• Interestingly, IL-8 has been measured in the colon milieu of healthy volunteers using a dialysis bag inserted in the rectum [ 9 ] suggesting that it might be apically secreted by colonic epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: Primary mouse enteric neurons (EN) were exposed to a conditioned medium from ACE2-expressing Caco-2 colonic epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 or treated with tunicamycin (ER stress inducer). (emory.edu)
  • The cell monolayers also displayed tight junctions and electrical resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been well documented that Caco-2 monolayers represent a reliable correlate for studies on the absorption of drugs and other compounds after oral intake in humans. (phnova.com)
  • The aim of this study was to test the cellular biocompatibility and transport of Nile Red-loaded NSVs (NR-NSVs) across the Caco-2-cell monolayers, which represent an in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium. (unich.it)
  • The transport studies demonstrated that the NR-NSVs moved across the Caco-2 monolayers without affecting the transepithelial electrical resistance. (unich.it)
  • Nanoparticle tracking and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the presence of NR-NSVs in the basolateral side of the Caco-2 monolayers. (unich.it)
  • TEM images also showed that NSVs were transported intact across the Caco-2 monolayers, thus demonstrating a predominant transcytosis mechanism of transport through endocytosis. (unich.it)
  • Cumulative amounts of compounds transferred across Caco-2 cell monolayers were determined from concentrations measured in the receiver (basolateral) compartments. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Moreover, treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of endocytosis decreased invasion of the fungus into Caco-2 cells displaying altered TJ, suggesting that facilitating access of the yeast to the basolateral side of intestinal cells promotes endocytosis of C. albicans in its hyphal form. (rki.de)
  • the basolateral side with primary human endothelial cells [4]. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • But this compound was inactive on cell level possibly due to poor membrane permeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Caco-2 cell monolayer model is a popular surrogate in predicting the in vitro human intestinal permeability of a drug due to its morphological and functional similarity with human enterocytes. (edu.hk)
  • A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study was carried out to predict Caco-2 cell permeability of a large data set consisting of 1272 compounds. (edu.hk)
  • Compared with the reported QSAR/QSPR models about Caco-2 cell permeability, our model exhibits certain advantage in database size and prediction accuracy to some extent. (edu.hk)
  • Finally, we found that the polar volume, the hydrogen bond donor, the surface area and some other descriptors can influence the Caco-2 permeability to some extent. (edu.hk)
  • Thus, BCS class 4 Cefixime can be treated as bcs class 2 by increasing its solubility instead of permeability as evident by ex-vivo and in vivo study. (omicsonline.org)
  • The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp, cm/s) ideals of two compounds (16 and 17) were evaluated as 68.21 and 71.48 10?6 cm/s by Caco-2 cell permeability assay. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • 2-Tetradecanoylamino-1-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzamide (16) and 2-tetradecanoyl-1-(3-carboxyphenyl)-benzamide (17) as representative compounds were tested for permeability house and the Papp ideals were 68.21 and 71.48 10?6 cm/s (Table 2). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in sickle cell disease in Africa: is increased gut permeability the missing link? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay and SYTOX green staining. (bvsalud.org)
  • As shown in Figure the cell lines pre treated with Superox-D proved to be far more resistant to the radical stress induced during the assay with a dose dependent behavior. (phnova.com)
  • Cell Culture Infectivity Assay for Norovirus cally resemble in vivo tissues and organs ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro permeation assay techniques such as Caco-2, MDCK cell lines, PAMPA, tissue based assays like the intestinal everted sac, intestinal single pass perfusion, Thiry-Vella loops are being used [ 6 - 17 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The NBD cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells was determined using fluorometric assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Next, to analyze the response of cells in the inner wall of the small intestine to these two strains, the researchers performed an experiment using the Caco-2 cell line, which is widely used as an in vitro model for studying the human intestinal epithelial barrier. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • The establishment of oral tolerance is dependent on the controlled uptake of food proteins through the intestinal epithelial barrier and its delivery to local dendritic cells (DC) that matured in the intestinal pro-tolerogenic environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • A human intestine model of enterocyte-like cell Caco-2 was selected been widely used as a model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. (phnova.com)
  • We developed one model of skin barrier using a co-culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) and dermal fibroblasts (CCD-1070Sk cell line), one model of pulmonary barrier made of A549 epithelial cells and MRC-5 fibroblasts, and one model of intestinal barrier composed of human Caco-2 enterocytes and HT-29-MTX mucus-producing intestinal cells. (sciforum.net)
  • We developed an in vitro model of epithelial barrier (Caco-2 human enterocytic cell line) to assess the mode of passage of HTLV-1 through the digestive tract. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When human dendritic cells were added to the basal compartment, they were found to be productively infected by HTLV-1 that had crossed the epithelial barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using conventionally raised and germ-free Ern2-/- mice, we found that ERN2 was required for microbiota-induced goblet cell maturation and mucus barrier assembly in the colon. (jci.org)
  • We have begun to establish 3D in vitro human infection models based on Caco-2 and primary intestinal cells mimicking the gastrointestinal barrier. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Cells cultured under these conditions show more in vivo -like characteristics as judged by morphology, barrier function and protein expression. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line is widely used as a model for intestinal differentiation and barrier function. (metu.edu.tr)
  • As the cells mature and differentiate, they acquire their absorptive characteristics but lose the capacity to take up iron from the circulation. (421up.info)
  • Understanding of the pathogenesis of human cate in a physiologically relevant 3-dimensional (3-D), organoid model of human small intestinal epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro differentiation of small intestinal epithelium that nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea within 12-24 hours approaches physiologic functionality of the in vivo host of exposure and typically remain symptomatic for 1-2 may allow for the development of a pathogenesis model days ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We present cultured in the RWV bioreactors, with the rotation speed the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically adjusted to maintain the cell aggregates in suspension dur- relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) ing the entire culture duration (18-20 rotations/min ini- with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Transmembrane mucin MUC17 is an integral part of the glycocalyx as it covers the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes and presents an extended O-glycosylated mucin domain to the intestinal lumen. (scilifelab.se)
  • Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic, small-intestinal T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of dietary gluten from common food grains such as wheat, rye, and barley, in genetically predisposed individuals with a prevalence of about 1% in the general population with regional differences [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This hydrolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme lactase, a β-galactosidase located in the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes. (go.jp)
  • Cells displayed many of the properties that characterize enterocytes, such as apical microvilli, basolateral basement membrane, and glycogen. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Caco-2 BBE model of polarized villus-like epithelium, apical stimulation with TLR2 and TLR5 ligands resulted in the apical secretion of IL-8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo , suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is not known if CXCR1 is expressed on the apical or basolateral poles in polarized Caco-2 BBE cells or human intestinal tissue or whether the direction of TLR signalling influences the direction of IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stimulation of polarized Caco-2 BBE cells with Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, agonists for TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 from the apical or basolateral sides induced secretion of IL-8 predominantly into the apical compartment regardless of the location of the stimulus, although basolateral stimulation induced smaller amounts of IL-8 compared to apical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we observed a specific apical-basal cell polarization in the co-culture systems, being maintained after one-day exposure to the three suspensions of NPs. (sciforum.net)
  • Using Caco-2 cells as a model system, we found that induction of an inflammatory state by long-term stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα resulted in an increase of MUC17 protein levels and enhanced insertion of MUC17 and its two phospho-variants into apical membranes. (scilifelab.se)
  • Our preliminary results with GFP-positive S . Typhimurium applied to the apical compartment followed by flow cytometry demonstrate robust infection of the epithelial cell layer (20-30 % infected cells after 24 hours at an MOI of 10). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Next, we plan to use advanced intestinal tissue models using primary human epithelial cells and apply a constant flow of medium in the apical chamber and pulsatile flow in the vascular compartment within a bioreactor. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Drug-resistant bacterial infections have caused serious threats to human health and call for effective antibacterial agents that have low propensity to induce antimicrobial resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • The data reported in Figure show that Superox-D is able to effectively penetrate the cell membrane and to induce an increased antioxidant capacity in cell cytosol. (phnova.com)
  • The results showed that P. fluorescens can induce hBD-2 production in Caco-2/TC7 cells via P38 and ERK MAPK-dependent pathways. (pasteur.fr)
  • Mice lacking Ern2 had a dysbiotic microbial community that failed to induce goblet cell development and increased susceptibility to colitis when transferred into germ-free wild type mice. (jci.org)
  • We used a previously established model of mouse primary enteric neuronal cells and an enteric neuronal cell line treated with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enteric neuronal cell death. (emory.edu)
  • Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. (mdpi.com)
  • These data should be considered for risk assessments of the susceptibility to Th17-driven autoimmune diseases and to colorectal cancer in humans exposed to TiO 2 from dietary sources. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether multiwalled carbon nanotube s (MWNCT) are taken up by and are toxic to human intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model. (cdc.gov)
  • To assess the ability of being efficiently absorbed in the intestine, the Caco-2 cell model were incubated for 2 hours with media containing different concentration of Superox-D. The ability of Superox-D of being up taken was assessed measuring the Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA) of cell cytosol. (phnova.com)
  • The protective effect of Superox-D was assessed by measuring the ability of some enterocyte-like cell Caco-2 model culture of better resisting to intense antioxidant stress. (phnova.com)
  • The best Boosting model was obtained finally with R 2 = 0.97, RMSE F = 0.12, Q 2 = 0.83, RMSE CV = 0.31 for the training set and R T 2 = 0.81, RMSE T = 0.31 for the test set. (edu.hk)
  • Recently, the first in vitro norovirus cell culture model results demonstrate that the highly differentiated 3-D cell was reported for a norovirus that infects mice ( 18,19 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In rats orally exposed for one week to E171 at human relevant levels, titanium was detected in the immune cells of Peyer's patches (PP) as observed with the TiO 2 -NP model NM-105. (nature.com)
  • Machine learning was used to develop a prediction model for treatment response, which was evaluated for accuracy and clinical benefit using the area under curve (AUC) for classification, R(2) for regression, and decision curve analysis. (inra.fr)
  • Anacardic acid (1, Number 1), a bioactive phytochemical found in the nutshell of reported that the synthesis of benzamide derivatives of anacardic acid and 2-isopropoxy- and 2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-model in drug absorption studies. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • According to the FDA, Caco-2 cell ethnicities can be used as an model in bioavailability/bioequivalence screening of highly soluble medicines that permeate cell layers well [28], together with dissolution tests. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • In this context, it was demonstrated that pepsin digests of gliadin form spontaneously amyloid-like structures that trigger genes in the gut epithelial cell model Caco-2 involved in recruiting specialized immune cells [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To create an infection model closely mimicking the immune reactions occurring in native human tissue we have run a pilot experiment with the above described static tissue models colonized with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • To demonstrate feasibility of transcriptional profiling in multiple major components of the host immune system and the pathogen simultaneously, we purified defined cell populations of the tissue model by cell sorting. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In-vitro metabolic inhibition studies using rat and human liver microsomes and intestinal absorption studies of riluzole in a rat everted gut-sac model were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. (researchgate.net)
  • however, curcumin increases or maintains cell viability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results showed that none of the NP suspensions influenced the cell viability of the co-culture systems, suggesting their good biocompatibility on short-term exposure (24 hours) according to the cytotoxicity assays performed. (sciforum.net)
  • The NR-NSVs did not modify Caco-2 cell viability, which remained unaltered in vitro up to a concentration of 1 mM. (unich.it)
  • On the cell surface, HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 can play diverse functional roles in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, attachments, and innate and adaptive immunity regulations, which lead to various diseases, including cancers and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, YUM70 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection without impacting cell viability in vitro and suppressed viral protein production following SARS-CoV-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, YUM70 rescued the cell viability of multi-cellular human lung and liver 3D organoids transfected with a SARS-CoV-2 replicon. (bvsalud.org)
  • This cell line very closely mimics the layer of epithelial cells that line the inside of the small intestine [ enterocytes ] and to which STEC adheres to create colonies," Moreira Filho explained. (thecattlesite.com)
  • In this context, we aimed to provide a biological evaluation of this type of NPs using in vitro co-culture models of human skin, lung and intestine. (sciforum.net)
  • The major challenge in the oral drug delivery of poorly permeable drug is their transport across intestine [ 1 , 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • We propose a new function for MUC17 in inflammation, where MUC17 acts as a second line of defense by preventing attachment of bacteria to the epithelial cell glycocalyx in the small intestine. (scilifelab.se)
  • Caco-2 cells have many properties much like those of the enterocytes of the small intestine. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • In cells that line the small intestine (enterocytes), a lack of myosin Vb function changes the cell polarity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • which normally project like small fingers from the surface of the cells and absorb nutrients and fluids from food as it passes through the intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CXCR1 is expressed in the human IEC line Caco-2 BBE [ 3 ], which is in agreement with our own microarray data using Caco-2 BBE cell mRNA (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, C3R (100 μM) was able to suppress mRNA expression of NPC1L1 in Caco-2 cells after 24 h incubation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ERN2 acted by splicing Xbp1 mRNA to expand ER function and prevent ER stress in goblet cells. (jci.org)
  • Dendritic cell frequency increased in PP regardless of the TiO 2 treatment, while regulatory T cells involved in dampening inflammatory responses decreased with E171 only, an effect still observed after 100 days of treatment. (nature.com)
  • The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), composed mainly of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, is part of the first line of defense against pathogens. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Pathogens are recognized by various immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen surface, which interact with complementary pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on the pathogen surface the immune cell surfaces. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Diehn M, Bhattacharya R, Botstein D, Brown PO "Genome-Scale Identification of Membrane-Associated Human mRNAs. (openwetware.org)
  • These data were supported by SEM observations of differentiated Caco-2 cells displaying altered TJ, which highlighted membrane protrusions engulfing C. albicans hyphae. (rki.de)
  • The human transmembrane mucin MUC17 responds to TNFα by increased presentation at the plasma membrane. (scilifelab.se)
  • Overexpression and increased presentation at the plasma membrane of wild-type MUC17 and its phosphodeficient variant MUC17 S-4492A protected Caco-2 cells against adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating that C-terminal phosphorylation of MUC17 may play a functional role in epithelial cell protection. (scilifelab.se)
  • The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
  • In this study, we determined the effects of the Kigelia africana, the Mimusops zeyheri and the Ximenia caffra seed-oil on cell proliferation in culture. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The suppression of Caco-2 and HEK-293 cell proliferation by K. africana, M. zeyheri and X. caffra seed oils suggest a potential antiproliferative effect of these tree seed oils on the two cell lines. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of K. africana, M. zeyheri and X. caffra seed oils on Caco-2 and HEK-293 cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The manifestation of in HCC cells is definitely significantly lower than that in normal cells and upregulating manifestation inhibited cell proliferation, indicated that may be an antioncogene57. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Another study suggests C3R could inhibit the glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lactose, a disaccharide and main carbohydrate in milk, requires hydrolysis in the intestinal tract to release its monosaccharides galactose and glucose for use as energy source by enterocytes. (go.jp)
  • The enzyme-treated polysaccharide fraction of natto inhibits glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, human intestinal epithelial cells. (go.jp)
  • These findings suggest that the polysaccharide components of natto selected on the basis of their suppressive effects on sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in silkworms inhibit glucose uptake by human intestinal cells. (go.jp)
  • The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been recently implicated as an essential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in the inflammatory response to colonizing or invading microorganisms via the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigated IL-8 secretion in response to TLR signalling using intestinal Caco-2 BBE cells grown in the Transwell system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific Treg then provide active tolerance to the harmless food proteins at all mucosal surfaces, either via cell contact or via their secretion of immunosuppressive factors that both prevent the induction of adaptive T helper (Th) lymphocytes in response to antigenic re-exposure ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present work, we evaluated the secretion of human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) by enterocytes after infection with P. fluorescens (a species previously suggested to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease) and investigated the effect of this host-defense peptide on the bacterial virulence. (pasteur.fr)
  • In all TiO 2 -treated rats, stimulation of immune cells isolated from PP showed a decrease in Thelper (Th)-1 IFN-γ secretion, while splenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses sharply increased. (nature.com)
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP) expression and secretion by EN were assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. (emory.edu)
  • Morphological alterations in the Caco-2 cells were assessed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy at intervals of one, two and three hours. (thecattlesite.com)
  • SEM and H&E staining provided evidence that doxazosin and carvedilol induced morphological changes in HepG2 cells, and curcumin protected against these effects, maintaining the morphology in 90% of treated cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study demonstrates that curcumin controls doxazosin- and carvedilol-induced cytotoxicity and morphological changes in HepG2 cells possibly by overexpression of Nrf2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Animal-derived oils and purified fatty acids, but not indigenous fruit-tree-derived seed oils, have been used to study cell growth and differentiation. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Soen Y, Mori A, Palmer TD, Brown PO "Exploring the regulation of human neural precursor cell differentiation using arrays of signaling microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
  • Caco-2 cells also undergo autophagy in the course of differentiation. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Here, we describe the protocol for the spontaneous differentiation of Caco-2 cells and the. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Using invasiveness assays on Caco-2 cells displaying pharmacologically altered TJ (i.e. differentiated epithelial cells treated with EGTA or patulin), we were able to demonstrate that TJ protect enterocytes against invasion of C. albicans. (rki.de)
  • Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts uniquely express ERN2/IRE1β, a paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ERN1/IRE1α. (jci.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in enterocytes causing the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). (emory.edu)
  • When the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was stressed, HSPA5 translocated to the cell surface, the mitochondria, and the nucleus complexed with other proteins to execute its functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, most isolates from dogs and cats have been from genotypes C and D, and therefore, do not pose a significant risk for human infection. (antimicrobe.org)
  • Although enterocytes were not found to be susceptible to HTLV-1 infection, free infectious HTLV-1 virions were detected in the basal compartment, and such a passage was temperature-dependent, suggesting a transcytotic mechanism of passage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While S . Typhimurium constitutes one of the best studied laboratory models for enteric bacterial infections, S . Typhi interactions with human host cells remain little understood due to the limited availability of primate infection models. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Moreover, small animal infection models of S . Typhimurium infection do not accurately reflect the innate immune response of the human host due to differences in disease progression and pattern recognition [2, 3]. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Infection models based on engineered human tissue might help to overcome those limitations. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In agreement with the known restriction of S . Typhimurium infection to the human gut epithelium no dissemination into the subjacent endothelial cell layer could be detected. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Twenty-four hours post infection with GFP-positive S . Typhimurium, the tissue was disrupted by trypsinization and bystander and GFP+ epithelial cells, endothelial cells, CD14+ monocytes CD56+ NK-cells and CD4+ T-cells were purified. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The vascular compartment will be supplemented with purified PBMC preparations to understand the role of these cells in human Salmonella infection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Using dual RNA-Seq [6] we will simultaneously resolve human and S . Typhi transcriptomic changes in all cellular components of the PBMC-supplemented human tissue models as the infection progresses. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Results: SARS-CoV-2 infection led to increased expression of BiP/GRP78, a marker and key regulator for ER stress in Caco-2 cells. (emory.edu)
  • COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which caused the pandemic since the first outbreak in late December 2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the efficacy of YUM70, a small molecule inhibitor of GRP78, to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, GRP78 inhibition may be a promising approach to augment existing therapies to block SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses that utilize GRP78 for entry and infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore undertook a preliminary screening study of the three IFBTS seed oils in vitro using human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), a commonly used gastrointestinal cell line, and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293), an epithelial immortalised cell line. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The HEK-293 cell line has been used extensively ( 16 - 17 ) as a laboratory work-horse in several cell culture studies. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the kinetics of tight junction (TJ) formation in parallel with the invasion of C. albicans into the Caco-2 intestinal cell line. (rki.de)
  • An epithelial cell line initiated from a human bone metastasis of a grade IV prostatic ADENOCARCINOMA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Differentiated primary cells represent a variety of cell types such as enterocytes, mucus-producing goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells, which all contribute interactions between host and pathogen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • But such a rapid development and the now wide use of nanoparticle (NP)-based products in the human food chain raise issues for human health ( 3 ) and highlight the urgent need for a specific risk assessment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evaluation of the interactions between multiwalled carbon nanotube s and Caco-2 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesized that enterocyte-enteric neuron interactions were important in SARS-CoV-2-induced diarrhea. (emory.edu)
  • In passive mechanism, diffusion of drug through close junctions of epithelial cells occurs depending on its size and charge while in active transport, uptake of drug is mediated by carrier i.e. active proteins [ 3 - 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Bioinformatics analysis revealed RipD-like proteins in eleven mycobacterial genomes, whereas similar pentapeptide repeats occur in cell-wall-localized bacterial proteins and in a mycobacteriophage. (scilifelab.se)
  • The main issue with gluten proteins is that the human digestive proteases can only partially degrade them leading to a mixture of peptides that elicit immune and toxic effects in predisposed individuals and cell lines [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These cell surface proteins impinge on the vast majority of all cellular functions by mediating nutrient uptake, preserving ion homeostasis and initiating complex signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. (cell-stress.com)
  • Using human lung epithelial cells and pseudoviral particles carrying spike proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we found that YUM70 was equally effective at blocking viral entry mediated by original and variant spike proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this review is to define and characterise common fermented foods (kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, tempeh, natto, miso, kimchi, sourdough bread), their mechanisms of action (including impact on the microbiota), and the evidence for effects on gastrointestinal health and disease in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Caco-2 cells are known to form tight junctions ( 13 - 14 ), have structural properties similar to those of ileal enterocytes ( 15 ) and are hence useful models as they mimic the gastrointestinal tract. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Studies of viral attachment to cells on porous collagen-I coated microcarrier beads under cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using conditions of physiological fluid shear in rotating wall ves- recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses sel bioreactors. (cdc.gov)
  • Human noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacter- attachment to, entry into, and replication within cells of the ial, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness worldwide human gastrointestinal tract, and the resulting symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, we determined the localization of the CXCR1 receptor in Caco-2 BBE cells and human intestinal tissue samples and investigated the role of IL-8 autocrine signalling using transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
  • Previous observations have shown that rotavirus has both a narrowly defined tissue tropism, essentially mature enterocytes of the intestinal villus tip, and a fairly narrow host range restriction, causing disease mainly in suckling animals and usually only with viral strains derived from the same host species. (stanford.edu)
  • The use of engineered human tissue models will allow us to study the role of ncRNA in the interplay of human cells and host-adapted Salmonella with unprecedented resolution. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The results showed that the strain associated with HUS expressed a set of virulence genes that induced a distinct response in human enterocytes, which could help explain its more severe pathogenicity. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Halbleib JM, Sääf AM, Brown PO, Nelson WJ "Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Encoding Structural Characteristics of Differentiating Enterocytes During Development of a Polarized Epithelium In Vitro. (openwetware.org)
  • In the current study, expression profiles of wheat NAC-type transcription factor genes, TaNAC69-1 and TtNAMB-2, were examined under drought, salt, cold, and heat stress conditions in wheat. (metu.edu.tr)
  • In Europe, the current EU Directive 94/36/EC authorizes the use of E171 in foodstuffs without establishing an acceptable daily intake level by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, based on TiO 2 absorption considered to be very low 5 . (nature.com)
  • Transcriptome analyses revealed that Caco-2 BBE cells respond to stimulation with IL-8 supporting the hypothesis that IL-8 induces G protein-coupled receptor signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry analyses of explanted livers identified two SAH phenotypes despite a similar clinical presentation, one with high intrahepatic neutrophils (Neuhi), but low levels of CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. (jci.org)
  • Infected cells secreted the DAMP protein, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), into the culture media, as revealed by proteomic and Western analyses. (emory.edu)
  • Unlike typhoidal Salmonella that consists of the serovars Typhi and Paratyphi and causes the systemic disease of typhoid, NTS generally induces self-limited gastroenteritis in human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Table 2 Papp ideals of the two RN486 compounds. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Review enterocytes, polyphenolic compounds are transported by the portal vein to the liver where they undergo further coupling reactions, similarly to other xenobiotics. (docksci.com)
  • When enterocytes were co-cultured with HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes, no structural modifications were detected in intercellular tight junctions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E74 like ETS transcription factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELF3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL-8 can signal through two receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 both of which are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In neutrophils, IL-8 binding to CXCR1 triggers G protein-coupled signalling and formation of second messengers that mediate cellular migration, exocytosis of effectors and a respiratory burst to facilitate oxygen-dependent killing of phagocytosed microorganisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The "pro-tolerogenic" antigen-loaded DC will migrate to draining mesenteric lymph nodes, where they will present the food protein-derived peptides to naive T cells and favour the induction of a subpopulation of T cells, namely regulatory T cells (Treg). (frontiersin.org)
  • Heat-shock-protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5), aliases GRP78 or BiP, is a protein encoded with 654 amino acids by the HSPA5 gene located on human chromosome 9q33.3. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the current study, we review the newest research progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5 expressions, functions, and mechanisms for cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • This protein helps to determine the position of various components within cells (cell polarity). (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, our observations failed to demonstrate binding of Als3 to E-cadherin as the trigger mechanism of endocytosis of C. albicans into differentiated Caco-2 cells displaying altered TJ. (rki.de)
  • The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced diarrhea remains unclear. (emory.edu)
  • 1) Cell receptors for rotavirus are being identified and characterized by a variety of biochemical and immunological approaches. (stanford.edu)
  • Enzymes carrying NlpC/p60 domains, for instance RipA and RipB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are bacterial peptidoglycan hydrolases that cleave the peptide stems and contribute to cell wall remodelling during cell division. (scilifelab.se)
  • Human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells were maintained and treated with various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 120 mg/l) of K. africana, M. zehyeri and X. caffra seed oil. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Representative models of differentiated human intes- transmission are ingestion of contaminated food and water tinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 and person-to-person contact ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • found that the manifestation of NLRP3 in HCC cells was significantly downregulated and even completely absent, and its manifestation was negatively correlated with the pathological grade and medical stage of HCC, indicating that the NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in the progression of HCC51. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • The Goal2 inflammasome can weaken the activation of S6K1 by focusing on mTOR, therefore inhibiting the growth of malignancy cells, and the build up of the Goal2 inflammasome can cause HCC cells pyroptosis, exerting antitumor effects53,54. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • The levels of the NLRP1 inflammasome in CRC cells are lower than those in adjacent cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Real-life exposure to Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells. (inrae.fr)
  • The most rapid means to alter the cell surface proteome in response to stress is by alterations in endocytosis. (cell-stress.com)
  • Cells have to cope with challenging changes in their environment such as alterations in osmolarity, ion homeostasis, redox state, oxygen or nutrient supply, or exposure to ionizing radiation or potentially toxic substances. (cell-stress.com)
  • Compound 17 was more active than anacardic acid against human colon cancer (HCT 116, IC50: 29.17 M), human being lung malignancy (A549, IC50: 32.09 M) cell lines. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Pyroptosis and lung malignancy (LC) In non-small cell lung malignancy (NSCLC), higher GSDMD expression is related to invasive features, including more advanced tumor-node-metastasis stages and larger tumor sizes. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • to inhibit the actions of cytokines made by Th1 immune system cells.9 Moreover, a direct impact of just one 1,25(OH)2D3 on B-cell homoeostasis Mouse monoclonal to SNAI1 has been verified.10 Therefore, supplement D may have a job in B-cell-related autoimmune disorders such as for example SLE. (informationalwebs.com)
  • In this study, mechanisms of resistance to imatinib-induced apoptosis in human K562 cells were examined. (metu.edu.tr)
  • It is necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interaction of C. albicans with enterocytes to better understand the basis of commensalism and pathogenicity of the yeast and to improve the management of disseminated candidiasis. (rki.de)
  • Reports claim that sufferers with SLE possess modifications in steroid hormone fat burning capacity.11 It's been demonstrated Nifuroxazide that oestrogen results are mediated through oestrogen receptors and probably , that are expressed in an array of immune system cells and so are involved with adaptive and innate immune system responses. (informationalwebs.com)
  • These studies indicated that pyroptosis may perform a dual part in promoting and inhibiting tumor cell growth in different tumor cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Some strains of Escherichia coli bacteria, which normally live in the digestive tract of humans and other animals, produce Shiga toxin, one of the most potent bacterial toxins known, and are therefore known as STEC, short for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli . (thecattlesite.com)
  • C. albicans is a commensal yeast of the mucous membranes in healthy humans that can also cause disseminated candidiasis, mainly originating from the digestive tract, in vulnerable patients. (rki.de)