Human hiv 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recently, it was reported that the caspase recruitment domain family member 8 (CARD8), an inflammasome sensor, plays a role in detecting HIV-1 infection. (fredhutch.org)
The CARD8 protein consists of two domains: FIIND (N terminus) and CARD (C terminus), the FIIND domain is cleaved during HIV infection, allowing the free CARD domain to trigger cell death and promote inflammatory responses. (fredhutch.org)
They went on to knock-out CARD8 in a lymphocyte cell line and show that activation of the inflammasome after HIV-1 infection depends on having the human-specific CARD8 gene. (fredhutch.org)
Human CARD8 senses HIV infection promoting cell death and inflammation. (fredhutch.org)
Taken together, their findings support that "human CARD8 can sense HIV protease in a site-specific manner during viral infection," Jessie explains. (fredhutch.org)
Following reports of an outbreak of HIV infection among children in Larkana District, Pakistan, an international team investigated the extent and cause of the outbreak between April and June 2019. (who.int)
Investigations indicate that unsafe healthcare practices in formal and informal healthcare settings as the most likely cause of the 2019 outbreak of HIV infection in Larkana, Pakistan. (who.int)
Several outbreaks of HIV infection have previously been reported in Pakistan (10). (who.int)
The safety and efficacy of doravirine were compared with that of efavirenz as initial treatment of adults living with HIV-1 infection ( NCT01632345 ). (nih.gov)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Genetic Diversity Informs Stage of HIV-1 Infection Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. (bvsalud.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV )-1 genetic diversity increases during infection and can help infer the time elapsed since infection . (bvsalud.org)
Participants with estimated duration of HIV-1 infection based on repeated testing were sourced from cohorts in Botswana (n = 1944). (bvsalud.org)
These results indicate that recency of HIV-1 infection can be inferred from viral sequence diversity even among patients on suppressive ART . (bvsalud.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are currently under development to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection. (nature.com)
In the case of HIV-1 infection, some peoples pirate flags REALLY piss off their CTLs. (scienceblogs.com)
Seawead (S. fusiforme) inhibits HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme. (greenmedinfo.com)
To expand our arsenal of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection, we investigated aqueous extract from Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) for ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the periphery, in T cells and human macrophages, and for ability to inhibit in the central nervous system (CNS), in microglia and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Infection by pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) was also inhibited in a dose dependant manner, although up to 57% less, as compared to inhibition of native NL4-3, indicating post-entry interferences. (greenmedinfo.com)
CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating S. fusiforme to be a potent inhibitor of highly productive HIV-1 infection and replication in T cells, in primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Absence of cytotoxicity and high viability of treated cells also suggest that S. fusiforme is a potential source of novel naturally occurring antiretroviral compounds that inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication at more than one site of the virus life cycle. (greenmedinfo.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection-enhancing factor in seropositive sera. (duke.edu)
Lack of strong immune selection pressure by the immunodominant, HLA-A 0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. (anaspec.com)
Agent: HIVs Including HTLV-III, LAV, HIV-1, and HIV-2 In the period 1984-1986, several health-care workers (HCWs) who had no recognized risk behavior for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported to have HIV infection (10-15). (cdc.gov)
These and other reports assessed the risk of work-related HIV infection for all HCWs as being very low (3,6,10-12,14-18). (cdc.gov)
None of the persons exposed in these episodes had developed antibody to HIV or had clinical signs of infection 18 and 20 months, respectively, after the reported exposure. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms related to acute HIV infection (when a person is first infected) can be similar to the flu or other viral illnesses. (medlineplus.gov)
Acute HIV infection (Stage 1) progresses over a few weeks to months to become chronic or asymptomatic HIV infection (Stage 2) (no symptoms). (medlineplus.gov)
Thus far, there is no experimental or clinical evidence that any vaccine will be able to completely prevent HIV infection. (aerzteblatt.de)
Cells armed with the nuclease-RNA combination proved impervious to HIV infection, the research states. (rt.com)
Natural killer cell responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in people living with HIV-1. (harvard.edu)
Has HIV-2 infection. (ucsf.edu)
Genetic subtype C of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) has established foci of infection in India and in at least eight African countries, and is expected to contribute significantly to the global pandemic. (pitt.edu)
These data suggest that immunization with MVA.HIVA is a feasible strategy to enhance potentially protective T-cell responses in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Soon after an individual's initial infection with HIV, damage to brain volume and cortical thickness progressively worsens until anti-retroviral treatment is started, a new study shows. (scitechdaily.com)
We knew HIV could cause neurological damage, but we did not know it happened so early in the infection," said Serena Spudich, professor of neurology at Yale and co-senior author of the paper published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. (scitechdaily.com)
An estimated 36.7 million people live with the infection but less than half have access to combination anti-retroviral treatment, which has extended the lifespan of millions of HIV patients. (scitechdaily.com)
Reference: "Longitudinal Trajectories of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in Treated and Untreated Primary HIV Infection" by Ryan Sanford, Beau M Ances, Dieter J Meyerhoff, Richard W Price, Dietmar Fuchs, Henrik Zetterberg, Serena Spudich and D Louis Collins, 24 April 2018, Clinical Infectious Diseases . (scitechdaily.com)
What is the relationship between demographic variables and the occurrence of HIV infection? (wizzley.com)
The high prevalence of recurrent malaria, tuberculosis, chronic helminth infections, and water-borne pathogens in developing countries may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in persons living in such regions [ 1,2 ]. (lww.com)
Using small interfering RNA-based library screening in interferon-α-treated cells, we sought to characterize further interferon-stimulated genes that target the pre-integration phases of HIV-1 infection, and identified human tripartite-containing motif 5α (TRIM5α) as a potent anti-HIV-1 restriction factor. (kcl.ac.uk)
Here, we demonstrate that interferon-α-mediated stimulation of the immunoproteasome, a proteasome isoform mainly present in immune cells and distinguished from the constitutive proteasome by virtue of its different catalytic β-subunits, as well as the proteasome activator 28 regulatory complex11-13, and the associated accelerated turnover of TRIM5α underpin the reprogramming of human TRIM5α for effective capsid-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 DNA synthesis and infection. (kcl.ac.uk)
These observations identify a mechanism for regulating human TRIM5α antiviral function in human cells and rationalize how TRIM5α participates in the immune control of HIV-1 infection. (kcl.ac.uk)
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can result in immunosuppression, allowing opportunistic pathogens to cause disease. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 , 3 ] These opportunistic infections were a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection before the development of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and still occur today, mostly in infected individuals who are not receiving ART. (medscape.com)
Please see HIV Infection and AIDS . (medscape.com)
Patients with HIV infection are at a greater risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, due to the common route of transmission. (medscape.com)
Patients with HIV infection are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis , hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma than patients diagnosed with only chronic HBV infection. (medscape.com)
Treatment of HIV infection may improve the virologic, histologic, and clinical evolution of chronic HBV infection. (medscape.com)
however, the immune response to HBV vaccine is lower in patients with HIV infection than in uninfected patients, and postvaccination HBsAg must be tested to document immunity. (medscape.com)
In patients with HIV and HBV coinfection, HBV infection should be treated only in conjunction with HIV infection. (medscape.com)
Treatment of HBV infection alone without addressing the HIV infection will lead to emergence of HIV strains that are resistant to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (medscape.com)
4-6 Therefore, HIV-1 nucleic acid testing can be more sensitive than standard serologic testing in detection of acute infection. (cepheid.com)
The need for a highly sensitive HIV qualitative test to detect HIV infection early in high risk and vulnerable populations is greater than ever. (cepheid.com)
Should we treat acute HIV infection? (cepheid.com)
Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (cepheid.com)
High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. (cepheid.com)
More importantly, antitat also inhibited virus activation and replication in blood immune cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) taken from actual patients with HIV infection. (sciencedaily.com)
Further studies will be needed to demonstrate whether this approach will be effective in patients with HIV infection. (sciencedaily.com)
If treatment is interrupted, the latent HIV infection rebounds into active infection. (sciencedaily.com)
HA444 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg with virologic suppression to HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies/mL on their current combination antiretroviral therapy for more than three months. (who.int)
HIV-1) infection in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg with virologic suppression to HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies/mL on their current combination antiretroviral therapy for more than three months. (who.int)
HA444 trade name] should be prescribed by a physician experienced in the management of HIV infection. (who.int)
Although the current data show that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is stabilizing, statistics still report an unacceptably high level of infection and progress is uneven in many countries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Public Health Agency of Canada has estimated that the number of new cases of HIV infection in Canada in 2014 was 2570 (range 1950-3200), marginally lower than in previous reports. (cmaj.ca)
Importantly, although treatment as prevention could include all strategies that use antiretroviral medications to prevent HIV transmission, here we use the term to refer to use of these medications by people in whom HIV infection has been diagnosed and the effect of such therapy on HIV transmission to sexual partners. (cmaj.ca)
In prior monkeypox outbreaks in Nigeria, co-infection with HIV was associated with worse clinical outcomes, including severe manifestations of monkeypox, hospitalization, and death.2 Providers should also consider othe r immunocompromising conditions * and medications that may increase risk of severe manifestation of monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
The estimated prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States population is an important measure of the extent of the medical and financial burden the nation faces because of this virus. (cdc.gov)
HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)

Over the past century, several pathogenic viruses have entered the human population, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). (fredhutch.org)
Salminen, MO and Johansson, B and Sönnerborg, A and Ayehunie, S and Gotte, D and Leinikki, P and Burke, DS and McCutchan, FE (1996) Full-length sequence of an Ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate of genetic subtype C. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 12 (14). (pitt.edu)
Expansion and diversification of virus-specific T cells following immunization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara/HIV-1 Gag vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Affordable therapeutic strategies that induce sustained control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and are tailored to the developing world are urgently needed. (ox.ac.uk)
The replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is naturally inhibited by interferon, with the steps between viral entry and chromosomal integration of viral DNA being notably susceptible2-5. (kcl.ac.uk)
All specimens were tested using the Synthetic Peptide Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Genetic Systems HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA) for the detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or type 2 (HIV-1 or HIV-2) or both (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA). (cdc.gov)

Potent, broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) may be invaluable for the design of an AIDS vaccine. (rcsb.org)
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that there were 200 000 persons living with HIV in Pakistan (1), a country with a population of 207 million (2). (who.int)
The Sindh Provincial Department of Health, in coordination with the District Commissioner in Larkana and the Sindh AIDS Control Programme (SACP), began a major campaign to test people for HIV at the Taluka Headquarters Hospital in Ratodero, including the testing of hundreds of children (13). (who.int)
Because their CTLs get so worked up, HIV-1 infected cells are slaughtered, lowering viral loads, thus slowing progression to AIDS. (scienceblogs.com)
Certain MHC I types are associated with better HIV/AIDS prognosis. (scienceblogs.com)
The thoughts are kind of swirling, but let me see if I can sort of make sense out of the question that's formulating in my head here: if this trend continues, is there any reasonable way of estimating how quickly HIV may eventually progress to AIDS? (scienceblogs.com)
AFR.RC54.14 Rev.1 Improving Acc.Care Tret.HIV.AIDS. (who.int)
1. HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the African Region. (who.int)
Despite these constraints, countries and international partners have renewed their determination to expand access to HIV/AIDS care and treatment. (who.int)
The Regional Office for Africa aims to prolong the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by providing guidance on implementing The 3 by 5 Initiative. (who.int)
Implementing these interventions for care and treatment should not detract from prevention as the most important, key response to HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
5. The implementation of the strategies and interventions discussed in this document will significantly contribute to improving access to care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in the African Region. (who.int)
6. The Regional Committee is requested to review and adopt these orientations for improving access to care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in the African Region. (who.int)
1. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is the greatest health crisis the world is facing today, thwarting development and jeopardizing national security in developing countries through the premature death of millions of adults in their economically productive years. (who.int)
2. Comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) involves a number of important components. (who.int)
ART is essential in the response to the morbidity and mortality caused by HIV/AIDS and is critical for prolonging life. (who.int)
3. Provision of care and treatment in most African countries has been limited due to the high cost of medicines and diagnostics, inadequate health delivery infrastructure and laboratory facilities, and limited human resources due to brain drain and attrition related to HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
4. The Regional Committee has responded to the HIV/AIDS crisis by passing a number of resolutions2 on prevention, care and control of HIV in order to stimulate country action. (who.int)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (medlineplus.gov)
If they are not treated, almost all people infected with HIV will develop AIDS (Stage 3). (medlineplus.gov)
People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by HIV. (medlineplus.gov)
Die Infektion mit HIV f hrt nach mehreren Jahren klinischer Latenz zur Entwicklung des erworbenen Immunschw chesyndroms (Aids) und Tod durch opportunistische Infektionen, Tumoren, Enzephalopathie oder Schwindsucht (wasting disease) ( 20 ). (aerzteblatt.de)
To describe recent trends in HIV disease and testing in DC, DCDOH used several indicators, including 1) AIDS diagnoses, 2) the proportion of persons entering HIV care within 3 months of diagnosis, 3) client-level data on publicly funded HIV testing data, collected through the Program Evaluation and Monitoring System (PEMS), and 4) the prevalence of self-reported HIV testing among participants in the 2005 and 2007 BRFSS. (cdc.gov)
AIDS diagnosis currently is the best indicator for the status of the HIV epidemic in DC. (cdc.gov)
Since 1981, DCDOH has required that all laboratories and health-care providers report confirmed cases of AIDS by name, including HIV-related laboratory data and clinical diagnostic information ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Only in November 2006 did DC begin integrated, confidential, named-based HIV and AIDS reporting, and no name-based HIV diagnosis data are yet available. (cdc.gov)
Since the start of AIDS reporting, DCDOH has received laboratory reports of CD4+ cell counts, and in more recent years, HIV viral load tests, and has matched these reports to HIV case surveillance data. (cdc.gov)
Worldwide, there are approximately 37 million people with HIV/AIDS, and approximately 50,000 new cases occur each year in the United States. (wizzley.com)
HIV protease (PR) is identified as an important drug-screening target for the design of selective acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) therapeutics. (eurogentec.com)
1) WHO HIV/AIDs Key Facts updates 6th July 2020 Accessed July 2020. (cepheid.com)
The limit of detection (LOD) of the HIV-1 Qual test was determined for both WB and DBS procedures by testing two different HIV-1 subtype B reference standards including the Viral Quality Assurance Laboratory (VQA) reference material of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the WHO 3rd International Standard NIBSC code 10/152 diluted in HIV-1 negative EDTA WB. (cepheid.com)
The study by UNAIDS , the UN agency working to stamp out HIV and AIDS, outlines how the world can leverage and build resilient health systems that address both pandemics. (un.org)
Leveraging of the HIV infrastructure and workforce has helped to mitigate what might have been a far worse situation", said José M. Zuniga, President/Chief Executive Officer of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, co-organizers of the conference. (un.org)
Some of the world's most marginalized and defenseless communities have fallen victim to violence and other rights abuses during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting the UN agency dedicated to tackling the AIDS virus to urge Governments to protect the most vulnerable, particularly key populations at higher risk of HIV. (un.org)
A study conducted in cell cultures, headed by a research team at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, has shown that inserting a beneficial gene into blood immune cells taken from patients infected with HIV blocked the AIDS virus from replicating in those cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Interpreting the right to life, the HRC has recommended that Namibia " pursue efforts to protect its population from HIV/AIDS" and "adopt comprehensive measures encouraging and facilitating greater numbers of persons suffering from HIV and AIDS to obtain adequate antiretroviral treatment and facilitate such treatment. (hhrguide.org)
Recommending that Uganda " allow greater number of persons suffering from HIV/AIDS to obtain adequate antiretroviral treatment. (hhrguide.org)
The applicant argued that the decision to remove him from the U.K. where he receives antiretroviral drugs to control his case of HIV to St. Kitts where he would likely be unable to obtain antiretroviral drugs necessary to prevent his death from HIV/AIDS-related illness would violate Art. (hhrguide.org)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
Literature about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa was systematically searched in Pubmed, Medscape, and Psycinfo up to March 31, 2009. (hindawi.com)
The material was analyzed using Gilmore and Somerville's (1994) four processes of stigmatizing responses: the definition of the problem HIV/AIDS, identification of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), linking HIV/AIDS to immorality and other negative characteristics, and finally behavioural consequences of stigma (distancing, isolation, discrimination in care). (hindawi.com)
It was found that the cultural construction of HIV/AIDS, based on beliefs about contamination, sexuality, and religion, plays a crucial role and contributes to the strength of distancing reactions and discrimination in society. (hindawi.com)
More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended. (hindawi.com)
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease. (hindawi.com)
One of the barriers to reaching those who are at risk or infected with HIV/AIDS is stigma [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although the reaction to PLWHA varies, with some PLWHA receiving support which positively affects them, HIV/AIDS stigma negatively affects seeking HIV testing, seeking care after diagnosis, quality of care given to HIV patients, and finally the negative perception and treatment of PLWHA by their communities and families, including partners [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa, the origins and contents of stigma, contributing factors and the gender dimension of stigma. (hindawi.com)
another search with "HIV/AIDS'', "discrimination'' and "Africa'' gave an additional 192 abstracts (Medline 73, PsycInfo 15, and Pubmed 104). (hindawi.com)
The draft global action plan covers antibiotic resistance in most detail but also refers, where appropriate, to existing action plans for viral, parasitic and bacterial diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.1 Many of the actions proposed in this plan are equally applicable to antifungal resistance. (who.int)
Noting resolutions 2001/33 and 2003/29 of the Commission on Human Rights on access to medicines in the context of pandemics such as HIV/AIDS, 1. (who.int)

However, despite infections with these related lentiviruses, non-human primates generally suffer much less pathogenesis from these viral infections than do human infected with HIV-1. (fredhutch.org)
After identifying more pediatric HIV infections, SACP established 5 additional provisional testing facilities at various primary healthcare sites in the district. (who.int)
We optimized a machine learning model to classify infections as 1 year based on viral genetic diversity , demographic, and clinical data. (bvsalud.org)
Certain opportunistic infections (OIs) are associated with increases in viral load, which may accelerate HIV progression or increase transmission of HIV. (medscape.com)
It is intended for professional use as an aid in the diagnosis of HIV infections. (artronlab.com)
2 Acute HIV infections typically last less than 14 days 3 and are associated with high levels of viremia prior to a detectable immune response. (cepheid.com)
Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. (hindawi.com)

Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. (plos.org)
18 constructs expressing various subtypes C and CRF01_AE Envs, mostly acute, in subtype-matched and -unmatched HIV backbones were tested for functionality and neutralization sensitivity. (plos.org)
Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)
ABON HIV 1/2/O Tri-Line, is a rapid immunochromatographic assay, HIV 1/2/O tri-line for the qualitative detection of antibodies to HIV-1, including subtype O, and HIV-2. (who.int)
PGT121 is a monoclonal antibody isolated in 2011 from an African donor infected with HIV-1 subtype A, whose sera had demonstrated superior neutralization breadth and potency in an observational cohort, and so was considered an 'elite neutralizer' 9 . (nature.com)
Archived rilpivirine-associated resistance mutations among ART-naive and virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana: implications for cabotegravir/rilpivirine use. (harvard.edu)
Here we report the first almost full-length sequence of a subtype C HIV-1 from Ethiopia. (pitt.edu)
The extra NF-kB site was found in all other Ethiopian strains analyzed, as well as in subtype C viruses from Zambia, suggesting it is typical for the C-subtype of HIV-1. (pitt.edu)
Subtype C viruses circulating in Ethiopia exhibit the low interisolate diversity typical of other, newly established HIV-1 epidemics, and C2220 is both representative of Ethiopian subtype C viruses and a suitable prototype for the development of vaccines against HIV-1 subtype C. (pitt.edu)
We analysed the association between the following factors and LLV using multivariable logistic regression: sex, age, pre-ART VL and CD4 count, ART regimen, country of birth, HIV-1 subtype and transmission category. (lu.se)

Seven-day-old MDMs were infected with HIV-1 R3A PTAP − YP − for a further 7 days, fixed and processed for cryosection immunolabelling with antibodies against p24/55, and protein A-gold as in Fig. 4 . (biomedcentral.com)
Several bNAbs have been tested to date in HIV-1-infected individuals, including the CD4-binding, site-specific antibodies VRC01, 3BNC117, VRC07-523LS and N6-LS, the V3-glycan-specific antibody 10-1074 and the V2-apex-specific antibodies PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25 (refs. (nature.com)
Predicted resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated HIV-1 envelope characteristics among seroconverting adults in Botswana. (harvard.edu)
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunological activity of dual-combinations and triple-combinations of anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies PGT121, PGDM1400, 10-1074, and VRC07-523LS administered intravenously to HIV-uninfected adults: a phase 1 randomised trial. (harvard.edu)
Artron One Step Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1/2 (HIV1/2) Antibody Test is a rapid and convenient immunochromatographic assay used for the qualitative detection of antibodies against HIV type 1 and type 2 in human serum, plasma, or blood samples. (artronlab.com)
Artron One Step HIV 1/2 antibody test is an antibody-capture immunochromatographic assay, that detects the presence of HIV1/2 antibodies in blood samples. (artronlab.com)
The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit, when used as directed, will detect antibodies to HIV-1 when present in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
During incubation, if HIV-1 antibodies are present in the specimen, they will bind to the viral antigens bound to the nitrocellulose strips. (cdc.gov)
If antibodies to any of the major HIV-1 antigens are present in the specimen in sufficient concentration, bands corresponding to the position of one or more of the following HIV-1 proteins (p) or glycoproteins (gp) will be seen on the nitrocellulose strip: p17, p24, p31, gp41, p51, p66, gp120, gp160 (number refers to apparent molecular mass in kilodaltons). (cdc.gov)

Antiviral Efficacy of the Novel Compound BIT225 against HIV-1 Release from Human Macrophages a? (monash.edu)
The editing process was successful in several cell types that can harbor HIV-1, including microglia and macrophages, as well as T-lymphocytes. (rt.com)
Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)

Moreover, they showed that the protease from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-precursor of HIV-1-, SIVcpz from chimpanzees, was able to cleave human CARD8, but not chimpanzee CARD8. (fredhutch.org)
1 HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. (cdc.gov)
Products derived from natural sources have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication during various stages of the virus life cycle, and therefore represent a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. (greenmedinfo.com)
To investigate at which point of the virus life cycle this inhibition occurs, we infected T cells and CD4-negative primary human astrocytes with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which bypasses the HIV receptor requirements. (greenmedinfo.com)
While testing sera for Human Immunodeficiency Virus neutralizing antibody titers, three sera were identified which had the ability to enhance infectivity of the virus. (duke.edu)
The findings suggest that the substance is neither a virus nor an IgG class 1 or 2. (duke.edu)
Such a statement for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (called HTLV-III/LAV when the Guidelines were published) was published in MMWR in 1986 (2). (cdc.gov)
BSL 2 and 3 laboratory descriptions are included because they are recommended for laboratory personnel working with HIV, depending on the concentration or quantity of virus or the type of laboratory procedures used. (cdc.gov)
In 1985, anecdotal reports were received indicating that workers in two different HIV-reagent-production laboratories had been exposed to droplets and splashed liquid from a vessel containing concentrated virus. (cdc.gov)
When a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus attacks and weakens the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
During this period, the person might have no reason to suspect they have HIV, but they can spread the virus to others. (medlineplus.gov)
US scientists have physically cut the HIV virus out of infected cells by using enzymes. (rt.com)
The cell, now free of the HIV virus, then repairs itself. (rt.com)
The HIV virus operates by permanently inserting its genome into a patient's DNA, forcing them into a lifelong drugs regimen of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to control the disease. (rt.com)
But, although the HAART treatment allows people to live a relatively normal life, there are growing problems of HIV drug resistance and the virus becomes active again if treatment is ever stopped. (rt.com)
Scientists have been struggling to find a cure for HIV for more than three decades, but the virus' ability to " replicate unrelentingly despite everything the immune system can throw at it ," have made a cure an elusive goal, according to virologist Ron Desrosiers. (rt.com)
Since HIV-1 is never cleared by the immune system, removal of the virus is required in order to cure the disease, " said Khalili. (rt.com)
There is also a worry that the genetic diversity of the HIV virus - it is prone to mutations - may mean that treatment has to be tailored towards each strand of the virus. (rt.com)
Alterations in gp120 glycans or the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region modulate the stability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein pretriggered conformation. (harvard.edu)
This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a switch to MK-8591A (a fixed dose combination of doravirine and islatravir) in human immunodeficiency virus -1 (HIV-1)-infected participants virologically suppressed on a regimen of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). (ucsf.edu)
Clone C2220, 9031 nt in length, was derived by long PCR amplification of proviral DNA from virus cultured on primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and contains all but 74 nt of the unique sequence information of the HIV-1 genome. (pitt.edu)
In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the changes in virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses occurring after vaccination of 16 HIV-1-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored vaccine expressing the consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 sequences and multiple CD8(+) T-cell epitopes during highly active antiretroviral therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
In the District of Columbia (DC), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case rate is nearly 10 times the U.S. rate and higher than comparable U.S. cities, such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Detroit, and Chicago ( 1,2 ). (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus is a global public health crisis. (wizzley.com)
Specifically, it will be an examination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and how interactions between patients and the health care system can lead to disparity or inequities. (wizzley.com)
Unlike the capsids of many other viruses, those of HIV have irregular structures that rapidly fall apart once removed from the virus. (elifesciences.org)
Immunomagnetic HIV-1 capture analysis was used to determine the cellular origin of cell-free virus particles present in all 30 plasma samples and indices of immune activation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (lww.com)
All patients with HBV/HIV coinfection must be assessed for hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunity and vaccinated if negative. (medscape.com)
Additionally, 17 HIV treatment reference centres in Morocco, are being used in the first line of response for treating disease caused by the virus. (un.org)
In collaboration with Julianna Lisziewicz, Ph.D., of the Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy in Washington, D.C., the researchers took advantage of the fact that an HIV gene called tat is essential for the virus to replicate in the infected cells. (sciencedaily.com)
HAART, a combination of drugs, decreases HIV replication to undetectable levels in many patients, confining the virus in a latent state. (sciencedaily.com)
The public face of HIV is well-known: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus that particularly preys on gay men, African Americans, drug users, and just about all of Africa, although we re all at risk. (whale.to)
In 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The pathogens that are of the most concern include human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). (cdc.gov)
The combination of electrophoretic separation of complex mixtures of antigens with the highly sensitive immunoblotting technique has been useful in characterizing the antigenic profile of HIV-1 and describing the immune response to this virus in exposed or infected persons. (cdc.gov)

Standardized assays to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy are critical for the development of protective HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. (plos.org)
Basic and clinical research institutions in Germany are increasingly involved in HIV vaccine development. (aerzteblatt.de)
Inadequate structural constraint on Fab approach rather than paratope elicitation limits HIV-1 MPER vaccine utility. (harvard.edu)
Vaccine-driven CD8(+) T-cell expansions were also detected by tetramer reactivity, predominantly in the CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) or CD45RA(-) CCR7(-) compartments, and persisted for at least 1 year. (ox.ac.uk)

SensoLyte® 490 HIV Protease Assay Kit Fluorimet. (eurogentec.com)
The SensoLyte® 490 HIV Protease Assay Kit uses an optimized FRET peptide substrate for a continuous measurement of HIV protease activities. (eurogentec.com)
Eligible individuals who refused phlebotomy or who did not have a sufficient blood sample for the serum HIV assay but who did not refuse HIV testing had their urine tested for HIV type 1 antibody using the Calypte HIV-1 Urine EIA. (cdc.gov)

Indeed, antigen-presenting cells are important reservoirs of HIV-1 [ 16,17 ] and induction of HIV-1 replication within these cells may contribute significantly to the cofactor effect of confections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (lww.com)

Here we describe two IMCs derived from subtypes C and CRF01_AE HIV-1 primary isolates expressing LucR (IMC.LucR) that were engineered to express heterologous gp160 Envs. (plos.org)
This clone resembles HIV-1 isolates of subtypes A, B, and D in its genome organization with one notable exception: the core promoter contains not two, but three potential binding sites for the transcription factor NF-kB. (pitt.edu)
The phylogenetic relationship of C2220 to other HIV-1 isolates is also presented. (pitt.edu)
It isolates people from the community and affects the overall quality of life of HIV patients [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The HIV-1 genome contains a single promoter and uses multiple reading frames and alternative splicing to encode 15 proteins from a single pre-mRNA species. (wikipedia.org)
Full-length HIV genome sequencing was performed from proviral deoxyribonucleic acid . (bvsalud.org)
The HIV-1 Tat protein is a transcription factor with 86 or 101 residues that is essential for trans-activating transcription of the HIV-1 viral genome. (oncotarget.com)

Assembly of this Rev-RRE complex is followed by the recruitment of a human protein complex containing the proteins exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1) and Ran-GTP. (wikipedia.org)
When treated with SMX-SA, HIV-1 Tat expression in Jurkat cells induced greater level of oxidative stress than the control cell lines by altering the activity of cellular proteins required for homeostasis. (oncotarget.com)
Using the SIV model, investigators have found that uncontrolled viral replication leads to HIV-1 Tat mediated activation of FOXO3 which in turn leads to the down regulation of anti-apoptosis proteins such as gene B-cell lymphoma 2 and up-regulation of the pro-apoptosis gene Bcl-2-like 11. (oncotarget.com)
We applied this framework to improve the identification of interacting pairs between HIV-1 and human proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
Specific HIV-1 proteins are fractionated according to molecular weight by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). (cdc.gov)
The separated HIV-1 proteins are elecrotransferred from gel to a nitrocellulose membrane, which is then washed, blocked (to minimize nonspecific immunoglobulin binding), and packaged. (cdc.gov)
Visualization of the human immunoglobulins specifically bound to HIV-1 proteins is accomplished in situ by using a series of reactions with goat anti-human IgG conjugated with biotin, avidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the HRP substrate 4-chloro-1-naphthol. (cdc.gov)

156 (9.9%) were identified as human genomics/genetics publications. (cdc.gov)
All human genomics/genetics articles were coded according to topic and phase of translational research . (cdc.gov)

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, §1862(a)(1)(A) allows coverage and payment for only those services that are considered to be reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member. (cms.gov)
The proportion of cases that had a CD4 count within 3 months of a new HIV diagnosis was used as an indicator of entry to HIV care. (cdc.gov)
In accordance with national recommendations ( 7 ), DCDOH recommends that the first visit to a health-care provider be within 3 months of HIV diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Plasma samples were obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 10) at diagnosis of acute malaria, 4 weeks after parasite clearance and from HIV-infected aparasitemic controls (n = 10). (lww.com)
Xpert HIV-1 Qual is a qualitative test that provides on-demand molecular testing for early diagnosis. (cepheid.com)

Immune activation and induction of HIV-1 replication within. (lww.com)
To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)
Type 1 interferon suppresses viral replication by upregulating the expression of interferon-stimulated genes with diverse antiviral properties1. (kcl.ac.uk)
Using genetic engineering techniques, the researchers inserted the antitat gene into a mouse retrovirus that can enter cells that are potential sites for HIV replication. (sciencedaily.com)
In those cells, the antitat gene inhibited HIV activation and replication. (sciencedaily.com)

Between 25 April and 27 June 2019, a total of 30 191 persons were tested for HIV in Larkana District, and 876 of them tested positive. (who.int)
In April 2019, the media reported that several children without known risk factors were diagnosed with HIV in the Ratodero Taluka Subdistrict in Larkana District (12). (who.int)
The World Health Organization estimated that 38 million people worldwide were living with HIV at the end of 2019. (cepheid.com)

Having a sexual partner with HIV who is not taking HIV medicines or who has a detectable viral load. (medlineplus.gov)

Title : Agent summary statement for human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) including HTLV-III, LAV, HIV-1, and HIV-2 Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control (U.S.);National Institutes of Health (U.S. (cdc.gov)

The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity in viremic HIV-infected adults not on ART. (nature.com)
3) Because people with HIV-associated immunocompromise are at risk for severe manifestations of monkeypox, the HIV status of all sexually active adults and adolescents with suspected or confirmed monkeypox should be determined. (cdc.gov)

None of the sera induced syncytium formation in chronic HIV-infected cells. (duke.edu)
Eligible subjects are chronic HIV-1 infected patients who have never been treated with antiretroviral treatment and for whom there is no need to start antiretroviral treatment. (druglib.com)

Woman is denied access to post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV following rape. (hhrguide.org)
We do not discuss the use of antiretroviral medication by HIV-negative people (e.g., as pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis). (cmaj.ca)

Hence, we generated T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) specific for HIV-1 by TCR mRNA electroporation. (nih.gov)
But while HIV-1 evolves ways to hide from cytotoxic T-cells, this escape comes at a fitness cost. (scienceblogs.com)
Inhibition was mediated against both CXCR4 (X4) and CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1, was dose dependant and long lasting, did not inhibit cell growth or viability, was not toxic to cells, and was comparable to inhibition by the nucleoside analogue 2', 3'-didoxycytidine (ddC). (greenmedinfo.com)
One of several workers had been cut by glass from a broken carboy that contained HIV-infected cells and medium. (cdc.gov)
T-cells and monocytic cells are the main cell types infected by HIV-1, so they are the most important targets for this technology," Khalili said. (rt.com)
Since CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells are crucial to HIV-1 control, stimulation of potent cellular responses by therapeutic vaccination might be exploited to reduce antiretroviral drug exposure. (ox.ac.uk)
which identifies a molecule found in host cells that stabilizes the capsid of HIV. (elifesciences.org)
One group of target cells consisted of HIV-infected U1 and ACH-2 cells, cell lines used in HIV research because of their resemblance to human blood immune cells latently infected by HIV. (sciencedaily.com)
In this way, the antitat gene therapy might contribute to maintaining HIV in a dormant state in latently infected cells. (sciencedaily.com)
This procedure allows CDC to determine the distribution of CD4 cells in a random sample of HIV-positive individuals. (cdc.gov)
Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)

The HIV agent summary statement does not specifically address safety measures for collecting and handling clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
Is currently participating in or has participated in a clinical study with an investigational compound or device from 45 days prior to Day 1 through the study treatment period. (ucsf.edu)
To implement these recommendations, DCDOH engaged multiple community-based and clinical providers throughout DC to perform rapid HIV screening, launched extensive social marketing campaigns to educate DC residents and providers about routine HIV testing, and trained providers to facilitate immediate linkage to care among those testing HIV-positive ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
The HIV-positive partner was randomly assigned to start antiretroviral therapy immediately or to delay treatment until indicated by existing clinical guidelines. (cmaj.ca)

Participants aged 18-49 years who did not refuse the HIV antibody test and had a blood sample available for CD4+ testing were considered eligible for testing. (cdc.gov)

Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a tubular HIV-1 capsid-protein assembly at 8 Å resolution and the three-dimensional structure of a native HIV-1 core by cryo-electron tomography. (nature.com)

This approach, referred to as 'universal blood and body- fluid precautions' or 'universal precautions,' eliminates the need to identify all patients infected with HIV (or other bloodborne pathogens) (3). (cdc.gov)
GPHPD was screened for CDC/ATSDR-authored publications about human genomics, including articles that assessed non-human genomes (e.g., pathogens, vectors). (cdc.gov)
This resistance to antimicrobial medicines is happening in all parts of the world for a broad range of pathogens, with an increasing prevalence that threatens human and animal health. (who.int)

A new report by UNAIDS examines how the experience of tackling HIV can help inform and guide effective, efficient, people-centred and sustainable #COVID19 responses. (un.org)
The report was released at the start of the two-day Virtual Fast-Track Cities 2020 conference on urban HIV and COVID-19 responses, which concludes on Thursday. (un.org)
However, with current HIV spending substantially off-track, the world urgently needs to increase investments in the responses to both HIV and COVID-19 and not siphon off one to respond to the other. (un.org)

After dose selection at week 24, doravirine 100 mg was provided to participants receiving the other doses of doravirine and additional participants were randomized 1:1 to receive once-daily doravirine 100 mg or efavirenz 600 mg for 96 weeks with TDF/FTC (Part II). (nih.gov)
We tested the algorithm among newly diagnosed participants with or without documented negative HIV tests. (bvsalud.org)
Absolute and relative CD4 + T-cell counts did not change following PGT121 infusion in HIV-infected participants. (nature.com)
PGT121 reduced plasma HIV RNA levels by a median of 1.77 log in viremic participants, with a viral load nadir at a median of 8.5 days. (nature.com)
The primary hypothesis is that a switch to MK-8591A will be non-inferior to continued treatment with BIC/FTC/TAF as assessed by the proportion of participants with HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48. (ucsf.edu)
8 The authors concluded that "[antiretroviral therapy] use by HIV-1 infected participants was associated with a 92% reduction in risk of transmission. (cmaj.ca)

von Kleist M, Metzner P, Marquet R, Schütte C (2012) HIV-1 Polymerase Inhibition by Nucleoside Analogs: Cellular- and Kinetic Parameters of Efficacy, Susceptibility and Resistance Selection. (plos.org)

Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)

The report is entitled COVID-19 and HIV: 1 moment, 2 epidemics, 3 opportunities-how to seize the moment to learn, leverage and build a new way forward for everyone's health and rights . (un.org)

To understand the impact of this species-specific variation at position 60, the authors constructed two versions of the human CARD8 protein in which the human-specific mutation was replaced with the amino acid found in other primates (S60 or L60 instead of F60). (fredhutch.org)
In the presence of the HIV-1 accessory protein Rev, HIV-1 mRNAs that contain the RRE can be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for downstream events such as translation and virion packaging. (wikipedia.org)
One of these small, 2kb messages encodes the HIV-1 Rev protein which is imported into the nucleus via its nuclear localization sequence. (wikipedia.org)
The HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent activator of viral transcription. (oncotarget.com)
Their work suggests that HIV-1 Tat expression leads to perturbations in cellular protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
Cryo-EM structural data have been deposited in the EMDataBank under accession codesEMD-5582 andEMD-5639, and the MDFF atomic model of the CA HOH and models of HIV-1 capsid have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession numbers 3J34 , 3J3Q , 3J3Y . (nature.com)
Structure of the amino-terminal core domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. (nature.com)
Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein. (nature.com)
Structure of the HIV-1 full-length capsid protein in a conformationally trapped unassembled state induced by small-molecule binding. (nature.com)

It can readily be embedded in extended models of the complete HIV-1 reverse transcription process, or analogous processes in other viruses and help to guide drug development and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development during treatment. (plos.org)
Initial data collected by SACP from HIV treatment centres showed that 94% of mothers of HIV-positive children were HIV negative, suggesting that the primary mode of transmission was not perinatal. (who.int)
2. The main impediments to comprehensive care and treatment have been inadequacies in funding, human resources, medicines and diagnostic technologies. (who.int)
Testing and treatment of HIV-positive mothers has helped lower the number of babies getting HIV. (medlineplus.gov)
In treatment-naive patients with HIV/HBV coinfection, a regimen containing TDF plus FTC or TDF plus 3TC should be used as the backbone of HIV therapy. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVE: Low-level viraemia (LLV) occurs in some people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and has been linked to inferior treatment outcomes. (lu.se)
Government places unjustified legal restrictions on access to life-saving HIV-prevention or treatment measures. (hhrguide.org)
The potential for antiretroviral therapy to reduce HIV transmission, a strategy known as "treatment as prevention," 1 - 4 is important in light of unrelenting HIV transmission. (cmaj.ca)
What evidence supports HIV treatment as prevention? (cmaj.ca)
In total, 27 phylogenetically linked HIV transmissions occurred: 1 in the group with immediate antiretroviral therapy and 26 in the delayed-treatment group (with all transmissions occurring before initiation of antiretroviral therapy). (cmaj.ca)
An important caveat to this study is that it examined the effect of antiretroviral therapy on HIV transmission in the context of consistent condom use, not the effect of treatment alone. (cmaj.ca)
In immunocompromised people, monkeypox treatment should include optimizing immune function by limiting the use of immunosuppressive medications if not otherwise clinically indicated, and, for those with HIV, providing antiretroviral therapy. (cdc.gov)
The indirect impact of antimicrobial resistance, however, extends beyond increased health risks and encompasses economic losses due to reduced productivity caused by sickness (of both human beings and animals) and higher costs of treatment. (who.int)

The researcher's previous work has demonstrated that exosomal formulations of Tat can reverse HIV-1 latency in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from long term antiretroviral treated individuals suggesting a potential role for Tat as a therapeutic HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agent. (oncotarget.com)
These data suggest that further investigation of the potential of antibody-based therapeutic strategies for long-term suppression of HIV is warranted, including in individuals off ART and with low viral load. (nature.com)

BACKGROUND: The high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. (greenmedinfo.com)

Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a secondary analysis of the HPTN 083 trial. (harvard.edu)

These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. (plos.org)
The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins are produced as a 160 kDa polyprotein that is subsequently processed to yield virion-associated, trimeric complexes of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)

Adoptive TCR transfer against rapidly mutating targets, such as HIV-1 or cancer, must counteract corresponding immune escape. (nih.gov)
PGT121 targets a V3-glycan-dependent site on HIV-1 Env 9 . (nature.com)

The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Not counting the effect of secondary disease states, over the next 20 years, unipolar depression is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide and the leading cause of disability in high-income nations, including the United States. (medscape.com)
Moreover, the strong associations between certain HLA class molecules, such as HLA-B*57, HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*51, and slow disease progression may decline as the epidemic continues, particularly where these HLA alleles are highly prevalent, and where HIV transmission rates are high. (scienceblogs.com)
In 1984, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in consultation with experts from academic institutions, industry, and government, published the book Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories ('Guidelines')** (1). (cdc.gov)
To describe recent trends in HIV disease and testing, CDC and DCDOH analyzed DC HIV case surveillance data, HIV testing data, and data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: Among Swedish PWH, LLV during ART was associated with markers of HIV disease severity before starting ART, male sex, injecting drug use and use of PI-based or non-standard ART regimens. (lu.se)
These results suggest that, with further work, this technique may keep HIV-infected patients free of disease symptoms," said the study's senior author, Wenzhe Ho, M.D., of the Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. (sciencedaily.com)
The journals that review HIV tests, drugs and patients, as well as the instructional material from medical schools, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and HIV test manufacturers will agree with the public perception in the large print. (whale.to)
To guide implementation, it is important to assess the current landscape of human genomics work at CDC and ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). (cdc.gov)
Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). (msdmanuals.com)

Jessie Kulsuptrakul, a graduate student mentored by Drs. Michael Emerman (Fred Hutch) and Patrick Mitchell (UW Microbiology), sought to identify if the cleavage of CARD8 by lentiviral protease, leading to activation of an inflammatory response and cell death, is unique to humans. (fredhutch.org)
The HIV-1 protease directly cleaves between amino acids at positions 59-60. (fredhutch.org)
Humans are unique in that their CARD8 is able to sense the protease encoded by these viruses" Jessie explains. (fredhutch.org)

The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4 + T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. (nature.com)

Incubation of the recombinant HIV-1 PR with this substrate results in specific cleavage and a time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity that is linearly related to the extent of substrate hydrolysis. (eurogentec.com)

The best predictive model included variables for genetic diversity of HIV-1 gag, pol, and env, viral load , age, sex , and ART status. (bvsalud.org)
Any specimen that reacted in an initial test was retested in duplicate with the Genetic Systems HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. (cdc.gov)

4E10 is the broadest HIV-1 nAb known to date and recognizes a contiguous and highly conserved helical epitope in the membrane-proximal region of gp41. (rcsb.org)
However, studies have suggested a more complex role of the gp41 endodomain [ 11 , 12 ], showing neutralization of HIV-1 by Abs directed to an epitope in CT of gp41 [ 13 - 15 ]. (plos.org)
Specific HIV1/2 antigens, GP41 and GP 36, are 1) conjugated with colloidal gold and deposited on the conjugate pad and 2) immobilized on test zone (T) on the nitrocellulose membrane, respectively. (artronlab.com)

To address continuing racial disparities, DCDOH has increased HIV education and prevention efforts through enhanced collaborations, working with DC residents as spokespersons for local marketing campaigns and creating toolkits for health-care providers to expand HIV testing and linkage to care ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
Through mathematical modeling, we assess the mechanisms by which HIV-1 can develop resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (plos.org)
We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
The interferon-stimulated gene myxovirus resistance 2 has been defined as an effective postentry inhibitor of HIV-1, but is only partially responsible for interferon's suppressive effect6-8. (kcl.ac.uk)
The development of this draft global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, requested by the Health Assembly in resolution WHA67.25 in May 2014, reflects a global consensus that antimicrobial resistance poses a profound threat to human health. (who.int)

100,000 copies/ml) and randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive once-daily doravirine (25, 50, 100 or 200 mg) or efavirenz 600 mg (Part I) for up to 96 weeks, with open-label tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg (TDF/FTC). (nih.gov)
Several antiretroviral agents, such as emtricitabine (FTC), lamivudine (3TC), and tenofovir, have activity against HIV and HBV, whereasile others, such as entecavir , have limited activity against HIV but lead to the development of HIV-resistant strains if used alone. (medscape.com)
Comment: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir is a complete regimen for HIV and should not be administered with other antiretrovirals. (medscape.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms6

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology35

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena17

Humanities2

Information Science8

Named Groups15

Health Care72

Geographicals34

Infection69

Immunodeficiency virus type6

AIDS50

Infections7

Subtype10

Antibodies9

Macrophages4

Virus35

Vaccine4

Assay3

Antigen1

Isolates4

Genome3

Proteins7

Genetics2

Diagnosis5

Replication6

20193

Detectable1

HTLV-III1

Adults2

Chronic2

Post-exposure pr2

Cells11

Clinical4

Antibody test1

Cryo-Electron T1

Pathogens3

Responses3

Participants6

Inhibition1

Detection1

Epidemics1

Protein9

Treatment13

Therapeutic2

Mutation1

Efficacy1

Envelope2

Targets2

Disease10

Protease3

Sequence1

Incubation1

Genetic2

Gp413

Prevention1

Resistance5

Emtricitabine3