Human glial cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GDNF gene. (wikipedia.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to interact with GFRA1 and GDNF family receptor alpha 1. (wikipedia.org)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
Lin LF, Doherty DH, Lile JD, Bektesh S, Collins F: GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (drugbank.com)
Baecker PA, Lee WH, Verity AN, Eglen RM, Johnson RM: Characterization of a promoter for the human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene. (drugbank.com)
Haniu M, Hui J, Young Y, Le J, Katta V, Lee R, Shimamoto G, Rohde MF: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: selective reduction of the intermolecular disulfide linkage and characterization of its disulfide structure. (drugbank.com)
Angrist M, Bolk S, Halushka M, Lapchak PA, Chakravarti A: Germline mutations in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and RET in a Hirschsprung disease patient. (drugbank.com)
Exploring the potential of human-derived cell lines and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for network inhibition. (lu.se)
2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)

The researchers then manipulated the iPSCs so they turned into glial progenitor cells, or the cells in the body that give rise to glial cells. (livescience.com)
The researchers transplanted the glial progenitor cells into the brains of young mice. (livescience.com)
This resulted in "chimeric" mice, meaning they had regular mouse neurons but human glial progenitor cells. (livescience.com)
We found that SOX9 is almost exclusively expressed by astrocytes in the adult brain except for ependymal cells and in the neurogenic regions, where SOX9 is also expressed by neural progenitor cells. (jneurosci.org)
Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. (nature.com)
[ 18 ] Arylsulfatase A deficiency leads to defective glial and neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I and II) explores reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts and human glial progenitor cells into GABAergic interneurons in 2D cultures. (lu.se)

Amniotic epithelial cells were known to express some of neuronal and glial cell markers (Sakuragawa et al. (scielo.org.ar)

While a main role of glial cells is to support neurons in the central nervous system, studies have shown that glial cells also help to summon immune cells to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dr Grace said animal studies over the past 30 years had shown that glial cells in the immune system release neurotransmitters that stimulate pain neurones. (abc.net.au)

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
Based on the neurotropism exerted by amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium, a diffusible neurotrophic factor produced by them had been suggested as a possible cause apart from direct cell-to-cell effects (Uchida et al. (scielo.org.ar)
2001) had found amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium showed neurotrophic effect on rat embryonic day 18 (E18) cortical neurons. (scielo.org.ar)

Astrocytes may be recognized as such by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), aquaporin-4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1, and other proteins. (jneurosci.org)

It can be secreted by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, motor neurons, and skeletal muscle during the development and growth of neurons and other peripheral cells. (wikipedia.org)
Won-suk Chung , a postdoc in in Ben Barres' lab at Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, studies astrocytes-the most common glial cell in the brain. (alzforum.org)
Using confocal microscopy, the researchers saw astrocytes engulfing axon terminals and synapses on these retinal cells. (alzforum.org)
Unlike wild-type cells, astrocytes in the MEGF10- and MERTK-deficient mice ingested no synaptic components and the visual system of these animals failed to mature, suggesting that phagocytosis of synapses contributes to development of the retina. (alzforum.org)
Using machine learning techniques, the regional and state dependent heterogeneity in human astrocytes is better understood and leveraged to help to define the role of these cells in disease and identify cell type specific targets for drug discovery. (itbusinessnet.com)
In addition, a type of glial cells called astrocytes did not mature properly and weren't able to fully support the neurons. (livescience.com)
To identify a nuclear marker pathognomonic of astrocytic phenotype, we assessed differential RNA expression by FACS-purified adult astrocytes and, on that basis, evaluated the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 in both mouse and human brain. (jneurosci.org)
The analysis showed that SOX9+ astrocytes constitute ∼10-20% of the total cell number in most CNS regions, a smaller fraction of total cell number than previously estimated in the normal adult brain. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes are traditionally identified immunohistochemically by antibodies that target cell-specific antigens in the cytosol or plasma membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Based on SOX9 immunolabeling, we document that astrocytes constitute a smaller fraction of total cell number than previously estimated in the normal adult mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
Dystrophin is ubiquitously expressed by astrocytes in the human and rat hippocampus and in the rat cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)

Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
At this juncture, through the present study it was found that, chicken neural retinal cells when grown alone failed to survive and contrarily when either co-cultured with chicken amniotic epithelial cells / cultured in amniotic epithelial cell conditioned medium not only survived but also showed extensive differentiation. (scielo.org.ar)
In recent years reprogramming techniques, differentiation protocols, and sequencing analysis have opened a field for generating and studying human-derived neurons with greater potential than ever before. (lu.se)
Together these papers encompass a collection of ways to derive human subtype- specific neurons in vitro and serve as platforms for both reprogramming and differentiation studies. (lu.se)

Hypothyroidism in humans is characterized by severe neurological consequences that are often irreversible, highlighting the critical role of thyroid hormone (TH) in the brain. (jci.org)
Here, we modeled TH action in the brain using an in vitro coculture system of D2-expressing H4 human glioma cells and D3-expressing SK-N-AS human neuroblastoma cells. (jci.org)
This study therefore presents what we believe to be the first direct evidence for a paracrine loop linking glial D2 activity to TH receptors in neurons, thereby identifying deiodinases as potential control points for the regulation of TH signaling in the brain during health and disease. (jci.org)
Around 100 billion neurons in the human brain enable us to think, feel and act. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists have now discovered a possible mechanisms by which these glial cells in the brain can support their associated axons and keep them alive in the long term. (sciencedaily.com)
Klaus Armin and his research group from the Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine in Göttingen have now discovered a possible mechanisms by which these glial cells in the brain can support their associated axons and keep them alive in the long term. (sciencedaily.com)
As the brain ages, those functions seem to get creaky, raising the possibility that keeping glial cells young and fit could protect against neurodegeneration. (alzforum.org)
Other scientists outlined new approaches to promote a kind of glial cell activation that might help mice tackle Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain (see part two of this series). (alzforum.org)
Here, we use genetic fate mapping to examine the progeny of GFAP + cells after postnatal hypoxia, a model for the brain injury observed in premature children. (jneurosci.org)
That's actually the same incidence and timeframe we saw in our infected mice, although we thought it would be much higher given that most of the immune cells in this mouse strain are capable of attacking the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When glia become activated, you start to see trafficking of immune cells from the blood to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We think that, at least for MS patients, when glia become activated this is one of the initial triggers that causes immune cells to traffic to the brain," explains Prof. Steelman. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Utilizing a large and growing collection of over 13,000 human brain tissue samples, Cerevance is generating an unprecedented level of expression and epigenetic data thereby enabling the company to identify the most promising targets for the next generation of treatments for CNS disorders. (itbusinessnet.com)
The study focused on glial cells , which provide support for the neurons that do the "signaling" within the brain. (livescience.com)
In addition, the study identified chemical imbalances that disrupt communication among brain cells, and these imbalances could be a target for new therapies, the authors said. (livescience.com)
In the August issue of the journal Oncogene, researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute describe a molecular mechanism that appears to make malignant brain tumors more vulnerable to chemotherapy after they have been treated with the dendritic cell vaccine. (news-medical.net)
Regenerative medicine scientists at the University of Florida's McKnight Brain Institute have created a system in rodent models that for the first time duplicates neurogenesis - the process of generating new brain cells - in a dish. (news-medical.net)
A basic difference between HD pathology in human and tgHD51 rats is in the rate of NDP progression that originates primarily from slow neuronal degeneration consequently resulting in lesser extent of concomitant reactive gliosis in the brain of tgHD51 rats. (hindawi.com)
Although wild-type huntingtin is expressed in all cell types, with the highest concentration in the brain [ 7 ], its functions are not yet fully understood [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, we aimed to study brain dystrophin distribution and expression in both, human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). (frontiersin.org)
Hippocampal full-length dystrophin (Dp427) levels are upregulated in human TLE, but not in AK rats, possibly indicating a compensatory mechanism in the chronic epileptic human brain. (frontiersin.org)
A clumping of proteins inside cell bodies in the brain, which may be toxic. (michaeljfox.org)
Mapping the human brain: past. (harvard.edu)
GAD mRNA was detected in human and monkey brain postmortem by in situ hybridization with an [35S]-labelled copy RNA corresponding to a 2.7-kb fragment of the coding region of human GAD mRNA. (cun.es)
A characteristic and reproducible pattern of hybridization was obtained with the anti-sense, but not the sense probe in both monkey and human brain. (cun.es)
The data confirm the heterogeneity of GAD mRNA distribution reported in rodent brain and non-human primate brain. (cun.es)
We test promising therapies in these preclinical models, and we also assess human brain tissue for markers of disease. (duq.edu)
therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, we characterised the maturation of the grafted cells into functional GABAergic inter-neurons in the host brain, and we confirmed the presence of functional inhibitory synaptic connections from grafted cells onto the host neurons. (lu.se)
This is aimed at developing a robust model that more accurately replicates the interactions within the human brain and holds potential for the in-depth study of interneuron development and pathology. (lu.se)
The use of viral vectors to deliver foreign genes to the brain is highly logical states in the human brain (Eng et al. (lu.se)
There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
No computer has yet come close to matching the capabilities of the human brain. (msdmanuals.com)
The brain rarely produces new nerve cells (neurons) but can make new support cells (glial cells) throughout life. (msdmanuals.com)
It is made up of cells that line blood vessels of the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
These cells allow some substances to reach the brain and block others. (msdmanuals.com)
The blood-brain barrier is necessary because in the brain, unlike in most of the body, the cells that form the capillary walls are tightly sealed, for example, to protect it from harm caused by toxins and infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Raquel Garza Gómez defends her Ph.D. thesis "Transposable elements in the healthy and diseased human brain ' on Friday, January 19th. (lu.se)
With a background in computational biology, Raquel's research focuses on studying the role of transposable elements in the human brain. (lu.se)
This is important for the understanding of human brain evolution as well as diseases with complex networks where transposable elements may play a regulatory role. (lu.se)
The expression of transposons in the human brain is a rising research field. (lu.se)
In our lab, we are interested in studying the relationship between evolution and human disease, exploring everything from early brain development, including the evolution of the human brain itself, to the consequences of inflammatory states and different genetic disorders. (lu.se)
During my Ph.D., my research has primarily focused on studying transposable elements in the human brain in various contexts such as development, healthy adulthood, and certain disease contexts. (lu.se)
Creating this bioinformatics pipeline has helped to make sense of the data collected as a whole, giving new insights into the human brain," explains Raquel. (lu.se)
Specimens from two of the four cases were positive by immunohistochemistry: viral antigen was noted in mononuclear cells (presumed to be glial cells and neurons within the brain) of one newborn, and within the chorionic villi from one of the miscarriages. (cdc.gov)
For both newborns, significant histopathologic changes were limited to the brain, and included parenchymal calcification, microglial nodules, gliosis, and cell degeneration and necrosis. (cdc.gov)
Just 2 years later, Falck was pro- of the adult brain was fixed and immuta- moted to department chairman, and he ble and that nerve cells could not be handed over most of his laboratory to his regenerated after damage or death. (lu.se)
The pair thought it might be transplanted into rats to relieve Parkinson- to join the medical school at the Univer- possible to implant immature cells into like symptoms, Björklund and former stu- sity of Lund, where he would stay for his damaged brain areas, where the new cells dent Olle Lindvall initiated the first clinical entire career. (lu.se)
From 2000 to 2005, INTERPHONE interviewed 14,000 adults about their cell phone use, other exposures to RF radiation, and other factors conceivably related to brain cancer. (cdc.gov)

Fate-mapped cortical GFAP + cells derived ex vivo from hypoxic, but not normoxic, mice were able to form pluripotent, long-term self-renewing neurospheres. (jneurosci.org)
Similarly, exposure to low oxygen conditions in vitro induced stem-cell-like potential in immature cortical GFAP + cells. (jneurosci.org)
Our data support the conclusion that hypoxia promotes pluripotency in GFAP + cells in the cortical parenchyma. (jneurosci.org)
Regional and cellular dystrophin distribution was evaluated in both human and rat hippocampi and in rat cerebellar tissue by immunofluorescent colocalization with neuronal (NeuN and calbindin) and glial (GFAP) markers. (frontiersin.org)
Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
Jakobsson expression under a human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. (lu.se)

The photosensors are behind glial cells that run through the retina. (uncommondescent.com)
The retina is a complex tissue in the back of the eye that contains the rod and cone photoreceptor cells. (berkeley.edu)
In particular, for retinal gene therapy it would be highly advantageous to transduce a single cell type that spans the entire retina after an intravitreal injection of a gene delivery vehicle for the subsequent secretion of a general neuroprotective factor throughout the retina. (berkeley.edu)
The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
The vertebrate retina is inverted in the sense that the light-sensing cells are in the back of the retina, so that light has to pass through layers of neurons and capillaries before it reaches the photosensitive sections of the rods and cones. (wikipedia.org)
[9] Some vertebrates, including humans, have an area of the central retina adapted for high-acuity vision. (wikipedia.org)
The human retina is located on the inner surface of the posterior two-thirds to three-quarters of the eye. (medscape.com)
The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)

Single-cell sequencing of human midbrain reveals glial activation and a Parkinson-specific neuronal state. (mpg.de)
Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)

Unlike central gliogenesis, neural crest development involves a protracted embryonic phase devoted to the generation of, first, the Schwann cell precursor and then the immature Schwann cell, a cell whose fate as a myelinating or non-myelinating cell has yet to be determined. (nih.gov)
She is known for her work on neuronal and mesenchymal stem and precursor cells and how they can promote tissue repair and regeneration. (nature.com)
Infection with an endemic human herpesvirus disrupts critical glial precursor cell properties. (bvsalud.org)

We model Lewy body disorders in mice and rats in vivo and in primary neuron and glial cell cultures in vitro. (duq.edu)

We provide evidence that the two cell sources can successfully convert into subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

2003). Similarly, when transplanted into ischemic cortical areas, they were found to differentiate into 'neuron-like' cells (Okawa et al. (scielo.org.ar)

We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. (nature.com)
The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved. (nature.com)

During the development of peripheral nerves, neural crest cells generate myelinating and non-myelinating glial cells in a process that parallels gliogenesis from the germinal layers of the CNS. (nih.gov)

Despite many advances in understanding the pathophysiology of Mn neurotoxicity in humans, with molecular and structural imaging techniques, only a few case reports describe the associated pathological findings, and all are in symptomatic subjects exposed to relatively high-level Mn. (cdc.gov)

The team found that some of the infected mice initially developed symptoms similar to those seen in humans with MS, even though there were no traces of the flu virus in the rodents' brains. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Interestingly, when the researchers took at closer look at the brains of the flu-infected mice, they identified an increase in the activation of glial cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers hypothesize that molecules called chemokines mediate the signaling between glial cells and immune cells, after identifying increased levels of a chemokine called CXCL5 in the brains of flu-infected mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
60) from human brains. (itbusinessnet.com)
This enables us to follow histopathological changes in course of neurodegenerative process (NDP) within the striatum and compare them with postmortem samples of human HD brains. (hindawi.com)
While becoming a way of life and work, the radio frequency (RF) waves from cell phones have also been depositing energy into users' brains. (cdc.gov)

C1q is a lectin-like protein that binds apoptotic cells. (alzforum.org)
Analysis of 6,515 Exomes Reveals the Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-Coding Variants. (evolutionnews.org)
In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. (lu.se)

The dominant expression of inwardly rectifying channels in cells from healthy donors is thought to support important glial cell functions such as the spatial buffering of extracellular K + . The downregulation of these channels and the less negative mean membrane potential in cells from patients should impair spatial buffering currents and neurotransmitter clearance. (arvojournals.org)
One of the main functions of Müller cells is the spatial buffering of the extracellular K + concentration in response to rises of neuronal activity. (arvojournals.org)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
Wendy Fung et al, A sex-specific switch in a single glial cell patterns the apical extracellular matrix, Current Biology (2023). (phys.org)

Dr. Lents just published his own book titled Human Errors, in which he repeats on page 5 his claim that the human eye is badly designed because the photoreceptor cells "appear to be installed backward. (uncommondescent.com)
The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which results in blindness from destruction of photoreceptor cells, and the RPE. (berkeley.edu)

secondary sites are monocytes, fibroblasts and glial cells. (enzolifesciences.com)

In the next phase (16-24 weeks' gestation), canaliculi with a wider lumen, more capillaries, and flatter epithelial cells branch out of the terminal bronchioles and form the respiratory parenchyma. (medscape.com)
Inherited forms of retinal degeneration, which afflict 1 in 3000 people worldwide, arise primarily from mutations in transcripts expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (berkeley.edu)
By virtue of expressions of glial and neural surface markers and capability of neurotransmitter metabolism, amniotic epithelial cells are considered as candidate cell type for transplantation strategies to treat neurological disorders. (scielo.org.ar)
Previously, we have reported neurotrophism exhibited by human amniotic epithelial cells when transplanted after spinal cord injury in bonnet monkeys. (scielo.org.ar)
Amniotic epithelial cells were believed to secrete an 'Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) - like' factor and exact identification was not made. (scielo.org.ar)
It is interesting to note that while factor secreted by amniotic epithelial cells resembles EGF and/or FGF-2 in its biological action, known isoforms of them were not detected. (scielo.org.ar)
Considering the biological closeness between EGF and FGF-2, results indicate the possibility of a novel isoform of these growth factors secreted by amniotic epithelial cells. (scielo.org.ar)
Transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells in various regions of central nervous system such as caudate nucleus (Bankiewicz et al. (scielo.org.ar)
Amniotic epithelial cells transplantation in Parkinson model of rats was found to reverse the condition and prevent death in neurons (Kakishita et al. (scielo.org.ar)
2001). In our previous report, we concluded the usefulness of amniotic epithelial cells transplantation in spinal cord injury repair research. (scielo.org.ar)
We had also outlined various biological and social advantages by which, amniotic epithelial cells transplantation excels its precedent viz. (scielo.org.ar)
Recently, our conclusion of usefulness of amniotic epithelial cells transplantation to treat spinal cord injuries has been confirmed in rodent models of spinal cord injury (Zhi-yuan et al. (scielo.org.ar)

Hypoxia decreases astrocyte-mediated thyroid hormone signaling in neuronal SK-N-AS cells. (jci.org)

Embryonic nerves therefore offer a particular opportunity to analyse the early steps of gliogenesis from transient multipotent stem cells, and to understand how this process is integrated with organogenesis of peripheral nerves. (nih.gov)
We generated GABAergic interneuron precursors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and grafted them in the hippocampi of rats developing chronic SRSs after kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus. (lu.se)

citation needed] It prevents apoptosis in motor neurons during development, decreases the overall loss of neurons during development, rescues cells from axotomy-induced death, and prevents chronic degeneration. (wikipedia.org)
Neuronal degeneration, edema, glial cell proliferation and perivascular infiltration (7). (cdc.gov)

We found that glial cell D2 activity resulted in increased T3 production, which acted in a paracrine fashion to induce T3-responsive genes, including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2), in the cocultured neurons. (jci.org)
To date, more than 130 genes causing inherited retinopathies in humans have been identified. (berkeley.edu)
Along the way, they identified some of the first genes that distinguish glial cells between the sexes. (phys.org)

Figure 2: Human DG proliferation declines sharply during infancy and a layer of proliferating progenitors does not form in the SGZ. (nature.com)

BOSTON, June 28, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - Cerevance, a private, clinical-stage drug discovery and development company focused on developing novel therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) diseases using the company's proprietary Nuclear Enriched Transcript Sort sequencing (NETSseq) platform, today announced plans to present a poster presentation at the upcoming XVI European Meeting on Glial Cells in Health and Disease, taking place in Berlin, Germany, July 8 - July 11, 2023. (itbusinessnet.com)

Rats transgenic for Huntington's disease (tgHD51 CAG rats), surviving up to two years, represent an animal model of HD similar to the late-onset form of human disease. (hindawi.com)
To the best of our knowledge, our findings are the first to document that tgHD51 CAG rats can be used as a valid animal model for detailed histopathological studies related to HD in human. (hindawi.com)

As described on their poster-and reported 24 November in Nature-they first examined neuronal-glial interactions in mice less than a week old. (alzforum.org)
Following the establishment of successful conversion protocols, we then introduce a 3D model for direct conversion that replicates the cell-cell interactions pivotal for physiological relevance, leading to an accelerated induction of functional neurons (Paper III). (lu.se)

To date, most gene therapies have targeted monogenic recessive retinal diseases and employed viral vectors to transfer a 'normal ' copy of the mutated gene to the affected cell. (berkeley.edu)
Current projects in our lab involve development of retinal cell specific viral vectors based upon lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses. (berkeley.edu)

The increased activity of BK channels may support the proliferative activity of gliotic cells via feedback regulation of Ca 2+ entry and membrane potential. (arvojournals.org)
Airavaara M, Pletnikova O, Doyle ME, Zhang YE, Troncoso JC, Liu QR: Identification of novel GDNF isoforms and cis-antisense GDNFOS gene and their regulation in human middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer disease. (drugbank.com)

We are currently exploring the extent to which the non-neuronal pathologies described in animal models are also seen in human post-mortem material and are using cellular models to determine the vulnerabilities of SMA cells to hypoxic environments. (abdn.ac.uk)

GDNF also promotes hair follicle formation and cutaneous wound healing by targeting resident hair follicle stem cells (BSCs) in the bulge compartment. (wikipedia.org)
In cells that lack RET, some GDNF family ligand members also have the ability to be activated through the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). (wikipedia.org)
The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Grimm L, Holinski-Feder E, Teodoridis J, Scheffer B, Schindelhauer D, Meitinger T, Ueffing M: Analysis of the human GDNF gene reveals an inducible promoter, three exons, a triplet repeat within the 3'-UTR and alternative splice products. (drugbank.com)

Our research has pioneered significant pre and early symptomatic defects in the cardiovascular system, where the heart, blood vessels and circulating cells are all defective in SMA. (abdn.ac.uk)

Molecular landscapes of human hippocampal immature neurons across lifespan. (nih.gov)

Researchers are looking into stem cell therapies as potential treatments for a variety of multiple sclerosis conditions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The study was published July 20 in the journal Cell Stem Cell. (livescience.com)
Cell Stem Cell. (lu.se)
Stem Cell Res Ther. (lu.se)

An in vivo CRISPR screen of T cell infiltration in a rat model of MS now identifies the genetic modules that control this key step in the immunopathology of MS. (nature.com)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are initiated by the infiltration of T cells to the CNS. (nature.com)

Dystrophin was expressed in all hippocampal pyramidal subfields and in the molecular-, Purkinje-, and granular cell layer of the cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)
We further explore the contribution of various glial cells in a 3D co-culture setting with interneurons employing both functional and molecular analyses. (lu.se)

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter that is metabolized by monoamine oxidase to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), an intermediate shown to be reactive toward proteins and toxic to dopaminergic cells. (cdc.gov)
Biohaven's troriluzole is a novel, orally administered small molecule that modulates glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human body. (pharmiweb.com)

When it comes to the deadly skin cancer melanoma, studying functional tissue rather than cell lines may better provide insight into the disease's development, according to new research from a Howard Hughes Medical Institute predoctoral fellow at Stanford University School of Medicine. (news-medical.net)
Undifferentiated cells, found in a differentiated tissue, that can renew themselves and - with certain limitations - differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originated. (michaeljfox.org)
Follicular dendritic cell network stained strongly in germinal centers of tonsil tissue. (enzolifesciences.com)
Microscopic examination of tissue sections showed that only neuronal perikarya, not glial cells, were labelled. (cun.es)
Although the overlying neural tissue is partly transparent, and the accompanying glial cells have been shown to act as fibre-optic channels to transport photons directly to the photoreceptors, [7] [8] light scattering does occur. (wikipedia.org)

In a new study, the researchers were able to show that the glial cells are involved in, among other things, the replenishment of energy in the nerve fibres. (sciencedaily.com)
At the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) annual meeting, which drew nearly 25,000 scientists to San Diego November 9-14, researchers reported new data on the fundamental roles played by glial cells in forming and refining neural circuits. (alzforum.org)
The researchers exposed the mice to the influenza A virus, which is a primary cause of flu epidemics in humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To see if glial cells contribute to schizophrenia , the researchers first took samples of skin cells from people who developed schizophrenia in childhood, before age 13. (livescience.com)
for example, the cells did not give rise to enough myelin-producing cells, so transmission between neurons was impaired, the researchers said. (livescience.com)
The mice with these faulty cells also exhibited anti-social and anxious behaviors, similar to the behaviors seen in people with schizophrenia, the researchers said. (livescience.com)
Researchers may be on the verge of exploiting the vulnerabilities of a virus that causes cervical cancer, thanks to a newly developed technique that enables scientists to mass-produce human papillomavirus (HPV) in the laboratory. (news-medical.net)
Researchers identified that an abundance of fungi in the gut, particularly strains of Candida albicans yeast, could trigger an increase in immune cells, which could worsen lung damage. (medicaldaily.com)
In fact, the researchers discovered that it's not even the worm's sex that matters but the sex of the glial cell itself. (phys.org)
Heiman and team hope their findings will help researchers better understand how malfunctioning glia contribute to sex-based differences in human diseases, such as autism, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. (phys.org)

Earlier work in the lab had revealed that the star-shaped cells express high levels of phagocytic receptors. (alzforum.org)

Neurons (or nerve cells) are specialized cells that transmit and receive electrical signals in the body. (khanacademy.org)
The brain's functions are both mysterious and remarkable, relying on billions of nerve cells and the internal communication between them. (msdmanuals.com)

Neuronal-Glial Cell Interrelationships: Report of the Dahlem Workshop on Neuronal-Glial Cell Interrelationships: Ontogeny, Maintenance, Injury, Repair: Sears, T. a. (powells.com)
A strategy aiming to replace cells damaged or lost by disease or injury with healthy new cells. (michaeljfox.org)
and neuromuscular junction after an injury, focusing on the rolls of Glial cells and function. (wmich.edu)

The investigation of these processes depends ultimately on re- search on man hirnself and the analysis of these processes in depth often must wait on Nature's own experiments to provide, through disease, the chance anatomical or biochemical lesions which dissect human behavior and expose the residual functions for scientific study. (powells.com)

Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. (nature.com)

Oligodendrocytes are a group of highly specialised glial cells in the central nervous system. (sciencedaily.com)
Without independent breathing, the manipulated glial cells of the nervous systems should have died," explains the scientist. (sciencedaily.com)
The loss of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which started at this point, did not appear to affect the glial cells in the central nervous system. (sciencedaily.com)
A thin layer of tightly packed cells separating the central nervous system from the body's blood stream. (michaeljfox.org)
Heiman's team found that a genetic switch in a single glial cell-a type of cell in the nervous system -is responsible for reorganizing the matrix to form the tiny openings. (phys.org)
These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)

and Paul Henkind, Richard Hansen, and Jeanne Szalay in Physiology of the Human Eye and the Visual System (Harper & Row, 1979). (uncommondescent.com)

Bacterial Translocation in the Normal Human Appendix Parallels the Development of the Local Immune System. (evolutionnews.org)

What is more, the team notes that in humans with MS, CXCL5 levels are increased in cerebral spinal fluid during relapses, and recent research suggests that this chemokine could be used to predict MS relapse. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms3

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Line-derived neurotrophic factor10

Progenitor cells7

Neuronal and glial cell1

Shown that glial cells2

Neurotrophic3

Fibrillary acidic1

Astrocytes11

Differentiation4

Brain49

GFAP7

Retina8

Midbrain2

Precursor3

Vitro1

Gabaergic interneurons1

Neuron1

Neurogenesis2

Neural crest1

Neurotoxicity1

Brains6

Protein3

Extracellular4

Photoreceptor cells2

Fibroblasts1

Epithelial cells12

Astrocyte1

Embryonic2

Degeneration2

Genes3

Proliferation1

Health and Dis1

Rats2

Interactions2

Viral2

Regulation2

Cellular models1

GDNF4

Defective1

Immature1

Stem cell4

Infiltration2

Molecular2

Neurotransmitter2

Tissue5

Researchers10

Receptors1

Nerve cells2

Injury3

Lesions1

Adult human1

Nervous6

Physiology1

Immune System1

Spinal1