel influenza viruses," Anthony S. Fauci, MD, director of NIAID, said in a news release. (medscape.com)
The vaccine candidate development is part of a larger initiative to develop a universal vaccine candidate that can provide durable protection for individuals of all ages and against multiple influenza subtypes, including those with the potential to cause a pandemic. (medscape.com)
H5N1 and H7N9 as well as other strains have caused a few lethal outbreaks and could potentially cause a pandemic if they become able to spread more easily. (medscape.com)
If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)
It presents activities that can be undertaken by individual countries, the international community, and WHO, to prepare for the next influenza pandemic and mitigate its impact once international spread has begun. (bvs.br)
How effective would antiviral vaccination and antiviral drug prevention and treatment strategies be for reducing the impact of the next influenza pandemic? (bvsalud.org)
An influenza pandemic seems inevitable. (bvsalud.org)

Of 23 influenza A (H1) viruses that were collected during May 21--September 9 (three from Asia, 18 from Latin America, and two from the United States) and analyzed at CDC, 17 (74%) were antigenically similar to A/New Caledonia/20/99, the H1N1 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
For more information, see the article H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) . (medscape.com)
By mid-2008, over 3000 isolates had been completely sequenced from influenza viruses that are endemic in human ("human flu") avian ("bird flu") and swine ("swine flu") populations, including many strains of H3N2 (human), H1N1 (human), and H5N1 (avian). (wikipedia.org)
Rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. (cdc.gov)
While at the moment attention is focused on the recent emergence of a new influenza A(H1N1) virus, other influenza viruses, including the avian influenza A(H5N1) strains, are still a cause for concern. (thepoultrysite.com)
To investigate the host transcriptional response against highly pathogenic influenza viruses in a mouse model that resembles human influenza pathogenicity, we used a functional genomics approach to compare transcriptional profiles in lungs from wild-type 129S6/SvEv mice infected with either the fully reconstructed human H1N1 1918 "Spanish influenza" virus (1918) or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus Vietnam/1203/04 (VN/1203). (usda.gov)
This product characterizes the risk of the currently circulating new H1N1 influenza virus to U.S. forces. (publicintelligence.net)
To create the vaccine candidate, researchers used the stem of an H1N1 influenza virus. (medscape.com)
however, only H1N1 and H3N2 circulate among humans seasonally. (medscape.com)
The fact that the H1N1 candidate vaccine was effective against H5N1 infection - a different influenza subtype - suggests the antibodies the vaccine induces can be protective against other "group 1" influenza subtypes, including H1 and H5. (medscape.com)

A person has tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) in the U.S., as confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment on April 28, 2022. (cdc.gov)
The specimen was forwarded to the Influenza Division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further testing, was received at CDC on April 27, 2022, and confirmed as influenza A(H5) virus using RT-PCR the same day. (cdc.gov)
Nancy Cox from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Robert Couch from Baylor College of Medicine also joined the project in 2006, contributing over 150 influenza B isolates. (wikipedia.org)
The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) collaborated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the development of a new test for influenza, which received 510(k) clearance today by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (news-medical.net)
In a follow-up to the imported H5N1 avian influeza death in Alberta, Canada , the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the following statement Wednesday evening in response to the unusual occurrence. (theglobaldispatch.com)
To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. (medscape.com)

L104M, L115Q, V210A) between the HA of the virus from the Chilean case and A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like candidate vaccine, and they are not in major antigenic epitopes strongly suggesting that antibodies elicited by the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like vaccine would be expected to have good cross-reactivity - and therefore protection - against this virus. (cdc.gov)
Of the 19 influenza A (H3) viruses (one from Europe, 12 from Latin America, three from Asia, two from Oceania, and one from the United States) that were characterized, 18 (95%) were antigenically similar to A/Wisconsin/67/2005, the H3N2 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas one (5%) had reduced titers to A/Wisconsin/67/2005. (cdc.gov)
The B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine belongs to the B/Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)
Ten (43%) of the B/Victoria-lineage viruses were similar to B/Ohio/01/2005, the B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas 13 (57%) had reduced titers to B/Ohio. (cdc.gov)
The Secretariat presented recommendations regarding the H5N1 vaccine stockpile and reported on the work being undertaken by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization on behalf of its H5N1 Working Group Chair, Dr Supamit Chunsuttiwat (Thailand). (who.int)
Patients with influenza who have preexisting immunity or who have received vaccine may have milder symptoms. (medscape.com)
Is the coadministration of a COVID-19 vaccine with a seasonal influenza vaccine safe and efficacious? (news-medical.net)
Accelerated evolution of H5N1 was previously reported in the area, and was possibly linked to the vaccine program, as evolved circulating strains can escape from recent vaccines. (thepoultrysite.com)
Licensure of a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine for persons aged ≥65 years (Fluzone high-dose) and guidance for use-United States, 2010. (netce.com)
Universal Influenza Vaccine Tested Successfully in Humans. (netce.com)
However, sharing such virus samples with the world's health regulatory body can definitely help develop a vaccine before the virus further mutates and becomes transmissible between humans. (medindia.net)
A seasonal vaccine will protect you against seasonal flu viruses. (theglobaldispatch.com)
Long-term preparedness measures against H5N1 include the existence of a stockpile of H5N1 vaccine in the Strategic National Stockpile. (theglobaldispatch.com)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced approval of the nation?s first human vaccine for H5N1 influenza, commonly known as avian or bird flu. (dvm360.com)
Washington, D.C. - 4/17/07 - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced approval of the nation's first human vaccine for H5N1 influenza, commonly known as avian or bird flu. (dvm360.com)
Obtained from a human strain and intended for immunizing 18- to 64-year-olds at risk for increased exposure to the virus, the vaccine consists of two intramuscular injections given one month apart. (dvm360.com)
The ACIP's 2014 Adult Immunization Schedule for influenza vaccine includes information about the recombinant influenza vaccine and addresses the use of this vaccine and the inactivated influenza vaccine in patients with egg allergy. (medscape.com)
Additional changes have been made for Td/Tdap vaccine, varicella vaccine, human papillomavirus vaccine, zoster vaccine, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines, meningococcal vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection against immunized strains. (medscape.com)
Historically, influenza vaccine has had 50%-60% efficacy against infection with influenza A viruses and 70% efficacy against influenza B viruses. (medscape.com)
the vaccine had 47% efficacy against the predominant influenza A H3N2 subtype and 67% efficacy against influenza B virus infections. (medscape.com)
Injectable vaccine, which contains inactivated virus, is available in a variety of dosage forms. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccine is also available as a nasal spray (FluMist) that contains live, attenuated influenza virus (LAIV). (medscape.com)
Researchers are conducting the first-in-human trial of a universal influenza vaccine candidate, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced April 3. (medscape.com)
The NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hopes to develop a vaccine that will overcome the challenges associated with seasonal changes among influenza strains. (medscape.com)
This phase 1 clinical trial is a step forward in our efforts to develop a durable and broadly protective universal influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
The vaccine stimulates protective immune responses against very different influenza subtypes by homing in on an area of the virus that remains relatively constant from strain to strain. (medscape.com)
A team of VRC scientists developed the universal influenza vaccine prototype. (medscape.com)
It is useful as a vaccine platform because it forms particles that can display multiple influenza HA spikes on its surface, mimicking the natural organization of HA on the influenza virus," according to the news release. (medscape.com)

The overall risk to human health associated with the ongoing A(H5N1) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry has not changed and remains low at this time. (cdc.gov)
In previous A(H5N1) outbreaks and zoonosis the NA stalk region often had deletions (e.g., a 20 amino acid deletion at positions 49-68 relative to A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) that enhances replication and/or pathogenesis in terrestrial poultry and mice ( 4-6 ). (cdc.gov)
Since then, APHIS has identified 247 HPAI A(H5N1) outbreaks among commercial poultry or backyard bird flocks in 29 states involving more than 35 million birds. (cdc.gov)
Ancestors of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses first emerged in southern China and led to large poultry outbreaks in Hong Kong in 1997, which resulted in 18 human infections. (cdc.gov)
These poultry outbreaks were controlled, but HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were not eradicated in birds, and the virus reassorted and reemerged in 2003 to spread widely in birds throughout Asia, and later in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, causing sporadic human infections. (cdc.gov)
With new reports of H5N1 virus continuing across Asia, Europe, and Africa, this finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic animals during outbreaks. (flu.org.cn)
The outbreaks in Chilliwack and Abbotsford come out of step with the seasonal migration of wild birds, which have been found to carry and pass on the virus to domestic flocks. (prpeak.com)
Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
This was quite different from the avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in Europe and Africa, which occurred mostly in poultry farms where migratory birds played an important role [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A - H5N1 viruses have now appeared in about 60 countries causing devastating outbreaks in poultry with continued capacity to impact humans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The capital is well connected to Myanmar in the east and to Bangladesh in the west both of which reported Avian Influenza outbreaks in 2006-07. (biomedcentral.com)
Clade 2.2 A(H5N1) influenza viruses that have been associated with human infections in Egypt since September 2008 are the ones with the most geographically disperse distribution and have caused outbreaks in poultry in over 60 countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. (thepoultrysite.com)
The detection and evaluation of concentration of influenza virus proteins in biological samples is critical in a broad range of medical and biological investigations regarding the concern over potential outbreaks of virulent influenza strains in animals and humans. (omicsonline.org)
The current outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, which began in South-East Asia in mid-2003, are the largest and most severe on record. (citizen-news.org)
Influenza epidemics typically have an abrupt onset and end separated by a 2- to 3-week upsurge in the frequency of new cases and a 2- to 3-month plateau.3 Community outbreaks are often heralded by an increase in medical visits from children suffering from fever and respiratory illness. (ispub.com)
In poultry and wild birds, H5N1 and H5N6 subtypes were the most widely distributed, with outbreaks reported from ten and eight countries and areas, respectively. (who.int)
Yellow fever ary 2006 and the outbreaks continued to firmed human cases of which 365 were throughout that year. (who.int)

This case occurred in a person who had direct exposure to poultry and who was involved in the culling (depopulating) of poultry with presumptive H5N1 bird flu. (cdc.gov)
Starting in January, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in wild birds in the United States followed by multiple detections in U.S. commercial poultry and backyard bird flocks [1,2]. (cdc.gov)
Detection of A(H5) virus in one person who was involved in culling of poultry does not change the human health risk assessment, which remains low for the general public. (cdc.gov)
On April 20, 2022, an adult in Colorado developed fatigue following exposure to presumptive H5N1 virus-infected poultry while participating in poultry depopulation activities during April 18-22, 2022. (cdc.gov)
Not limited to poultry, the virus has also been shown to cross the species barrier infecting humans ( 1 ) and felines, including domestic cats ( 2 ) and tigers ( 3-5 ). (flu.org.cn)
The majority of recently reported human avian influenza A(H5N1) virus cases in Egypt were associated with exposure to infected live poultry or contaminated environments. (who.int)
The seven commercial Fraser Valley poultry farms hit with the virus since Nov. 16 have come under "intense disease pressure," said B.C. Minister of Agriculture Lana Popham. (prpeak.com)
NIOSH alert: protecting poultry workers from avian influenza (bird flu) (superseded). (cdc.gov)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests help in protecting poultry workers from infection with viruses that cause avian influenza (also known as bird flu). (cdc.gov)
Some types of avian influenza viruses can cause serious illness or death in poultry and other birds. (cdc.gov)
Rarely, these viruses may be passed to humans who contact infected poultry or virus-contaminated materials or environments. (cdc.gov)
Recommendations for protecting poultry workers from avian influenza. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to live or dead poultry contaminated with avian influenza A virus results in the increase of human cases of avian influenza infection. (medindia.net)
Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands. (thieme-connect.de)
Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical and characterisation of viral genome. (thieme-connect.de)
Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (LPMWs) and local community residents (CRs) to face the challenges of LPAI and HPAI is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. (biomedcentral.com)
The increasing number of fatal cases due to H5N1 infections prompted the government of Hong Kong to initiate policies forbidding the slaughtering of live chickens or other poultry in wet markets [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A focal H5N1 outbreak in poultry was reported from Manipur, a north-eastern state, of India, in 2007. (biomedcentral.com)
In domestic poultry, infection with avian influenza viruses causes two main forms of disease, distinguished by low and high extremes of virulence. (citizen-news.org)
However, not all viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes are highly pathogenic and not all will cause severe disease in poultry. (citizen-news.org)
On present understanding, H5 and H7 viruses are introduced to poultry flocks in their low pathogenic form. (citizen-news.org)
When allowed to circulate in poultry populations, the viruses can mutate, usually within a few months, into the highly pathogenic form. (citizen-news.org)
This is why the presence of an H5 or H7 virus in poultry is always a cause for concern, even when the initial signs of infection are mild. (citizen-news.org)
The widespread persistence of H5N1 in poultry populations poses two main risks for human health. (citizen-news.org)
The first is the risk of direct infection when the virus passes from poultry to humans, resulting in very severe disease. (citizen-news.org)
Direct contact with infected poultry, or surfaces and objects contaminated by their faeces, is presently considered the main route of human infection. (citizen-news.org)
To date, most human cases have occurred in rural or periurban areas where many households keep small poultry flocks, which often roam freely, sometimes entering homes or sharing outdoor areas where children play. (citizen-news.org)
Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Most of the 648 human cases of H5N1 infections that have been detected since 2003 have occurred in people with direct or close contact with poultry. (theglobaldispatch.com)
It also is the first case of H5N1 infection ever imported by a traveler into a country where this virus is not present in poultry. (theglobaldispatch.com)
In the past when highly pathogenic avian influenza showed up in a farm they killed all the poultry, cleaned up the facilities and started again. (scitizen.com)
This is unprecedented as it hasn t been seen in history before, where highly pathogenic avian influenza has spread so extensively and is gotten back into the wild bird and is sort of cycling back and forth between farm poultry and wild birds. (scitizen.com)
Vaccines against the bird flu virus have also been developed for poultry. (differencebetween.net)
Timing of influenza A(H5N1) in poultry and humans and seasonal influenza activity worldwide, 2004-2013. (who.int)
Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Human-to-human transmission is limited, most cases are acquired from animals, typically poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)

Seit März 2013 wurden aus der VR China die ersten Fälle einer aviären Influenza-Infektion beim Menschen durch Influenza A(H7N9) der Weltgesundheitsorganisation gemeldet. (thieme-connect.de)
Schon bei Verdacht auf eine Influenza A(H7N9)-Infektion sollte eine Therapie mit Neuraminidase-Inhibitoren eingeleitet werden, selbst wenn schon mehr als 48 h seit Symptombeginn vergangen sind. (thieme-connect.de)
This influenza A(H7N9) virus comprises genes of at least four different avian influenza viruses, some segments mimicking human-like influenza-signatures. (thieme-connect.de)
The detection of influenza A(H7N9) is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (thieme-connect.de)
Number of confirmed cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) reported to WHO. (thieme-connect.de)
Preliminary report: epidemiology of the avian influenza A (H7N9) outbreak in China. (thieme-connect.de)
Origin and diversity of novel avian influenza A H7N9 viruses causing human infection: phylogenetic, structural, and coalescent analyses. (thieme-connect.de)
Global concerns regarding novel Influenza A (H7N9) virus infections. (thieme-connect.de)
Genomic signature and protein sequence analysis of a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus that causes an outbreak in humans in China. (thieme-connect.de)
Clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza A (H7N9) virus infections. (thieme-connect.de)
For people traveling to China, CDC recommends that people take the same protective actions against H5N1 as recommended to protect against H7N9 or other avian influenza A viruses. (theglobaldispatch.com)
With the huge influenza A virus reservoir in wild birds, it is a cause for concern when a new influenza strain emerges with the ability to cross host species barrier, as shown in light of the recent H7N9 outbreak in China. (springer.com)
This is highlighted by confirmed cases of human infections by highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses, and more recently, the H7N9 outbreak in China [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
The vast majority of infections were with H7N9 (n=1,562) and H5N1 (n=238) viruses, and most (n=1583, 86%) were reported from December through April. (who.int)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
In early 2013, an extensive outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in humans occurred in several provinces of southeastern China. (msdmanuals.com)

May 5, 2022 - CDC has confirmed the influenza neuraminidase N1 subtype of the U.S. case of human avian influenza A(H5) reported last week by genetic sequencing . (cdc.gov)
Influenza virus was isolated from lung, liver, kidney, and urine specimens, and the viral subtype was determined to be H5N1 by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR ( 6 ). (flu.org.cn)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)

On March 29, 2023, Chile reported its first human infection with HPAI A(H5N1) virus. (cdc.gov)
During January 13, 2022, through April 27, 2022, USDA APHIS reported more than 899 detections of wild birds infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus in 33 states [1]. (cdc.gov)
On February 9, 2022, USDA APHIS confirmed the first outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) virus in a commercial turkey flock in Indiana [2]. (cdc.gov)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. (flu.org.cn)
Here, we report a case of HPAI H5N1 infection in a domestic dog following ingestion of the carcass of an infected duck. (flu.org.cn)
The dog´s owner stated that the dog had eaten duck carcasses from an area with reported HPAI H5N1 infections in ducks. (flu.org.cn)
Gross and microscopic lesions from dog infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (flu.org.cn)
From the Interior, to the Fraser Valley and Vancouver Island, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has identified high-pathogenic strains (HPAI) of H5N1 - the most deadly variety of avian influenza or "bird flu"- in 42 B.C. flocks. (prpeak.com)
Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
GLOBAL - A. Melidou of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece has summarised the latest situation on H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) worldwide. (thepoultrysite.com)
The H5N1 HPAI caused more severe illness and earlier death than 1918 virus and spread throughout the body causing infections. (usda.gov)
The H5N1 HPAI virus induced early host gene response than the 1918 virus with many of the responses being involved in early and sustained inflammatory processes, and the ability to spread to multiple organs. (usda.gov)
This was followed several years later by the first isolation of a HPAI virus, A/Brescia/1902 (H7N7). (scitizen.com)
Although this process can take a period of months it s never failed to control the outbreak (although the Mexican trails with HPAI H5N2 avian influenza have been somewhat protracted since the mid 1990 s) whereas in Asia, since 2003, the virus has spread into new countries that are beyond China s borders. (scitizen.com)
It s been very difficult to control and we are getting more new countries added to the list of those infected with the HPAI H5N1 Z- lineage as time goes on. (scitizen.com)

The 32-year-old man is believed to have contracted the virus while visiting markets in Guangzhou, a busy city in China's Guangdong province, bordering Hong Kong. (medindia.net)
Many people travel between Hong Kong and Guangzhou, heightening the risk of persons with the virus entering Hong Kong. (medindia.net)
Hong Kong has had no human cases of bird flu in the current outbreak, but CHP director Leung Pak-yin warned that the threat was increasing. (medindia.net)
We expect there could be human cases in Hong Kong and we all need to be well prepared for that," he said. (medindia.net)
Hong Kong witnessed the first-ever human cases of bird flu in 1997 when 18 people were infected, of whom six died. (medindia.net)
In recent weeks, a number of wild birds have been found dead with the H5N1 virus heightening fears that Hong Kong will soon record its first human victim. (medindia.net)
1 , 2 Influenza caused by the H5N1 variant eventually spread to at least 18 Hong Kong residents and caused 6 deaths. (ispub.com)
H5N1 did not appear to spread efficiently from person to person, and no additional cases of human infection were reported after the authorities mandated the destruction of all 1.6 million birds in Hong Kong. (ispub.com)
In an upcoming book presenting ethnographic research conducted in southern China in the last 12 years, I show that Hong Kong citizens have identified themselves with birds since 1997, the year when the former British colony returned to Chinese sovereignty and when the first cases of the influenza virus H5N1 emerged among humans and birds. (theconversation.com)
Since the first confirmed human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997, sporadic zoonotic avian influenza viruses causing illness in humans have been identified globally, with the WHO Western Pacific Region as one of the hotspots. (who.int)
Update: isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans--Hong Kong, 1997-1998. (who.int)
Influenza A (H5N1) in Hong Kong: an overview. (who.int)

reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated it was positive for influenza A virus but negative for contemporary seasonal human H1pdm09 and H3 influenza A virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
This science has been used to explore the evolutionary history of virus spread, including different subtypes of influenza. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza A viruses have 16 H subtypes and 9 N subtypes. (citizen-news.org)
Only viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes are known to cause the highly pathogenic form of the disease. (citizen-news.org)
The infection of humans with the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus variant served as a reminder of the ever-present threat of emergence in human populations of new influenza virus subtypes to which there is little or no pre-existing immunity. (ispub.com)
Regional analyses of human infections with avian influenza subtypes revealed distinct patterns and variations in epidemiology across countries, age, and time. (who.int)
Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

The enzymatic activity of NA is inhibited by one class of antiviral drugs that are FDA-approved for treatment of influenza (i.e. (cdc.gov)
The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza . (medscape.com)
Tamiflu already has approval for the treatment of influenza for adults and children older than 1, as well as for the prevention of influenza for those 13 years and older. (pravda.ru)
A step forward in the treatment of influenza. (netce.com)
Adverse event data collected during Phase II and Phase III clinical trials of zanamivir in the treatment of influenza show that it has favorable tolerability, a feature that distinguishes it from other antiviral therapies for influenza. (ispub.com)

15 April 2016 - An upsurge of human infections with the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was recorded in Egypt during the 2014-2015 winter season but no change in transmission pattern of infection was observed. (who.int)
Surveillance has been enhanced in Egypt to detect human infections if they occur and to detect early changes in transmissibility and infectivity of the viruses. (who.int)
Effectiveness of antiviral treatment in human influenza A(H5N1) infections: analysis of a Global Patient Registry. (cdc.gov)
In March 2013, the first cases of avian influenza virus infections in humans were reported by the authorities of the PR of China to the World Health Organization. (thieme-connect.de)
During the current year, sporadic human infections have occurred only in Egypt, China and Vietnam. (thepoultrysite.com)
Human infections in China and Vietnam have been associated with clade 2.3 viruses. (thepoultrysite.com)
Cough and fever, usually accompanied by myalgia, headache, and sore throat, are the characteristic symptoms of influenza.3, 5 The suddenness with which these symptoms develop distinguishes influenza from other respiratory infections such as the common cold, in which symptoms develop more gradually. (ispub.com)
In one longitudinal study 6 of 138 asthmatic adults, 44% of asthma exacerbations with mean decreases in mean peak expiratory flow rate of at least 50 L/min were associated with laboratory-confirmed infections with pathogens such as influenza B, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses. (ispub.com)
H5N1 virus infections are rare and these viruses do not spread easily from person to person. (theglobaldispatch.com)
From November 2003, when a resurgence of H5N1 virus activity in humans and animals occurred, through September 2017, 1,838 human infections with avian influenza viruses in the region were reported to WHO. (who.int)
As infected animals and contaminated environments are the primary source of human infections, regional analyses that bring together surveillance data from human and animal health sectors are an important basis for exposure and transmission risk assessment and public health action. (who.int)
Infections due to some of these strains have been detected in humans. (msdmanuals.com)
However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
In immunocompromised patients, treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus infections may be appropriate, especially if lower airway disease is suspected. (medscape.com)

The virus was identified as having a clade 2.3.4.4b HA and was determined to be the same genotype that has been detected in the majority of wild birds in South America, indicating no evidence for genetic reassortment compared to A(H5N1) viruses predominating in birds in South America. (cdc.gov)
The virus was 99% identical to many viruses identified in A(H5N1) virus-infected wild birds in Chile. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, the NA has a full-length stalk which is consistent with viruses that naturally circulate in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Christmas dinner in British Columbia could look a little different this year as nearly two dozen farms across the province slaughter hundreds of thousands of birds in an attempt to contain the avian influenza virus. (prpeak.com)
H5N1 has been identified at over 220 locations across Canada and led to the culling of 3.7 million birds since the start of the latest epidemic. (prpeak.com)
The virus this year is different than we've ever seen in the past and it is behaving differently in both wild birds and domestic birds,' said Brittain. (prpeak.com)
In the same way that many humans pull through an annual bout of the flu, many strains of the avian varieties rarely cause more than the sniffles, lethargy or fever in birds. (prpeak.com)
CFIA says there have been no cases of wild birds passing the virus to humans in Canada, but transmission from pet birds to humans is still a risk. (prpeak.com)
The acquisition of polymorphisms as seen in recent isolates of 2005-07 from distinct geographical regions suggests the possibility of transportation of H5N1 viruses through migratory birds. (biomedcentral.com)
Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. (imperial.ac.uk)
Experts also consider Tamiflu, or oseltamivir, the most efficient treatment in case of an outbreak of human influenza caused by a mutation of the bird flu virus H5N1, which has so far caused a deadly epidemic among birds, reports the AP. (pravda.ru)
Bird flu (avian influenza/avian flu) is a disease caused by an influenza virus (H5N1) that primarily affects birds but can infect humans also. (medindia.net)
Avian influenza, or "bird flu", is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and, less commonly, pigs. (citizen-news.org)
As infected birds shed large quantities of virus in their faeces, opportunities for exposure to infected droppings or to environments contaminated by the virus are abundant under such conditions. (citizen-news.org)
The illness was later identified as influenza and traced to a variant of Influenza A virus H5N1, previously known to infect only birds. (ispub.com)
The means by which it infected humans remains unknown, although direct transmission of the virus from birds to humans is suggested by the finding that all but one of the human cases had been exposed to live chickens during the days before their illness. (ispub.com)
Such an identification was highly ambivalent, since it could focus either on domestic chickens, which were slaughtered by the millions in an attempt to blunt the spread of the disease, or on wild birds, suspected to carry viruses, although they were rarely infected because they carry the virus asymptotically. (theconversation.com)
The H5N1 virus is one version of the influenza A virus commonly found in birds. (dvm360.com)
This general ability to infect and kill a broad spectrum of avian and mammalian species is very unusual even in highly pathogenic avian influenza virus which can kill one or two species but not this broad range of poultries or wild birds. (scitizen.com)
From a virus stand point, a life cycle always begins with receptor binding to susceptible the cell, the specificity of the virus receptor interactions are a component of host range, and so it s known that human influenza viruses bind to receptors that are slightly different from those sialic acid containing receptors that are in birds. (scitizen.com)
The bird flu or Avian flu (H5N1) is the Influenza virus adapted to the birds. (differencebetween.net)
It is the same Influenza virus, but a different subspecies that has adapted specifically to the birds. (differencebetween.net)
The virus has increasingly started spreading from birds to humans because of close contact with infected birds. (differencebetween.net)
Bird flu or avian flu is a subspecies of the Influenza virus which has specially adapted itself to the birds. (differencebetween.net)
Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds. (who.int)
2 (0) ] should remain vigilant and the control tries reported the virus in birds only. (who.int)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza (flu), which has been transmitted from birds to humans on a limited basis, can be rapidly fatal, with a reported death rate o. (bvsalud.org)

We report a fatal H5N1 infection in a dog following ingestion of an H5N1-infected duck during an outbreak in Thailand in 2004. (flu.org.cn)
The outbreak was the first known instance of the virus jumping the species barrier. (medindia.net)
The first outbreak of the H5N1 virus in India was reported from Maharashtra in January 2006 [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The influenza season is just starting in the northern hemisphere and Roche plans to make Tamiflu available to prevent influenza in very young children who are particularly vulnerable during an outbreak of the disease," said William Burns, chief executive of Roche's pharmaceuticals division. (pravda.ru)
In the present outbreak, more than half of those infected with the virus have died. (citizen-news.org)
5 (3), 60 % ] but does not mean the outbreak could stan) reported confirmed human cases be coming to an end. (who.int)
However we were not able to show that these viruses caused the outbreak. (bvsalud.org)

Every year, seasonal Influenza A virus (IAV) affects millions of people leading to illness and death. (omicsonline.org)
5. Mao L, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Yang Y. Annual economic impacts of seasonal influenza on U.S. counties: spatial heterogeneity and patterns. (netce.com)
Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2022-23 influenza season. (netce.com)
9. Tokars JI, Olsen SJ, Reed C. Seasonal incidence of symptomatic influenza in the United States. (netce.com)
Unlike normal seasonal influenza, where infection causes only mild respiratory symptoms in most people, the disease caused by H5N1 follows an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality. (citizen-news.org)
While seasonal influenza infection ranges from mild to serious symptoms in most people, the disease caused by H5N1 is more severe and happens quickly, with pneumonia and multi-organ failure commonly seen. (dvm360.com)
Kawaoka and a group of study authors from Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia apparently examined a new neuraminidase inhibitor R-125489 and its prodrug CS-8958, which had formerly exhibited powerful activity against seasonal influenza viruses in laboratory animals. (healthjockey.com)
Specific recommendations for individuals who should be immunized can be obtained from the CDC, which publishes regular updates of this information (see Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Resources for Health Professionals). (medscape.com)

The excess mortality associated with influenza epidemics occurring every one to three years has increased during the last 15 years to approximately 30,000 persons per year in the United States. (ispub.com)
This virus was responsible for the bird flu epidemics that happened in Asia in 2003 and Europe in 2005. (differencebetween.net)
History is witness to millions of humans being victims to the influenza epidemics and pandemics when anti-viral medications were not available or not strong enough. (differencebetween.net)

We have seen no indication that any of this material was contaminated with avian influenza. (blessedquietness.com)

Unlike the wild type H5N1, this mutant virus was transmitted by direct contact in the ferret model although not by airborne respiratory droplets. (nih.gov)
However, a reassortant virus with the mutant hemagglutinin, a human N2 neuraminidase and internal genes from an H5N1 virus was partially transmitted via respiratory droplets. (nih.gov)
A second respiratory specimen from the same patient was collected on April 26, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses on April 27, 2022, by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Laboratory Services. (cdc.gov)
Whether the detection of H5 virus in the original respiratory specimen is a result of transient surface contamination of the individual's nasal passages or represents infection, cannot be determined at this point. (cdc.gov)
These individuals are being monitored for symptoms and additional respiratory specimens are being obtained and re-tested for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
3 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus were reported from Egypt, and cases were detected through influenza-like illness/severe acute respiratory infection sentinel surveillance. (who.int)
This virus causes a severe respiratory tract infection in high-risk populations such as elderly people, young children and patients with chronic lung and heart diseases. (omicsonline.org)
negative samples were tested for other respiratory viruses. (bvsalud.org)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)

The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (A) and neuraminidase (B) gene sequences of the H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a dog´s lung. (flu.org.cn)
Antiviral agents available for influenza treatment and/or prevention include neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir) and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (baloxavir marboxil). (medscape.com)
It is active against influenza A and B including strains resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Phylogeography models of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) suggest Ash Sharqiyah as the origin of virus spread, however the support is weak based on Kullback-Leibler values of 0.09 for HA and 0.01 for NA. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased insight into the mechanisms of influenza virus replication combined with advances in the science of rational drug design have resulted in the development of the neuraminidase inhibitors, a new class of medicines that promise significantly to impact the management of influenza. (ispub.com)
The neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir is the first antiviral specifically developed to combat both influenza A and influenza B viruses. (ispub.com)
Neuraminidase, or NA, is another influenza surface protein. (medscape.com)

Avian influenza H5N1 virus is known to cross the species barrier and infect humans and felines. (flu.org.cn)
So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
arrier to infect humans. (citizen-news.org)
Of the few avian influenza viruses that have crossed the species barrier to infect humans, H5N1 has caused the largest number of cases of severe disease and death in humans. (citizen-news.org)
The H5N1 virus can infect humans and other mammals, but with some difficulty. (scitizen.com)

Pregnant women infected with influenza are at increased risk of severe illness compared to non-pregnant women. (drugs.com)
To understand how illness and death are produced, a mouse model was studied with all three types of viruses. (usda.gov)
Notice to readers: considerations for distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational anthrax. (netce.com)
In one study, symptomatic illness attributable to influenza decreased from 12% to about 4% with the use of these measures. (medscape.com)

The viruses, inactivated by 1% propiolactone (BPL), used were: A/Vietnam/HN 30408/2004, A/HN 30850/2005, and A/CM32/2011, representing clade 1, clade 2.3.4, and clade 2.3.2.1, respectively. (cdc.gov)
The resulting consensus sequences were analyzed with the blast and H5N1 clade identifier at IRD site ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Overall, the genomic analysis of the virus in this specimen does not change CDC's risk assessment related to the avian A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
Characterization of the complete genome revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
It was distinctly different from viruses of the three EMA sublineages of clade 2.2 but related to isolates from wild migratory waterfowl from Russia, China and Mongolia. (biomedcentral.com)
Complete genome sequencing of the H5N1 isolates of 2006 revealed that all eight genes belonged to the sublineage EMA3 of the clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
The Clade typing of HA gene showed the virus belonged to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4. (flu.org.cn)

Although human infection with avian influenza viruses is rare, workers infected with certain types of these viruses may become ill or die. (cdc.gov)

Viral RNA obtained from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from the patient has been sequenced and genetically analyzed by the National Influenza Centre in Chile (Instituto de Salud Pública) and by the Influenza Division/CDC. (cdc.gov)
It is a prodrug which inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an enzyme specific to influenza, resulting in inhibition of viral replication. (medscape.com)
Dissemination was not due to virus growth, as evidenced by the similarity in viral titers. (usda.gov)
In response, we examined the viral distribution and mRNA expression profiles of immune-related genes in chickens infected with both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
The quadrivalent influenza vaccines contain an additional B strain, B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage), in addition to the 3 viral strains listed above. (medscape.com)

By in vitro selection for binding α2-6 sialosides, we identified four variant viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (S227N, D187G, E190G, and Q196R) that revealed modestly increased α2-6 and minimally decreased α2-3 binding by glycan array analysis. (nih.gov)
The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
The intramuscular (IM) form contains 45 µg of influenza hemagglutinin per 0.5 mL. (medscape.com)
The intradermal dosage form contains 27 µg of influenza hemagglutinin per 0.1 mL. (medscape.com)
It displays part of hemagglutinin (HA), an influenza protein, on the surface of a microscopic nanoparticle made of nonhuman ferritin. (medscape.com)

During November 2014-April 2015, a total of 165 case-patients with influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, including 6 clusters and 51 deaths, were identified in Egypt. (cdc.gov)
Ocular symptoms develop in some patients with influenza and include photophobia, burning sensations, or pain upon motion. (medscape.com)
Some patients with influenza develop rhinitis of varying severity, but it generally is not the chief symptom. (medscape.com)
In some cases, patients with influenza may be bedridden. (medscape.com)
Intravenous Zanamivir in Hospitalized Patients With Influenza. (cdc.gov)
Patients with influenza generally benefit from bed rest. (medscape.com)

H5N1 infection in humans can cause severe disease and has a high mortality rate," states the WHO. (prpeak.com)
If the H5N1 virus were to change and become easily transmissible from person to person while retaining its capacity to cause severe disease, the consequences for public health could be very serious. (prpeak.com)
[ 2 ] Early antiviral therapy must be considered among hospitalized children diagnosed with or suspected to have influenza, especially if they have risk factors such as asthma, cardiac problems, or other conditions, to prevent severe complications and prolonged hospitalization. (medscape.com)
These results suggest that early and aggressive treatment action should be taken in patients with a high clinical suspicion of severe influenza infection. (medscape.com)
The Indonesian experts are saying that, that in the above instance, there was a, "common genetic predisposition to infection with H5N1 virus with severe and fatal outcomes. (blessedquietness.com)
Similar to H5N1 strains, this further affirms the potential of avian influenza strains capable of directly infecting human, causing severe illnesses. (springer.com)

Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and other Benefits was held in Geneva, from 8 to13 December 2008. (who.int)
d) establishment of the international stockpile of H5N1 vaccines (e) antiviral stockpiles. (who.int)
This research helps to provide international researchers with the information needed to develop new vaccines, therapies and diagnostics, as well as improve understanding of the overall molecular evolution of Influenza and other genetic factors that determine their virulence. (wikipedia.org)
However, LPM-workers protected themselves less from AI viruses (AIVs) and had lower acceptance of human or avian influenza vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
On-going research is focused on the development of appropriate vaccines against A(H5N1) circulating strains for use in humans. (thepoultrysite.com)
Supari told a rapturous crowd at a book discussion last week that rich nations were creating "new viruses" and sending them to developing nations in order create markets for drug companies to sell vaccines. (medindia.net)
Then the virus is turned into vaccines (that are sent to) Indonesia and Indonesia has to buy them and if they don't buy them, it turns and turns again, and in the end developed countries make new viruses which are then sent to developing countries," she said. (medindia.net)
Subandrio, who has supported Supari in trying to extract a change in WHO rules to allow developing nations to secure supply of and revenue from vaccines taken from their virus strains, said withholding samples was nonetheless risky. (medindia.net)
A few vaccines have been developed for humans, to prevent contracting the deadly bird flu, but none are available in the market as yet for civilians. (differencebetween.net)
[ 56 ] The quadrivalent flu vaccines have an additional B virus. (medscape.com)

Sialic acid receptor specificity on erythrocytes affects detection of antibody to avian influenza haemagglutinin. (cdc.gov)
Acquisition of α2-6 sialoside receptor specificity by α2-3 specific highly-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) is thought to be a prerequisite for efficient transmission in humans. (nih.gov)

The purpose of this HAN Health Advisory is to notify public health workers, clinicians, and the public of the potential for human infection with this virus and to describe the CDC's recommendations for patient investigation and testing, infection control including the use of personal protective equipment, and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
Impact of Prompt Influenza Antiviral Treatment on Extended Care Needs After Influenza Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral drugs are claimed to be a vital countermeasure against human influenza viruses, as well as the extremely pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, which seems to cause bird flu. (healthjockey.com)

Adaptive pathways of zoonotic influenza viruses: from exposure to establishment in humans. (who.int)
Researchers will study whether and to what extent their immune responses vary on the basis of age and the probability of their prior exposure to different variants of influenza. (medscape.com)

Interregional Spread of Influenza through United States Described by Virus Type, Size of Populations and Commuting Rates and Distance. (netce.com)
Majority of influenza A viruses reside and circulate among animal populations, seldom infecting humans due to host range restriction. (springer.com)
Spread to humans was contained by culling domestic bird populations. (msdmanuals.com)

Close contacts of the patient have been asymptomatic and have tested negative for influenza viruses, indicating that no known human-to-human transmission occurred ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Specimens from close contacts of the A(H5)-positive individual and persons who participated in depopulation activities at the same facility were collected on April 20, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)

In Egypt, no deaths have been reported from a total of 17 confirmed human cases in 2009, which could be an indication of altered pathogenicity of the circulating strains. (thepoultrysite.com)
These findings suggest a remarkable difference in the pathogenicity of these viruses. (usda.gov)
PB1-F2 is a small, 90 amino acid long polypeptide expressed in influenza A viruses, which generally exacerbate virus pathogenicity. (omicsonline.org)
Mutation at the 42nd residue within the RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NS1 dramatically changes the degree of pathogenicity of H5N1 in mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Phylogeography can highlight the drivers of H5N1 emergence and spread. (biomedcentral.com)
An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time. (who.int)

The percentage of deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza as reported by the 122 Cities Mortality Reporting System remained below the epidemic threshold. (cdc.gov)
The virus is usually highly pathogenic and is associated with high morbidity and overall mortality rates that reach 61 per cent. (thepoultrysite.com)
The article of J.P. Dudley published in the same issue of Eurosurveillance examines the age- and sex-specific rates of infection and mortality for human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt, concluding that they differ markedly from those recorded in other countries. (thepoultrysite.com)
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
Influenza pandemics, which have occurred approximately every 15 years over the last century, cause significant morbidity and mortality. (ispub.com)
Avian influenza H5N1 has shown high mortality rate in human. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
It is a highly lethal virus with a very high mortality. (differencebetween.net)

Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)

Primary influenza pneumonia is characterized by progressive cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis after the initial presentation. (medscape.com)
Most commonly, this is influenza pneumonia. (medscape.com)

This test gives the speed and precision we need to detect and respond effectively to novel influenza viruses. (news-medical.net)

Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Structures of human H3N2 and avian H5N1 FluPol A . (nature.com)
Atomic coordinates have been deposited in the PDB with accession codes 6QNW (H3N2 FluPol A ), 6QPF (H5N1 FluPol A ) and 6QPG (H3N2 FluPol A + Nb8205). (nature.com)

Further understanding and determining host tropism would be important in identifying zoonotic influenza virus strains capable of crossing species barrier and infecting humans. (springer.com)

350 cumulative cases of human avian influenza A (H5N1) and 117 deaths (case-fatality rate 33%) were reported from Egypt as of 24 March 2016. (who.int)
4 newly confirmed human H5N1 avian influenza cases were reported from Cairo, Giza and Sohag governorates in the first quarter of 2016. (who.int)
Djibouti and Iraq reported only 4 cases (with 2 deaths) of human avian influenza A (H5N1) in 2006. (who.int)
The study reports documented cases of A (H3N8) avian influenza viruses crossing species boundaries and affecting a range of mammals, including dogs and horses. (medindia.net)
Since the original human cases of H5N1 originated in Asia [ 1 ], much of the attention concerning the virus has been in Asian countries. (biomedcentral.com)
As of June 2013, the country has reported 173 confirmed human cases to the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 2 ], the highest number outside of Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
The cumulative number of confirmed human cases from 2003 to 2009 is 423 cases, with 258 deaths. (thepoultrysite.com)
Increasing numbers of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A (H5N1) were reported to WHO between 2003 and 2011. (omicsonline.org)
The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population has announced two new human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. (citizen-news.org)
As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
While there have been no reported human cases of H5N1 infection in the US, almost 300 people worldwide have been infected since 2003 and more than half have died. (dvm360.com)
Hammond A, Fitzner J, Collins L, Ong S, K V. Human cases of influenza at the human-animal interface, January 2015-April 2017. (who.int)
virus as the cause and found laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza C virus and human Coronavirus OC 43 for the first time in both Cote d'Ivoire and in a Sub-Saharan African country. (bvsalud.org)

In Africa, South Africa reported predominantly A (H3) viruses, and Madagascar reported a limited number of A (H3) and A (H1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
In an article in Eurosurveillance , A. Melidou writes that the A(H5N1) influenza virus has re-emerged in 2003 in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region as well as Europe and since then has become endemic in some countries. (thepoultrysite.com)

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the first human case of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus infection in Beijing, so as to provide evidences for prevention and control of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus infection. (flu.org.cn)
The samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum collected at the early stage of diseases were positive for the nucleic acid of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus. (flu.org.cn)
In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e. (frontiersin.org)

Marine mammals can also become infected with avian influenza strains (eg, H10N7 in harbor seals), with subsequent human infection reported. (msdmanuals.com)

Recommended activities are specific to the threat posed by the continuing spread of the H5N1 virus. (bvs.br)
Human resource shortages in the health services are widely acknowledged as a threat to the attainment of the healthrelated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). (bvsalud.org)

Scientists have isolated variants of the influenza virus in more than 100 wild bird species worldwide, from waterfowl like geese, swans, ducks and gulls to shoreline species like sandpipers, plovers and storks. (prpeak.com)
Since highly pathogenic Asian bird flu strains emerged worldwide in the past two decades, many worried H5N1 would jump to people like the incredibly deadly Spanish Flu 100 years earlier, said Ydenberg. (prpeak.com)
Bird flu in Brazil: Authorities are watching if the bird flu virus H5N1 is mutating into a form which can spread amongst humans. (medindia.net)
For Egypt, future work should focus on using data about vaccination and live bird markets in phylogeography models to study their impact on H5N1 diffusion within the country. (biomedcentral.com)
Is Indonesia Going too Far by Still Refusing to Share Bird Flu Virus Samples? (medindia.net)
Indonesia has borne the brunt of the avian influenza (bird flu) with more than 50pct of the victims coming from this Asian nation. (medindia.net)
Bird flu scientists abroad and in Indonesia have raised concerns that while Supari seeks to reshape the global order, time is being wasted in understanding a virus that could potentially kill millions if it mutates into a form transmissible between humans. (medindia.net)
The minister of health is keeping the virus in the laboratories but they are giving no access to Indonesian scientists at the moment," said Amin Subandrio, the head of the national bird flu committee's expert panel. (medindia.net)

The World Health Organization is concerned about the highly virulent strains of IAV, such as H5N1 avian viruses which has about 60% lethality rate [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)

A viruses can cause pandemics. (citizen-news.org)

Influenza vaccination also must be encouraged to prevent the infection. (medscape.com)
Until recently, management options for influenza were limited to vaccination and use of the M2 inhibitors amantadine or rimantadine. (ispub.com)
Vaccination is now available against the flu virus. (differencebetween.net)

There's always a potential for low-pathogenic avian flu viruses to evolve into highly pathogenic viruses. (prpeak.com)
These viruses are referred to as highly pathogenic viruses. (cdc.gov)
Scientists are currently most concerned about the highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus known as H5N1. (cdc.gov)
A second risk, of even greater concern, is that the virus - if given enough opportunities - will change into a form that is highly infectious for humans and spreads easily from person to person. (citizen-news.org)
More information on H5N1 is available at Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus . (theglobaldispatch.com)
So, maybe I should backtrack a little bit just to put the H5N1 situation in prospective with other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. (scitizen.com)
They started to have highly pathogenic avian influenza in the early-mid nineties. (scitizen.com)
CS-8958 is highly effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with H5N1 influenza viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant mutants. (healthjockey.com)

This is the second human case of A(H5N1) ever reported in South America, which includes a January 2023 case reported by Ecuador ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
In South America, influenza A (H1) viruses were most commonly reported, but influenza A (H3) and influenza B viruses also were identified. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the CDC says "This is the first detected case of human infection with avian influenza A H5N1 virus in North or South America. (theglobaldispatch.com)

318 (2%) were positive for influenza ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
The majority (92%) of these isolates were tested from mid-May through late June, when 3.6% of specimens tested were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
Since July 1, of specimens tested, 0.6% were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)

[ 11 ] Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)

The WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Control of Influenza located at CDC analyzes influenza virus isolates received from laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-United States, 2012-13 influenza season. (netce.com)

2 strains of influenza A and 1 of influenza B are included for trivalent vaccinees. (medscape.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms94

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science5

Health Care10

Geographicals4

Pandemic30

H1N110

Centers for Diseas6

Vaccine29

Outbreaks17

Poultry38

H7N916

Subtype4

HPAI17

Hong Kong12

Subtypes7

Treatment of influenza5

Infections14

Birds28

Outbreak7

Seasonal8

Epidemics3

Contaminated with avian influenza1

Respiratory9

Neuraminidase8

Infect humans5

Illness4

Clade8

Infection with avian influenza viruses1

Viral5

Hemagglutinin5

Patients with influenza6

Severe6

Vaccines10

Specificity2

Antiviral3

Exposure2

Populations3

Negative for influenza viruses2

Pathogenicity4

Emergence2

Mortality7

Mutation1

Pneumonia2

Novel influenza viruses1

H3N23

Zoonotic influenza1

Cases13

Africa2

H5N63

Avian influenza strains1

Threat2

Bird8

World Health Organ1

Pandemics1

Vaccination3

Highly8

South America3

Positive for influenza3

Spread of Influenza1

Control of Influenza2

Strains of influenza1