Human flu genes. Medical search. Frequent questions

CDC and disease experts around the world monitor flu viruses that circulate in animals because the previous pandemics of the 20th century as well as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic were caused by flu viruses in animals that gained the ability to infect and spread easily in humans. (cdc.gov)
At this time, there are three main flu A viruses that circulate in U.S. pigs: influenza A H1N1, influenza A H1N2 and influenza A H3N2. (cdc.gov)
A. Flu viruses are thought to spread among pigs in the A. The 2009 H1N1 flu virus was first detected in people same way that human influenza viruses spread among in the United States in April 2009. (cdc.gov)
H1N1 virus caused illness in swine similar to those of · Using proper ventilation systems other well-known, circulating swine flu viruses. (cdc.gov)
Major outbreaks of H1N1 strains in humans include the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, the 1977 Russian flu pandemic and the 2009 swine flu pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
Some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and cause a small fraction of all influenza-like illness and a small fraction of all seasonal influenza, for instance in 2004-2005. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic analysis of virus from tissue preserved medically or in permafrost suggests that seasonal H1N1 strains of today descend from the 1918 flu pandemic virus, but the result is not conclusive. (wikipedia.org)
The 1918 flu was an unusually severe and deadly strain of H1N1 avian influenza, a viral infectious disease, that killed from 17 to 50 or more million people worldwide over about a year in 1918 and 1920. (wikipedia.org)
The 1977 Russian flu pandemic was caused by strain Influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1). (wikipedia.org)
Another related virus, H1N1, dubbed swine flu , caused its own pandemic in 2009. (livescience.com)
In the second study, Yoshihiro Kawaoka's lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison took the gene for the H5 protein and subbed it for H1 gene in H1N1. (livescience.com)
A new biological pathway by which the H1N1 flu virus can make the jump from swine to humans has been discovered by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley. (scienceblog.com)
Early test results indicate that a heretofore unknown mutation in one of the H1N1 genes may have played an important role in transmitting the virus into humans. (scienceblog.com)
We have identified an adaptive mutation in the swine origin H1N1 influenza A virus - a pair of amino acid variants termed the 'SR polymorphism' - that enhance replication, and potentially pathogenesis of the virus in humans. (scienceblog.com)
That's why we were surprised when we looked at the gene sequences for the current H1N1 polymerase," Mehle says. (scienceblog.com)
In their investigation, Mehle and Doudna found that the 2009 H1N1 virus has acquired the SR polymorphism in its PB2 protein that enhances polymerase activity in human cells. (scienceblog.com)
The fact that all of the 2009 H1N1 isolates contain this second mutation supports the notion that it is important for transmission into humans, although we don't yet know the relative importance of the changes in the polymerase versus mutations elsewhere in the virus. (scienceblog.com)
One of the predominant strains we have vaccines for, known as H1N1, was responsible for the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic that killed more than 50 million people. (motherjones.com)
A new study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reported on a strain called G4 that is increasingly infecting pigs in China and carries lineage from European and Asian bird flu, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain, and North American H1N1 that includes genes from swine, avian and human flu viruses. (hstoday.us)
The paper said the H1N1 inclusion may promote G4's adaptation into a virus that spreads between humans. (hstoday.us)
However, the presence of genes from the H1N1 pandemic strain suggests that it might develop this ability in the future. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
Unlike the avian H5N1 flu, the H1N1 swine flu is capable of being transmitted easily from person to person. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
Most commonly, Swine Flu is of the H1N1 Influenza subtype, although they can sometimes come from H1N2, H3N1, and H3N2. (projectswole.com)
In November IDPH determined it was swine flu, but not the pandemic H1N1 but a swine-origin H3N2. (scienceblogs.com)
Of them, H1N1 swine flu is the only one that seems to have gotten a foothold in the population. (scienceblogs.com)
Other versions of H1N1 have appeared since - the so called "swine flu" epidemic of 2009 was treated with such alarm because it was also H1N1 - but none have been so lethal. (iflscience.com)
Genetic interactions between avian H5N1 influenza and human seasonal influenza viruses have the potential to create hybrid strains combining the virulence of bird flu with the pandemic ability of H1N1, according to a new study. (healthnewstrack.com)
H1N1 flu information. (cdc.gov)
What is H1N1 (swine) flu? (cdc.gov)
H1N1 (referred to as "swine flu" early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. (cdc.gov)
What are the signs and symptoms of H1N1 (swine) flu in people? (cdc.gov)
The symptoms of H1N1 (swine) flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. (cdc.gov)
Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with H1N1 (swine) flu. (cdc.gov)
In the past, severe illness (pneumonia and respiratory failure) and deaths have been reported with H1N1 (swine) flu infection in people. (cdc.gov)
Like seasonal flu, H1N1 (swine) flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions. (cdc.gov)
In a recent paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , researchers describe a group (termed "G4") of H1N1 swine flu viruses that have the potential to jump to people. (aaha.org)
MANILA, Philippines Virgin coconut oil or VCO could be the country s weapon against the deadly H1N1 flu virus, a new party-list representative said yesterday. (bio-asli.com)
Research and development on the possible use of VCO against (the H1N1) flu should be accelerated, he said. (bio-asli.com)
In Resolution 1121, Montemayor urged the House to immediately inquire into the government s preparedness against the H1N1 flu, which he said has caused 150 deaths in Mexico and has been detected in the United States, Canada, Britain, Spain, Israel, and New Zealand. (bio-asli.com)
If H1N1 flu should infect residents of a community, how will government stop its spread to other areas? (bio-asli.com)
An H1N1 strain was responsible for the so-called swine flu pandemic in 2009-2010. (msdmanuals.com)
This is thought to have happened in 2009 when a new H1N1 virus with genes of avian, swine and human origin emerged to cause a flu pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype for the causative agent of what is colloquially called 'swine flu. (bvsalud.org)
The disease coordinate for H1N1 in humans is Influenza, Human. (bvsalud.org)

Concern about the accessibility of data on flu strains remains an acute issue, which research administrators and political leaders should step forward and address. (nature.com)
The problem last year spurred the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to create a consortium to sequence and make public thousands of flu strains from humans and birds. (nature.com)
Initially, all the manufacturers except MedImmune - which uses a different process - struggled with low yields when making swine flu vaccine, with most companies only getting about 30 percent of the usual yield of seasonal flu strains. (nextbigfuture.com)
When different strains of a virus occupy the same animal, they can swap genes to create new strains with the potential to infect new hosts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Swine Influenza, or Swine Flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that originated with pigs and is caused by one of many strains of the Influenza A virus. (projectswole.com)
Tamiflu or Relenza have both shown to be effective against the recently reported strains of Swine Flu. (projectswole.com)
These are two of the four anti-viral drugs that are commonly used to treat the various strains of flu. (projectswole.com)
The newly-discovered flu "GeneViable" virus contains the genes of 11 other influenza strains, and could create a deadly and unpredictable combination. (quickcrea.com)
Each year epidemiologists race to determine which seasonal flu strains are most likely to infect the population. (inverse.com)
To test this idea, the team injected llamas with a vaccine containing three different influenza viruses and a viral surface protein linked to two other flu strains. (inverse.com)
They then collected the four llama antibodies that neutralized the flu strains. (inverse.com)
When incorporated as a nasal spray and given to mice, it effectively latched on to 59 out of 60 flu strains and prevented the mice from becoming infected. (inverse.com)
Recent headlines reveal that the United States government has also secretly funded bioweapons research that resulted in the development of super-deadly flu strains that could wipe out far more than just 15 percent of the human population. (worldtruth.tv)
When the scientists tested the newer avian flu strains for their ability to cause disease in mammals by infecting a ferret model, they found an unexpectedly high amount of pathogenicity. (newswise.com)
That's the hallmark of what we saw with these flu strains - increased pathogenicity associated with high virus load in the brain. (newswise.com)
While the newer strains of this H5N1 influenza show a greater ability to cause disease in mammals than earlier viruses, the scientists found it to be low-risk to humans. (newswise.com)
Understanding the genetic make-up of currently circulating avian flu strains may offer one of the best lines of defence against widespread human transmission. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Through a series of extensive tests, the study team were able to show that the BTN3A3 gene is vital to protecting humans against avian flu, as most strains of the virus cannot get past its defences. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Finally, when studying the evolution of avian flu strains, the scientists were also able to show that there had been increase in the number of BTN3A3-resistant strains circulating in poultry around the same time as spill over events in humans. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Currently there are no effective vaccines against avian flu strains. (foxchase.org)
Different strains cause the regular seasonal outbreaks of flu. (msdmanuals.com)

The current H5N1 bird flu, also an Influenza A virus, has a similar effect. (wikipedia.org)
To head off the possibility of a flu pandemic , scientists in two labs hit fast forward on the H5N1 virus, giving the virus a newfound ability to spread, something it lacks in nature, but could evolve. (livescience.com)
H5N1 is a type of bird flu, which, so far, spreads readily only among birds, not mammals like us. (livescience.com)
I've been following the story about the scientists who have been working to figure out how H5N1 bird flu might become transmissible from human to human, the controversial research they used to study that question, and the federal recommendations that are now threatening to keep that research under wraps. (boingboing.net)
H5N1 , the famous bird flu, is deadly to humans. (boingboing.net)
Fouchier began the experiment by altering the H5N1 virus's genes in two spots. (boingboing.net)
The flu currently circulating through bird populations up and down Atlantic coastlines is a type of influenza A known as H5N1. (motherjones.com)
Domestic cats may be widely susceptible to infection with the avian flu H5N1 virus, according to scientists who this week reported the virus in two dead cats in northern Iraq. (bioedonline.org)
Where cats show respiratory infections in areas where avian flu is endemic, H5N1 will probably be one of the causes," says Magdi Saad, a co-author on the work. (bioedonline.org)
Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries. (medscape.com)
A national biosecurity board that monitors 'dual use' research is apparently worried about an as-yet-published study in which a mutant form of H5N1 avian influenza virus was found to be easily transmissible in ferrets, which are considered good models for flu in humans. (flutrackers.com)
The H5N1 virus causes human illness relatively rarely, but it is often deadly when it does, with a case-fatality rate of about 60% among cases confirmed by the World Health Organization. (flutrackers.com)
About a decade ago, scientists and public health officials feared that we might be on the brink of a pandemic caused by the so-called avian or bird H5N1 flu that began circulating among poultry, ducks, and geese in Asia and spread to Europe and Africa. (bcm.edu)
Between October of 2021 and late May of this year, the H5N1 strain of bird flu has infected tens of millions of poultry like ducks , chickens , and turkeys in North America , Europe , Asia , and Africa , according to Nature . (grunge.com)
Two that have caused disease in humans are H5N1 and H7N9. (grunge.com)
This made him the first known human to contract the version of H5N1 that emerged in the fall of 2021, according to the CDC . (grunge.com)
In laboratory experiments in mice, a single gene segment from a human seasonal flu virus, H3N2, was able to convert the avian H5N1 virus into a highly pathogenic form. (healthnewstrack.com)
The H5N1 bird flu virus has spread worldwide through bird populations and has caused 442 confirmed human cases and 262 deaths, according to the World Health Organization. (healthnewstrack.com)
H5N1 virus has never acquired the ability to transmit among humans, which is why we haven't had a pandemic. (healthnewstrack.com)
When tested in mice, the human virus version of PB2 swapped into H5N1 converted the avian virus to a highly pathogenic form. (healthnewstrack.com)
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists discovered how the current epizootic H5N1 avian influenza virus (bird flu) gained new genes and greater virulence as it spread west. (newswise.com)
In 24 years of tracing this particular H5N1 flu lineage, we haven't seen this ability to cause disease but also be maintained in these wild bird populations. (newswise.com)

News of these studies sparked fears the viruses could also infect humans, and that they might escape or be turned into bioweapons in the hands of terrorists. (livescience.com)
To confirm that the SR polymorphism was a new pathway for the virus to infect humans, they introduced the mutation into the PB2 protein of the avian influenza. (scienceblog.com)
Research led by Honglei Sun at China Agricultural University (CAU) in Beijing has identified such a strain in pigs that has already begun to infect humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
The team also looked at avian flu viruses that occasionally do infect humans, for example H7N9, which since 2013 has infected more than 1,500 individuals with 40% case fatality rate. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)

Also human flu vaccines probably would not offer protection against the viruses that are found in pigs. (cdc.gov)
A. Flu vaccines for pigs can help, but are not 100% however, data from the USDA Swine Influenza Virus effective. (cdc.gov)
Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)
5, 6] For the 2021-2022 influenza season, all flu vaccines are expected to be quadrivalent. (medscape.com)
In their paper, the scientists warn that existing flu vaccines are unlikely to protect human populations from G4. (medicalnewstoday.com)
OK, now I'm having third thoughts, since a big chunk of the following argument derives from a) a discussion conducted over too many beers and b) my apparently-erroneous belief that flu vaccines have grown less effective over time. (rifters.com)
Therefore, the idea of developing "bioinformatic solutions" really means to develop "gene-targeting drugs and vaccines. (worldtruth.tv)
Seasonal flu vaccines are not formulated to protect against variant influenza viruses, but the same flu antiviral drugs used to treat seasonal flu can be used to treat variant influenza virus infection in children and adults. (cdc.gov)

A different animal (such as pigs, horses, dogs or seals) would need to serve as a "bridge," meaning that such an animal would need to be capable of being infected with both this new bat flu virus and human flu viruses for reassortment to occur. (cdc.gov)
Flu viruses already are known to spread and cause disease in other animals, including domestic and wild birds, pigs, horses, and dogs, with sporadic outbreaks in seals, whales, ferrets and cats. (cdc.gov)
As someone who raises pigs, whether for show (e.g. 4-H or Future Farmers of America [FFA]) or as part of a farming operation (i.e. commercial pork producer), you may have questions about influenza (the flu) in both pigs and people. (cdc.gov)
This document addresses what is known about flu viruses in pigs and people and what people in contact with pigs can do to reduce the risk of getting sick or of getting their pigs sick. (cdc.gov)
Flu viruses commonly infect pigs and pig herds and can result in high rates of illness among pigs, but few deaths. (cdc.gov)
However, pigs also may become infected with flu viruses from people, and from birds. (cdc.gov)
That is mainly through close contact between influenza virus among humans which was able to infected and uninfected pigs and possibly from spread easily from person-to-person, causing the first contact by an uninfected pig with an object influenza pandemic in more than 40 years. (cdc.gov)
Pigs also can be had two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate infected by flu viruses from their human caretakers. (cdc.gov)
This virus is now in pigs and/or severity of disease by following these considered a human influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
Swine influenza (also known as swine flu or pig flu) is a respiratory disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the Influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. (wikipedia.org)
Pigs experimentally infected with the strain of swine flu that caused the human pandemic of 2009-10 showed clinical signs of flu within four days, and the virus spread to other uninfected pigs housed with the infected ones. (wikipedia.org)
Two cases have been documented of G4 spreading from pigs to humans, but the humans didn't transmit it to other humans. (hstoday.us)
Researchers in China have identified an influenza virus called G4 that can infect both pigs and humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Scientists have likened pigs to "mixing vessels" for generating pandemic influenza viruses because they host both mammalian and avian flu viruses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
Swine Flu is spread among pigs by direct and indirect contact, however, in many parts of the world pigs are vaccinated against Swine Flu. (projectswole.com)
This virus was originally referred to as "swine flu" because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. (cdc.gov)
It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and avian genes and human genes. (cdc.gov)
The pathogen known as swine flu evolved in pigs in Mexico following imports of the livestock from the US and Europe. (the-scientist.com)
An influenza virus identified in pigs in China has a concerning mix of genes, but experts say there is no way to know if it will evolve to be transmissible between humans. (the-scientist.com)
The C.D.C. referred to the infection, in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , as a swine-flu virus, because some of its genes matched genes found in pigs. (michaelspecter.com)
October 22, 2021 -CDC today reported two new U.S. human infections with influenza viruses that usually spread in pigs and not people. (cdc.gov)
Pigs can be infected by avian influenza and human influenza viruses as well as swine influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
When influenza viruses from different species infect pigs, the viruses can reassort (i.e., swap genes) and new viruses that are a mix of swine, human and/or avian influenza viruses can emerge. (cdc.gov)
CDC has guidance for people who work or interact with pigs and for people attending fairs where pigs might be present, including additional precautions for people who are at increased risk of serious flu complications. (cdc.gov)

In nature, when multiple viruses infect an animal they can swap genes to create new, potentially pandemic-causing hybrids. (livescience.com)
Very quickly, this more open approach led to the useful discovery that viruses swap genes with each other more frequently than had been previously thought. (nature.com)
When [co-infection] happens, influenza viruses are able to swap genes," lead author and ESR researcher Matthew Peacey said. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

A study published in the journal PLOS Pathogens has examined how using small portions of a specific protein can improve the efficacy of the seasonal flu vaccine. (sciencemediacentre.org)
Swiss drugmaker Novartis has begun injecting its swine flu vaccine into people in the company's first human tests, a spokesman said Wednesday. (nextbigfuture.com)
Novavax made swine flu vaccine at its new manufacturing facility in Rockville using technology that significantly reduces the time it takes to make a vaccine. (nextbigfuture.com)
Novavax says it created the vaccine candidate just 11 weeks after getting the gene sequence for the N1H1 strain from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. (nextbigfuture.com)
AstraZeneca, whose MedImmune unit makes smaller amounts of a flu vaccine that is sprayed into the nose rather than injected, said it would start clinical trials in the United States around August 17. (nextbigfuture.com)
Influenza A and B vaccine is administered each year before flu season. (medscape.com)
Below are key excerpts of important news articles on the FBI's admission that its forensic investigators lied at criminal trials for decades to aid prosecutors in securing prison convictions, the UK government's $90 million award to over 800 victims of brain damage caused by the swine flu vaccine, the modification of human embryos by scientists using a potentially dangerous bioengineering technique, and more. (wanttoknow.info)
Watch a powerful CBS video describing how 4,000 Americans in 1976 sued for neurological damages caused by a swine flu vaccine that they agreed to take after falling for fear mongering about the flu by the government. (wanttoknow.info)
According to journalist and book author Naomi Wolf, mandatory Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine passports would mark the "end of human liberty in the West. (newstarget.com)
For some, that means China's annual flu vaccine is not enough to prevent that outcome, according to Reuters. (quickcrea.com)
The genetic mutations would be detected in a lab and according to the IAI, virologists will have time to study the virus, identify it, and manufacture a vaccine against it before it could penetrate the human immune system. (quickcrea.com)
The reason we still lack a universal flu vaccine is that the virus is always scrambling the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins on its surface. (iflscience.com)
Because of this tremendous risk, scientists around the world are on the hunt for a universal flu vaccine - a treatment that doesn't have to be tailored to each new flu season's circulating viruses. (inverse.com)
In the study released Tuesday, an international team of scientists explain that their hypothetical universal flu vaccine is less of a vaccine and more of a nasal spray. (inverse.com)
This gene-targeting vaccine research technology purchased by Microsoft was developed by the company known as Rosetta Biosciences , formerly owned by Merck. (worldtruth.tv)
Researchers identify a peptide present in the swine-flu vaccine linked to narcolepsy that may be responsible for the sleep disorder. (the-scientist.com)

However, testing of the bat flu virus's genome suggests that its internal genes are compatible with human flu viruses, so CDC scientists cannot rule out the possibility of these viruses eventually becoming capable of infecting humans. (cdc.gov)
A team of scientists led by Dr. Ivan Marazzi at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai investigated antimicrobial gene activation during infection to better understand the body's immune response to microbes. (nih.gov)
The findings also suggest that cats might help provide an early-warning system for avian flu by acting as 'sentinels', say the scientists, who work at a US Naval Medical Research Unit in Cairo, Egypt. (bioedonline.org)
The scientists write that this level of infectivity "greatly enhances the opportunity for virus adaptation in humans and raises concerns for the possible generation of pandemic viruses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Thanks to data from the sequencing entrie genomes, scientists have discovered that most of the genomes of eukaryotic organisms comes from "Mobile DNA" aka "jumping genes. (epicofevolution.com)
Scientists are one step closer to a universal flu treatment. (inverse.com)
Scientists agreed Friday to a 60-day moratorium on research into a modified avian flu virus that has been demonstrated to be more transmissible among mammals. (worldtruth.tv)
The latest international study into the pandemic potential of avian flu, which is led by scientists at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR) and published in Nature, identified the human gene BTN3A3, which is commonly expressed in our airways, as a key human defence against avian flu. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - A team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University used genome sequencing as part of its effort to understand the traits and transmissibility of influenza A H7N9 viruses that are behind a spate of human infections in China. (genomeweb.com)
To get at the genetics behind the newly emerged flu virus subtype, the team sequenced all eight genes that make up the influenza A genome in 37 of the new H7N9 isolates. (genomeweb.com)
When they compared the genomes to one another and to sequences from five human viruses - including an isolate called A/Anhui/1/2013 from the current outbreak in China - the researchers determined that much of the genome was similar across the isolates. (genomeweb.com)
From their genome sequencing data, investigators speculated that the increased virulence and transmissibility of the human H7N9 isolates may stem from subtle genetic changes that alter one or two amino acids encoded by H7N9's basic polymerase 2 gene, for instance, and/or shift hemagglutinin interactions with host cell receptors. (genomeweb.com)
In this activity, you can "tinker" with velcro DNA to simulate how genes move around the genome. (epicofevolution.com)
Duplications, gene transfer and rearrangements of long stretches of DNA are what create big changes in the genome and in the organism. (epicofevolution.com)
Students will move sections of "DNA" around the genome to simulate "jumping genes. (epicofevolution.com)
She has done research and development involving human gene expression, neural connectomics, cancer diagnostics, rapid flu testing, gene synthesis, genome sequencing, being so preoccupied with whether she could that she never stopped to think if she should, and systems integration. (makeoutroom.com)
The increased virulence seen in the new study seems to arise from one of the eight genes in the viral genome, called PB2, which is known to affect how well the bird flu virus grows in mammalian hosts, including humans. (healthnewstrack.com)

By looking at the expression of genes known to be turned on during viral infection, they observed that one chemical, camptothecin (CPT), reduced virus-induced gene activation. (nih.gov)
Genetic depletion of Top1 in flu virus-infected cells reduced the expression of 84 genes-predominantly genes that are specifically induced in response to infection. (nih.gov)
They found that 70% to 94% of mice treated with the drug were rescued from a lethal reaction caused by either infection with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus , co-infection with both a flu virus and Staphylococcus aureus , or acute liver failure. (nih.gov)
Transmission of influenza viruses into the human population requires surmounting biological barriers to cross-species infection," says biochemist Jennifer Doudna, the principal investigator for this research. (scienceblog.com)
Such co-infection, though rare, has raised concerns that it could lead to new, more dangerous forms of flu, for example passing drug resistance from one flu strain to another. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Together with results from infection studies on chicken, duck, mouse, and ferret models, the genetic profiles generated for the H7N9 viruses hint that fairly small genetic changes could potentially lead to a version of the virus capable of human-to-human transmission. (genomeweb.com)
It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)
While the new mutating strain is in human cells, its spread is impossible without human involvement, as the virus continues to attack the respiratory system after infection. (quickcrea.com)
The first case of human infection in the most recent bird flu pandemic illustrates the most common forms of transmission between birds and people. (grunge.com)
Starting with blood samples from hundreds of infants infected with RSV, human rhinovirus, or influenza over half a dozen cold and flu seasons, the Ohio State University College of Medicine's Octavio Ramilo and colleagues from the US and Finland used array-based gene expression profiling to track down a transcriptional signature coinciding with RSV infection. (genomeweb.com)
T]his study provides evidence of the profound systemic dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune response induced by RSV infection in children," Ramilo and his co-authors wrote, "and confirms the value of gene expression profiling as a practical and powerful strategy to objectively stratify children with acute RSV [lower respiratory tract infections]. (genomeweb.com)
Even though the risk of spreading infection is low, the research suggests humans should be cautious interacting with wildlife. (newswise.com)
It's unknown at this time whether certain groups of people are at greater risk of serious flu-related complications from infection with this new virus. (cdc.gov)
Genes up-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute influenza infection versus PBMC from patients with acute E. coli infection. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Thirty-five genes were identified that best discriminate patients with influenza A virus infection from patients with either E coli or S pneumoniae infection. (gsea-msigdb.org)
These genes classified with 95% accuracy (35 of 37 samples) an independent set of patients with either influenza A, E coli, or S pneumoniae infection. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Keen to know why some avian flu transmission does occur in humans, the team behind this important study compared the behaviour of hundreds of genes normally expressed by human cells during a viral infection with either human seasonal viruses or avian flu viruses. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
It is therefore critical to understand which genetic barriers might block an animal virus from replicating in human cells, thereby preventing infection. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Whwen you get aviral infection such as a cold, flu, herpers, or mononucleosis, there is little the doctor can do for you. (bio-asli.com)
The influenza A virus (IAV), usually persisting in wild birds and causing outbreaks of infection in domestic poultry, in some cases can cause a severe flu infection in humans. (foxchase.org)
A specialized subset of lung cells can shake flu infection, yet they remain stamped with an inflammatory gene signature that wreaks havoc in the lung, according to a study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
However, researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York show that club cells are bad guys during flu infection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The authors confirm that human club cells show a similar inflammatory response to flu infection, so targeting club cells might be a strategy to shorten the duration of flu symptoms in humans. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
One of these variant influenza virus infections is the first to occur during the 2021-2022 flu reporting season (i.e., from October 2021 through September 2022) and the other reported infection is the 11th infection that occurred during the 2020-2021 season (i.e., from October 2020 through September 2021). (cdc.gov)

Health officials in Britain said Thursday they had identified a rare case of avian flu in a person, as the country battles its largest-ever outbreak of the virus among birds. (medicalxpress.com)
The agency noted the risk to the wider public from avian flu remained "very low" but cautioned people not to touch sick or dead birds. (medicalxpress.com)
Britain culled around half a million birds in 2021 as it grappled with what Environment Secretary George Eustice has called the country's "largest-ever" avian flu outbreak. (medicalxpress.com)
Earlier work by Doudna and Mehle with avian influenza had shown that a mutation in the viral protein PB2 - whereby glutamic acid is replaced at a certain position on the amino acid chain with lysine - enables the virus to jump from birds to humans. (scienceblog.com)
The avian flu outbreak has killed thousands of birds. (motherjones.com)
The virus that causes flu in birds doesn't often cause it in humans, according to Mayo Clinic. (grunge.com)
The virus that causes bird flu is present in birds' feces, mucus, and saliva, according to the CDC . (grunge.com)
For example, people caught bird flu while cleaning or plucking sick birds during the 2014 outbreak, according to WebMD . (grunge.com)
He thought this might settle debate between the two competing theories - a jump from birds or the reshuffling of genes between existing human and swine varieties. (iflscience.com)
Instead in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences he proposes a third option in which a human flu virus with the H1 protein in circulation for 10-15 years gained the N1 genes from a version infecting birds. (iflscience.com)
It mixed with flu viruses in North American wild birds, swapping several genes. (newswise.com)
Avian flu, also commonly referred to as bird flu, primarily spreads among wild birds such as ducks and gulls and can also infect farmed and domestic birds such as chickens, turkeys and quails. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Since 2022 there has been a rise in bird flu cases around the world in both domestic and wild birds. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
While the disease mainly affects birds, it has been known to spill over into other species, including, in rare cases, humans. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Dr Rute Maria Pinto, the first author of this study said: "Identifying BTN3A3 resistant variants when they first emerge in birds might help prevent human infections. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)

By comparing those sequences with the genomes of five H7N9 viruses involved in human infections, they found hints about the small genetic changes needed to make the H7N9 more virulent and transmissible in mammals. (genomeweb.com)
Its replication in humans will provide further opportunities for the virus to acquire more mutations and become more virulent and transmissible in the human population. (genomeweb.com)
Unfortunately we can't tell from the genetic analysis whether this, or any, flu virus is easily transmissible. (scienceblogs.com)

This diversity is so great that some flu researchers concluded that in bat populations in Central and South America the bat flu viruses found there may have as much genetic diversity in some gene segments as those found in the flu viruses of all other mammal and bird species combined. (cdc.gov)
The researchers exposed mouse and human cells infected with flu viruses to various chemicals that block gene activation. (nih.gov)
The researchers mapped the genomic distribution of TPT and found that TPT sits near regions of DNA that turn on antimicrobial genes, called promoters. (nih.gov)
Researchers altered bird flu viruses so they spread between ferrets through the air. (livescience.com)
The co-infections were discovered almost by accident, so researchers had been unable to test whether gene-swapping had occurred, Dr Peacey said. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Gene-swapping would not necessarily result in a more harmful flu strain forming, but a risk still existed, the researchers concluded. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
In the lab, the researchers showed that the virus was able to infect cultures of human epithelial cells that line the airways of the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The virus also had the ability to infect ferrets, which researchers often use to model human influenza, and to transmit from animal to animal via tiny airborne droplets called aerosols. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers first isolated the Swine Flu virus in a pig back in 1930. (projectswole.com)
The researchers say surveillance of viral populations is critical to monitor the potential emergence of highly pathogenic viral variants due to reassortment of avian and human influenza viruses. (healthnewstrack.com)
Dozens of researchers, including myself, worked for years to uncover that swine flu had leapt to humans from a pig in Mexico in 2009. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers were able to show that avian flu viruses like H7N9 have a genetic mutation that allows them to 'escape' the blocking effects of the BTN3A3 gene. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)

The term "Spanish" flu was coined because Spain was at the time the only European country where the press were printing reports of the outbreak, which had killed thousands in the armies fighting World War I (1914-1918). (wikipedia.org)
When they all mixed up together and they contain some of the elements that might make them susceptible to being transmitted to humans you always have the possibility that you might have another swine flu-type outbreak as we had in 2009. (hstoday.us)
Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
Yet despite the high number of bird infections and deaths - double the wild birth deaths caused by the last major outbreak, in 2016 and 2017 - only two humans have caught the virus. (grunge.com)
Between 50 and 100 million people died from the outbreak dubbed "the Spanish flu", several times more than World War I, yet history books generally relegate it to a footnote. (iflscience.com)
While most of those who die from normal flu outbreaks are the very young or the elderly the 1918 outbreak was different - the heaviest death toll was among young adults , including those that had been in good health beforehand. (iflscience.com)

Transmission of the influenza virus into a new species can be influenced by mutations in any of the virus's eight genes. (scienceblog.com)

Because the internal genes of bat flu viruses are compatible with human flu viruses, it is possible that these viruses could exchange genetic information with human flu viruses through a process called "reassortment. (cdc.gov)
Reassortment occurs when two or more flu viruses infect a single host cell, which allows the viruses to swap genetic information. (cdc.gov)
Reassortment can sometimes lead to the emergence of new flu viruses capable of infecting humans. (cdc.gov)
However, the conditions needed for reassortment to occur between human flu viruses and bat flu viruses remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
Since the discovery of bat flu, at least one study has been conducted to assess the possibility of reassortment events occurring between bat flu and other flu viruses (3). (cdc.gov)
it is not yet shown to be infecting humans, but it is exhibiting what we call reassortment capabilities. (hstoday.us)
This reassortment of genes had two effects. (newswise.com)

The hybrid virus could pass between ferrets via respiratory droplets (think of the coughing and sneezing that comes with the flu). (livescience.com)
Moreover, at least one of the human H7N9 isolates was readily passed from one ferret to another via respiratory droplets in the team's transmissibility experiments. (genomeweb.com)
He and his team introduced various mutations into the virus and watched their effects on its ability to attach to human respiratory tract cells. (flutrackers.com)
Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
In 2003 the virus that causes this respiratory illness jumped from its animal host to humans. (giantmicrobes.com)
Along with the respiratory symptoms that come with typical seasonal human flu, Swine Flu is more likely to include diarrhea and vomiting. (projectswole.com)
The signature also distinguished between samples from infants with RSV and those with other types of respiratory tract infections - including those caused by the influenza virus or human rhinovirus - with around 94 percent sensitivity and 98 percent specificity. (genomeweb.com)
Furthermore, distinctive gene expression patterns were observed in patients presenting with respiratory infections of different etiologies. (gsea-msigdb.org)
View the PDF On April 21st, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that two children in Southern California had developed a "febrile respiratory illness" caused by a flu virus that had never before been recognized in humans. (michaelspecter.com)

In particular, results of the study suggest that infants with especially low expression of genes coding for adaptive immune contributors and high expression of inflammation-related transcripts tended to have more severe RSV infections, while those with milder infections showed an extra boost in innate immune gene expression. (genomeweb.com)

Evolution is the consequence of the interactions of (1) the potential for a species to increase its numbers, (2) the genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombination of genes, (3) a finite supply of the resources required for life, and (4) the ensuing selection by the environment of those offspring better able to survive and leave offspring. (epicofevolution.com)
A number of viral-based vectors are used to deliver genes to correct a known mutation that causes a disease or modulate the immune response against cancer cells. (foxchase.org)

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci told Congress "we need to keep our eye" on an emerging strain of swine flu with possible pandemic potential. (hstoday.us)

Nearly everyone has experienced the fever, aches, and other symptoms of seasonal flu that afflicts 5 - 20 percent of Americans each year. (bcm.edu)
What are the symptoms of Swine Flu? (projectswole.com)
Over the counter (OTC) medications that treat flu-like symptoms should not be confused with anti-viral medications, which can only be obtained with a valid prescription. (projectswole.com)
Typically, people suffering from the flu would not have many symptoms in the first place and health experts suspect many people will show symptoms without anyone knowing it. (quickcrea.com)
Illnesses associated with variant influenza virus infections have been mostly mild with symptoms similar to those of human seasonal influenza. (cdc.gov)

When swine flu viruses are very different from the human flu viruses causing illness in people, people may have little to no immune protection against these swine viruses. (cdc.gov)
There are four main types of influenza: A, B, C, and D. While all are capable of causing illness in humans, types A and B cause the majority of infections in flu season. (motherjones.com)
CDC reported on their weekly FluView website on Friday that the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) reported to CDC that in September a boy (age not stated) had a flu like illness from which he fully recovered and for which he hadn't required hospitalization. (scienceblogs.com)

Although they are able to rid themselves of the flu virus, club cells fail to switch off expression of inflammatory genes causing prolonged pathology in the lungs even after the virus has been contained. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Their results, including identification of the PB2 segment as a key to enhanced virulence, offer information likely to be useful in the event of a pandemic caused by a hybrid avian-human influenza strain. (healthnewstrack.com)

The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
From 1976 until 2005, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received roughly one report every year or two of humans with Swine Flu. (projectswole.com)

In the 2009 flu pandemic, the virus isolated from patients in the United States was found to be made up of genetic elements from four different flu viruses - North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe - "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Other genes housed a bit more genetic diversity, the study's authors noted, and half a dozen genes showed signs of mixing with sequences from influenza A viruses in the H9N2 subtype. (genomeweb.com)
gene sequences that have not been reported in poultry samples. (bioedonline.org)
They said there is an "urgent need" to compare human, cat and bird sequences, but that such efforts are being hindered by a lack of data. (bioedonline.org)
Drift of avian flu sequences? (cdc.gov)

The 1918 flu caused an abnormally high number of deaths, possibly due to it provoking a cytokine storm in the body. (wikipedia.org)
After the 1918 flu infected lung cells, it frequently led to overstimulation of the immune system via release of immune response-stimulating cytokines (proteins that transmit signals between cells) into the lung tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Where did the 1918 flu virus come from? (cdc.gov)
This is more remarkable than the 1918 Flu pandemic. (bluezones.com)

Chinese authorities identified a novel (not seen in humans before) coronavirus in one of the pneumonia patients hospitalized in Wuhan after conducting gene sequencing. (thefrontierpost.com)

Indonesia has become the hot spot of avian flu, with the virus spreading quickly in animal populations, and human cases occurring more often there than elsewhere. (nature.com)

If unleashed-and if proven capable of spreading from human to human with the same high mortality rate-it could make the deadly 1918 pandemic look like a pesky cold. (boingboing.net)
Bird flu, like the regular flu, can also be deadly in humans. (grunge.com)

If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu or a variant virus. (wikipedia.org)
The work comes as a salutary reminder that we are constantly at risk of new emergence of zoonotic pathogens and that farmed animals, with which humans have greater contact than with wildlife, may act as the source for important pandemic viruses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, jumping from animals to humans. (giantmicrobes.com)
More generally, this is just another reason for urgent investment in human and animal surveillance for influenza and other zoonotic diseases (a zoonotic disease is one humans get from animals). (scienceblogs.com)
Control measures against emerging avian flu viruses can be tailored specifically against those that are BTN3A3-resistant, in addition to other genetic traits known to be important for zoonotic transmission. (glasgowcityofscienceandinnovation.com)
Isolates derived from infected humans were found to be distributed across multiple phylogroups interspersed with isolates from animal sources, indicating the zoonotic potential of these viruses. (bvsalud.org)

The scary part is that when the flu spreads person to person, instead of from animals to humans, it can continue to mutate, making it harder to treat or fight because people have no natural immunity. (projectswole.com)

When they looked at the nature of the genes behind the expression signature, the investigators saw that inflammation and innate immune genes were among those showing a jump in expression in those with RSV infections, while levels of genes contributing to adaptive immune functions often waned. (genomeweb.com)
The candy part of the lollipop is the globular part of the HA protein, and that is by far the most potent part of the flu virus against which our immune system can make antibodies. (iflscience.com)
The high lauric content of virgin coconut oil is known to strengthen the human immune system against microbes and viruses, said former agriculture secretary Leonardo Montemayor. (bio-asli.com)

As with swine influenza, the polymerase activity and viral replication of the avian virus became enhanced in humans. (scienceblog.com)

Details on these experiments - which have yet to be published in scientific journals - have come trickling out in the popular press, revealing two different techniques for altering the virus so it could spread, airborne, between ferrets, the animals used to study flu. (livescience.com)
While these new viruses are bad news for ferrets, it's not clear what they mean for humans . (livescience.com)
Ferrets are a good model for (studies on) influenza, how much they mimic humans is another question," said Elankumaran Subbiah, an assistant professor of virology in the college of veterinary medicine at Virginia Tech. (livescience.com)
They've carried out their experiments on ferrets, which respond to flu viruses much like humans do. (boingboing.net)
Other carnivores are also likely to fall foul of flu, he says, adding that his group is now also looking at ferrets, foxes and seals. (bioedonline.org)

Transmission of avian flu from bird to human is very rare and has previously only occurred a small number of times in Britain, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) said. (medicalxpress.com)
The real truth is so far nature has been the worst bioterrorist we know, and it comes up time and again with infectious agents that we couldn't even dream about, so research on bird flu must be continued," said Eckard Wimmer, of Stony Brook University in New York, who was one of the creators of the first synthetic virus. (livescience.com)
But, so far, the people who have caught bird flu don't seem to have contracted the disease from other humans, or passed it on. (boingboing.net)
Bird flu continues to hit Asia. (bioedonline.org)
01/05/2022 [-] Second human bird flu fatality in Feb. (infopig.com)
The world is currently in the midst of a major pandemic of avian influenza, or, in plainer language, bird flu . (grunge.com)
But how do humans catch a bird disease at all? (grunge.com)
Bird flu" is often talked about in the media as if it's a single disease, but there are actually more than 12 types out there. (grunge.com)
The ducks ultimately tested positive for bird flu, and a total of 160 were killed. (grunge.com)
If you are one of the unlucky humans who manages to catch bird flu, what can you expect? (grunge.com)
Bird flu in humans often starts off like a case of the regular influenza virus, with fever, aches, a cough, and a sore throat, according to WebMD . (grunge.com)
To date, however, bird flu has not been able to spread effectively between people. (healthnewstrack.com)

Comparisons between the different bat flu viruses found in Central and South America using a process called phylogenic analysis have shown that there is considerable genetic diversity between these bat flu viruses. (cdc.gov)
This "mobile DNA" or "jumping genes" creates the genetic diversity that allows for the evolution of organisms as diverse as giraffes, humans and manta rays. (epicofevolution.com)

The processes regulating emergence of viruses into the human population involve a complex interplay between virus and host," Doudna says, "and understanding the mechanisms by which influenza viruses acquire the ability to infect multiple species is imperative to controlling future outbreaks. (scienceblog.com)

For instance, within hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes coding for surface glycoproteins used to classify influenza A subtypes, they saw between 99 and 100 percent sequence homology in the set of isolates tested. (genomeweb.com)

This suggests that bat flu viruses may not grow or replicate in humans and would need to undergo significant changes to become capable of infecting and spreading easily among humans. (cdc.gov)
Its non-pathogenic nature in poultry enables the avian H7N9 virus to replicate silently in avian species and to transmit to humans," they continued. (genomeweb.com)

Each one starts when a flu virus present in non-human animals either mutates or swaps genes with another virus, and a fresh human-adapted virus emerges. (appropedia.org)

Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
On the other hand, viruses involved in human H7N9 flu cases in China did appear capable of causing disease in mice: animals infected with those viruses dropped as much as 30 percent of their body weight. (genomeweb.com)
Although these yearly flu epidemics can be fatal in some people, such as the elderly, young children, and people with certain underlying heath conditions, flu is generally not a life-threatening disease in healthy individuals. (bcm.edu)
As the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, officials caution against treating all flu-like illnesses as necessarily a means of seeking treatment. (quickcrea.com)
Epidemiological research suggests that a flu diagnosis might be one factor in the eventual onset of the neurodegenerative disease, but experts say it doesn't prove a causal relationship. (the-scientist.com)
Her primary tasks involve coordinating human disease surveillance activities for tickborne and mosquito-borne diseases in Minnesota as well as working on a variety of studies and special projects regarding the ecology and epidemiology of vector borne diseases in the upper Midwest. (cdc.gov)

How is Swine Flu different from the human flu? (projectswole.com)

Currently, implementation of compulsory control measures in H7N9 virus-positive live poultry markets is preventing further human infections," senior author Hualan Chen, a veterinary researcher affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University, and her colleagues wrote. (genomeweb.com)
More than 130 individuals in China have come down with flu cases involving the avian influenza A virus H7N9 over the past few months, Chen and her co-authors noted, and the virus has been linked to 37 deaths in that country since mid-February. (genomeweb.com)
That rash of flu infections has prompted closure of poultry-markets where the H7N9 virus was detected and spurred interest from several research groups keen to understand the strain's origins, pathogenicity, and transmissibility. (genomeweb.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms18

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Psychiatry and Psychology9

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities4

Information Science15

Named Groups3

Health Care60

Geographicals10

H1N146

Strains21

H5N122

Infect humans5

Vaccines8

Pigs27

Swap genes3

Vaccine16

Scientists8

Genome9

Infection24

Birds15

Transmissible3

Researchers12

Outbreak6

Virus's1

Reassortment7

Respiratory9

Expression of ge1

Mutation2

Strain of swine flu1

Symptoms5

Illness3

Inflammatory genes1

Virulence1

Centers for Diseas2

Sequences5

1918 flu4

Pneumonia1

Populations1

Deadly2

Zoonotic6

Spreads1

Immune3

Swine influenza1

Ferrets5

Bird12

Genetic diversity2

Outbreaks1

Neuraminidase1

Replicate2

Virus emerges1

Disease6

Different from the human flu1

H7N93