• Additionally, we sought to identify hEB markers that could be used to determine the presence of differentiated cells in specific tissues, allowing for the purification of homogeneous cell populations or serving as indicators of hESC differentiation. (molcells.org)
  • Furthermore, our data analysis revealed that the cell cycle, urea cycle, p53 signaling, and metabolism of amino groups are significantly implicated in the regulation of hESC differentiation. (molcells.org)
  • The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in orchestrating self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has been revealed in a number of recent studies. (muni.cz)
  • And while in human pluripotent stem cells, miRNAs have been directly linked to the core pluripotency network, including the cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of the self-renewing capacity, their role in the onset of differentiation in other contexts, such as determination of neural cell fate, remains poorly described. (muni.cz)
  • He did his Ph.D. in Biochemistry at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, working on reproductive immunology, with the focus on trophoblast invasion and differentiation and their role in human blastocyst implantation. (stanford.edu)
  • During both these processes, mitosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells have been observed in the endometrium (11). (jri.ir)
  • All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • RNA sequencing analysis was performed on a total of 15 samples, including haploid and diploid human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells at different differentiation states and cell cycle phases. (nih.gov)
  • Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride also inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6), promotes cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro and promotes neural differentiation of hPSCs as part of a chemical cocktail. (tocris.com)
  • miR122 is the prevalent miRNA in adult healthy liver and it is responsible for liver stem cell differentiation towards hepatocyte lineage. (oncotarget.com)
  • HCC stem-like cells can be directed towards cell differentiation and tumor dormancy by restoring miR122 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
  • We also demonstrated that CHD2 haploinsufficiency altered CHD2 and H3K27ac coenrichment on chromatin and expression of associated genes, decreasing acetylation and expression of cell cycle genes while increasing acetylation and expression of neuronal genes, to cause precocious differentiation. (wustl.edu)
  • In the study Inactivation of PLK4-STIL Module Prevents Self-Renewal and Triggers p53-Dependent Differentiation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Renzova and colleagues blocked the function of PLK4 or STIL with the idea to put a brake on the centrosome duplication pathway and hence to prevent centrosome to duplicate in stem cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • The team subsequently focused on the examination of effects of centrosome depletion on stem cell properties to find that the centrosome loss led to downregulation of regulators of pluripotency OCT-4 and NANOG and a concomitant increase in the expression of proteins which marked the initiation of differentiation program (namely p53, PAX-6, brachyury etc. (databasefootball.com)
  • Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • The HUCMSCs derived multiple donors were performed comprehensively analysis and potent assays including expressions of surface markers, viability, growth curve, karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, differentiation potentials, and immune regulation capability. (researchsquare.com)
  • The HUCMSCs derived multiple donors kept a high consistency in surface marker expressions, viability, growth curve, tumorigenicity in nude mic, but had robust heterogeneities in differentiation potentials and immune regulations. (researchsquare.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely tested for treating a variety of refectory medical indications such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease due to their multiple differentiation potentials and immunomodulation capability [1-5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • WDR5, also known as BIG-3, is expressed in the developing growth plate, accelerates chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and regulates osteoblast differentiation during embryonic bone development. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally in a myriad of cell types and play critical roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cardiomyocyte development, differentiation, and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such a prospect is currently hampered, however, in part by an incompletely defined complex of molecular regulators of cardiac cell development and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This commentary discusses the findings from Wagh and colleagues published in this issue of Stem Cell Research and Therapy demonstrating a critical role for miR-363 in post-transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation via the hand and neural crest derivative expressed HAND1 transcription factor [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying molecular regulators and critical mediators of cardiac cell type development, proliferation, and differentiation is of great clinical importance, and unraveling such molecular horizons could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for successful regeneration of the human adult heart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs could thus be the best targets for understanding cardiac specialization during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromatin and Transcriptional Signatures for Nodal Signaling During Endoderm Formation in hESCs The first stages of embryonic differentiation are driven by signaling pathways hardwired to induce particular fates. (ca.gov)
  • the EST, which assesses the effects of compounds on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes, can be used to rank the potency of chemicals within a series of alkoxyacetic acid metabolites formed from The implementation of the European REACH (Registration, glycol ethers. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) commonly describe the nonfunctional p53-p21 axis of the G1/S checkpoint pathway with subsequent relevance for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response (DDR). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this cell type, p53 activates numerous microRNAs (like miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-302d) that directly inhibit the p21 expression in hESCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The establishment of the first human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in 1998 provided a unique tool for studying human development. (molcells.org)
  • These results may thus facilitate studies of human developmental events and provide information regarding Korean embryo-derived hESCs, which could be used to determine differences in developmental events between human races. (molcells.org)
  • To bridge this gap, we used three model cell types to study miRNA expression patterns: human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESCs-derived self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs), and differentiating NSCs. (muni.cz)
  • Our data also indicates that miRNA clusters enriched in NSCs share the target-determining seed sequence with cell cycle regulatory miRNAs expressed in pluripotent hESCs. (muni.cz)
  • In addition to these neuronal phenotypes, knockdown of Rem2 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) inhibits the proliferative ability of hESCs via regulation of cyclin D1 localization and p53 transcriptional buy Decitabine activation, which promote cell cycle progression and protection from apoptosis, respectively [23]. (health-ground.com)
  • showed, for the first time, that RHAMM is differentially expressed during all stages of preimplantation human embryos and human embryonic stem cells (hESC), and indicated that RHAMM knockdown results in down-regulation of several pluripotency markers in hESCs, induction of early extraembryonic lineage, loss of cell viability, and changes in hESC cycle (2). (jri.ir)
  • In 2009 beginning of 2010 we have focused on investigating what factors human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may produce that enhance regeneration and if those factors have any effects by themselves on regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • We confirmed that typical growth factor signaling was in fact occurring in muscle cells exposed to hESC produced factors, and that hESCs produce a TGF-beta antagonist. (ca.gov)
  • In the next reporting period we will re-confirm that the levels of candidate proteins from the 500 antibody array actually are very highly produced by hESCs and that the signals from these proteins are perceived by regenerating muscle cells. (ca.gov)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • Two of these papers redefine endodermal subtypes derived from hESCs, including new methods to isolate lineage restricted endodermal populations and a means to distinguish between single endodermal cells. (ca.gov)
  • We have identified a new motif, termed SMAD Complex Associated (SCA) that is bound by SMAD2/3/4 and FOXH1 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • To elucidate the Nodal transcriptional network that governs endoderm formation, we used ChIP-seq to identify genomic targets for SMAD2/3, SMAD3, SMAD4, FOXH1 and the active and repressive chromatin marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • physiologically based animals because a mouse embryonic stem cell line is used. (cdc.gov)
  • Basic patterns of hormones & early embryonic stages There have been few markers for ovulation & the first 10 post-ovulatory days. (slideserve.com)
  • These cells are located on the outer surface of the embryo in the early embryonic stages. (mpg.de)
  • Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
  • In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, comprising both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, possess two remarkable features: pluripotency - the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types of the adult organism - and self-renewal - the ability to indefinitely divide and produce cells with unchanged potential. (databasefootball.com)
  • Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
  • WDR5 interacts with the pluripotency factor Oct4/POU5F1 and is required for the efficient formation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, evidence indicates that the induction of pluripotency in iPSCs reverts the cellular age to an embryonic state, thereby limiting the ability of iPSC-derived neurons to capture cellular events that occur in adult neurons. (wustl.edu)
  • By employing microRNA expression profiling and functional knockdown studies on human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the authors identified miR-363 as an upstream negative regulator of left ventricular specification transcription factor HAND1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The efficient derivation of specialized and functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) from pluripotent stem cells is a primary goal for stem cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Restitution of miR122 in BCLC9 cells, decreases cell proliferation rate and reduces significantly tumor size in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Treatment of miR122 positive cells with an inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation, abolished tumor dormancy program and recovered cell proliferation rate through a Smad-independent TGF-β response. (oncotarget.com)
  • In order to distinguish the rate of proliferation between different PHM clones, a comparative index (CI) was established using the cell cycle and total RNA data of the two PHM clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • Finally, FGF6 and FGF2, both individually and sequentially, were used to treat quiescent myoblasts to determine their involvement in activation and proliferation with the use of cell cycle analysis and mRNA assessment of ki67, p21, myf5, and MyoD. (sun.ac.za)
  • However, FGF2 did impede the cell cycle inhibition factor p21, indirectly influencing proliferation. (sun.ac.za)
  • The inverse sequential treatment order did not demonstrate any significant effect on both activation and proliferation of the quiescent cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • p53 plays a role in regulation or progression through the cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability by means of several mechanisms: It can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can arrest growth by holding the cell cycle at the G1/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition-if it holds the cell here for long enough, the DNA repair proteins will have time to fix the damage and the cell will be allowed to continue the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the launch of the human proteome project (HPP), the association of Y chromosome proteins with pathological conditions has been increasingly explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, RGK proteins are differentially expressed in specific tissues with transcriptional regulation of their mRNA manifestation mediated by way of a selection of extrinsic elements (i.e. blood sugar, mitogens, and neuronal depolarization) [1,11C14]. (health-ground.com)
  • DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
  • DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
  • These proteins are chemically modified by polycomb enzymes and act as an additional reading block that is used sparingly by the cell. (mpg.de)
  • Centrosome duplicates once per cell cycle, with proteins PLK4 and STIL playing the pivotal role in the regulation of a key step in centrosome cycle - the duplication of centrioles. (databasefootball.com)
  • Wnt family proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in multiple developmental processes including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. (biolegend.com)
  • Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)
  • We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)
  • The comprehensive miRNA profiling presented here reveals novel sets of miRNAs differentially expressed during human neural cell fate determination in vitro. (muni.cz)
  • This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
  • Myc-transformed epithelial cells down-regulate clusterin, which inhibits their growth in vitro and carcinogenesis in vivo. (wikidata.org)
  • Most studies investigating satellite cells in vitro use already activated satellite cells, called myoblasts. (sun.ac.za)
  • Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)
  • These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
  • RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • However, mechanisms by which CHD2 regulates human brain development remain largely uncharacterized. (wustl.edu)
  • regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Concerning reproductive tissues, several reports have described RHAMM-mediated promotion of cell growth and movement, sperm motility (8), angiogenesis (3) and embryonic development (9). (jri.ir)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The poor performance of stem cells in an aged organ, such as skeletal muscle, is caused by the changes in regulatory pathways such as Notch, MAPK and TGF‐β, where old differentiated tissues and blood circulation inhibit the regenerative performance of organ stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Cells Tissues Organs (2011) 193 (4): 239-252. (karger.com)
  • Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) comprise a large, heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm. (medscape.com)
  • Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)
  • The role of MSY genes in important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, translation, and protein stability in males is vital not only in sex determination but also in sex-dependent organ development [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, he moved to Stanford University for a postdoctoral fellowship on the role of transcription factor Pbx1, a leukemia proto-oncogene, on B cell development. (stanford.edu)
  • His work covers various topics, including B cell responses to viral infection and vaccination, human primary immunodeficiency, and biology of lymphocyte development and function and to elucidate etiology of immunological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • In a subsequent study, morpholino-mediated knockdown of Rem2 expression in zebrafish during embryonic development caused a loss of neural tissue and increased apoptosis in the nervous system [22]. (health-ground.com)
  • We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Disease research and drug development models based on genetically altered human embryonic stem cells. (korea.ac.kr)
  • EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, the appropriate expression level of the EZH2 gene is important for embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study is aimed at providing information for understanding the biological function of EZH2 in porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we used a human embryonic stem cell model of cortical interneuron (hcIN) development to elucidate its roles in this process. (wustl.edu)
  • The human placental genome cannot be studied during development for practical and ethical reasons. (mpg.de)
  • Even though centrosome and centrioles have already been studied for over a century, it is only the recent years when centrosome-focused research has boomed and flourished, as many previously unpredicted links to human diseases, embryogenesis, and development have been revealed. (databasefootball.com)
  • Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. (karger.com)
  • Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
  • Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
  • The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
  • We model central nervous system development using organoids, and select three histone modifications as proxies for dynamic epigenetic change and validate our findings in a primary developing human brain. (researchgate.net)
  • Further exploring the role of miRNAs in cardiac cells during development and disease may therefore hold great promise for cardiac therapy applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnt-3a is required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. (biolegend.com)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are fundamental in embryonic development but also in adult skeletal muscle regeneration from injury or pathology. (sun.ac.za)
  • The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2003, Lamartine reclassified the ectodermal dysplasias into the following 4 functional groups based on the underlying pathophysiologic defect: (1) cell-to-cell communication and signaling, (2) adhesion, (3) development, and (4) other. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] Other classification systems categorize the ectodermal dysplasias based on defects in cell-cell communication and signaling, adhesion, transcription regulation, or development. (medscape.com)
  • A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
  • The pathways of glutamate and glutamine oxidation by tumor cell mitochondria. (wikidata.org)
  • With this goal in mind, we wanted to determine the signaling pathways associated with J2 cells and Y that are paramount to the immortalization process. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • The compound can also be used in protocols for the chemical reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs.Shown to induce autophagy in cancer cell lines via a mechanism independent of AMPK inhibition. (tocris.com)
  • In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
  • Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
  • Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
  • Alternatively, direct conversion (reprogramming) of adult human fibroblasts to neurons bypasses the stem cell stage and propagates the age signature stored in original somatic cells to the reprogrammed neurons, offering the experimental benefit of modeling adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. (wustl.edu)
  • Most studies have been performed on large cell populations, but detailed understanding of cell dynamics and heterogeneity requires single-cell analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
  • In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)
  • However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
  • These conditionally reprogrammed epithelial cells indicated markers of adult stem cells, but not of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, and appeared to consist of cell populations resembling their main tissue of source, making them ideal to study tissue regeneration, as well as normal physiologic and pathologic processes [8]. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is known that RHAMM plays an important role in several cellular events, but the role of RHAMM during estrous cycle and embryo implantation has not been investigated much. (jri.ir)
  • Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • This neurosphere model might provide the basis of a human-based cellular approach for the regulatory exploration of developmental impact of potential toxic chemicals. (plos.org)
  • Thus, it has been argued that the observed bivalency simply reflects cellular heterogeneity arising from the averaging of cells that carry either, but not both, marks at a given locus (Fig. 2). (researchgate.net)
  • WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a member of the WD repeat protein family, which is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Given the notion that a single miRNA may have multiple cellular targets and given the existence of vast numbers of miRNAs (~1,500 in humans), we can expect to witness the discovery of novel miRNA-dependent regulation in the modulation of versatile biological functions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • reported that anti-RHAMM antibodies block the migration of endothelial cells, which is an important key to the process of tissue injury and angiogenesis (3). (jri.ir)
  • To date, a lot of EZH2 variants have been found in various cell and tissue types [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our work is at the stage of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the aging of the regenerative potential of organ stem cells can be reversed by particular human embryonic factors that are capable of neutralizing the affects of aged niches on tissue regenerative capacity. (ca.gov)
  • Finally, our data suggest that muscle stem cells either do not accumulate DNA damage with age or can efficiently repair such damage, when activated for tissue regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • Thus, the use of hESC-produced pro-regenerative factors for boosting the regenerative capacity of organ stem cells is likely to yield healthy, young tissue. (ca.gov)
  • Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. (ca.gov)
  • And even in mice , this would be extremely difficult: "The placenta as part of the embryo fuses to the maternal tissue after implantation, and the blood vessels permeate each other, making it difficult to separate the cells for analysis," says Raha Weigert, who is a researcher in Meissner's lab. (mpg.de)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
  • Satellite cells exist in quiescence in the muscle tissue and only become activated following an insult. (sun.ac.za)
  • Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Dr CHAUHAN (India)1 welcomed the updated WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. (who.int)
  • lymphoid tissue, and digestive tract), which the animal model captures the It can be difficult to parse out concordance has often been ob- range of potential human response reasons for lack of tumour site con- served among different species after to the particular agent tested. (who.int)
  • Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • BCLC9-miR122 cells down-regulate expression of MYC, KLF4, FOXM1, AKT2 and AKT3 genes and up-regulate FOXO1 and FOXO3A gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • DAZ (Deleted in Azoospermia) family genes are important fertility factors in many animals including humans. (ijbs.com)
  • In human, an array of four DAZ genes ( DAZ 1-4) is located in two clusters on the Y chromosome and mutations of these genes cause severe oligospermia or azospermia [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Most DNA in our cells is inactivated in such a way, but the start sequences of genes do not carry such marks. (mpg.de)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
  • siRNA screening The siRNA library to assess factors secreted by J2 cells was comprised of 332 fully annotated genes based on the 3T3 cell transcriptome in GEO database "type":"entrez-geo","attrs":"text":"GSM1348503″,"term_id":"1348503″GSM1348503. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Lack of Wnt signaling disrupts transcriptional activation of tumor suppressor genes, and has been shown to result in neoplastic transformation, oncogenesis, and human degenerative disease. (biolegend.com)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • Below you can see some examples of the infrastructure for research on genes and cells, available for researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated that POU5F3 , SOX2 , and CEBP played a role in cell type-specific transcription of cNANOG . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of particular interest is their contribution to Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) as well as their potential impact on stem cells. (plos.org)
  • PBK model allows the prediction of dose-response curves for implantation rat whole-embryo culture test, the rat limb bud human developmental toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 7 ] Similarly, in 2001, Priolo and Laganà reclassified the ectodermal dysplasias into 2 main functional groups: (1) defects in developmental regulation/epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and (2) defects in cytoskeleton maintenance and cell stability. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • Clinical research had demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of interventions using adult stem cells rather than embryonic cells, a direction that guaranteed respect for human dignity, even at the embryonic stage. (who.int)
  • In addition to the full-length protein, the human TP53 gene encodes at least 15 protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mutant p53 will no longer bind DNA in an effective way, and, as a consequence, the p21 protein will not be available to act as the "stop signal" for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • The p21 protein binds directly to cyclin-CDK complexes that drive forward the cell cycle and inhibits their kinase activity, thereby causing cell cycle arrest to allow repair to take place. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we describe DCFHP, a ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine candidate that, when formulated with aluminum hydroxide as the sole adjuvant (DCFHP-alum), elicits potent and durable neutralizing antisera in non-human primates against known VOCs, including Omicron BQ.1, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. (stanford.edu)
  • Overexpression research show that Rem2 can inhibit voltage-gated calcium mineral channel currents in a number of cell types [8,16C19], as reported for additional RGK BSP-II protein [20]. (health-ground.com)
  • In addition, miR122 transfected cells decreased AKT2 kinase activation while decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3A protein inactivation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
  • The extracellular E2 domain, a dimeric coiled coil and one of the most highly conserved regions of the protein from Drosophila to humans. (handwiki.org)
  • Using gene manifestation profiling, practical siRNA library testing and reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA), we buy Dihydrotanshinone I found that J2 cells and Y produced a cooperative effect on human being foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs), which resulted in suppression of TGF- signaling juxtaposed with up-regulation of changes in cell cycle progression, cell adhesion and motility. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • RNA profiling by transcript assays and protein profiling by mass spectrometry demonstrates that adult human brain and miNs from adult fibroblasts have indistinguishable 4R tau profiles, which starkly contrasts with the low 4R tau expression in primary fetal human neurons and iPSC-Ns. (wustl.edu)
  • Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • When applied to adult fibroblasts, miR-9/9*-124 converts them to neurons (miNs) by first causing cell cycle exit and fibroblast identity erasure, followed by the neuronal program activation in sequence1. (wustl.edu)
  • Importantly, self-renewal potential of these cells was strongly compromised, the cells stopped proliferating 4-5 days after the centrosome duplication block was applied. (databasefootball.com)
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Wnt-3a mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts. (biolegend.com)
  • Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but as of yet not from humans. (nih.gov)
  • Co-culture of human being main epithelial cells with irradiated 3T3 fibroblast feeder cells (J2 cells) and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) allows for the unrestricted growth of cells of epithelial source by the process termed conditional reprogramming. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Recently, this co-culture technique was altered to include epithelial cells from prostate, buy Dihydrotanshinone I breast, trachea, liver and lung, wherein the use of J2 cells and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) resulted in the quick reprogramming of cells into immortalized karyotype-stable ethnicities [6, 7]. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context, we conducted microarray-based differential gene expression analyses using two Korean embryo-derived hESC lines (CHA3 and CHA4) to identify undifferentiated and spontaneously dif-ferentiated (human embryoid body, or hEB) status. (molcells.org)
  • Indeed, both the hESc and human neuroprogenitor cell (hNPC) models provide valid and useful tools for studying DNT. (plos.org)
  • however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
  • As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
  • Here, we present whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of a wide variety of histone markers in the brain, heart, and liver of early human embryos shortly after their formation. (researchgate.net)
  • Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HUCMSCs derived different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stem cell therapy. (researchsquare.com)
  • The uterus undergoes extensive remodeling during estrous cycle and embryo implantation (10). (jri.ir)
  • Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no evidence that the aging of individual cells plays an important role in the aging of the whole organism. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Before Hayflick's discovery, the prevailing view was that cells are immortal, and aging and death are a property of the organism as a whole. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • So far, the expression pattern and the function of EZH2 have been broadly studied in humans [ 11 ] and mice [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the team decided to study cell cultures of cells from mice, specifically the trophoblast stem cells, which would later develop into the placenta. (mpg.de)
  • Given that p53 has been shown to mediate consequences of centrosome loss in mice and human somatic cell lines, the team examined its role in the context of centrosome loss in human stem cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • In addition, three HUCMSC lines applied to mice liver fibrosis model had different therapeutic outcomes, in line with individual immune regulation capability. (researchsquare.com)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cell Reports, Available online 14 November 2023. (lu.se)
  • Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. (nih.gov)
  • In the cells of the placenta however, these markings are randomly scattered throughout the entire genome. (mpg.de)
  • For unknown reasons, the genome of the placenta is less methylated than the DNA of normal body cells, as Meissner's research group discovered in 2017. (mpg.de)
  • We have made significant progress during the previous granting period which has resulted in a publication in Genome Research detailing genomic DNA methylation changes in a variety of human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives. (ca.gov)
  • Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
  • In the beginning, UPR has protective effect, but in prolonged ER stress UPR triggers apoptotic cell death. (helsinki.fi)
  • as to whether the regulation of VGCCs is an endogenous function of Rem2, our study reports important data regarding RNAi reagents for use in future investigation of this issue. (health-ground.com)
  • Currently, the molecular mechanisms controlling the tight regulation of 4R-expression remains largely unknown, and a human neuron-based platform that recapitulates 4R-tau expression of the endogenous MAPT as in the adult brain will be vital for studying tauopathies. (wustl.edu)
  • The endogenous tau isoform regulation in miNs is sensitive to a point mutation within the splice site proximal to exon 10 in tauopathy patients resulting in reprogrammed neurons that showed increased 4R:3R tau ratio. (wustl.edu)
  • The human Y chromosome is a haploid male-specific chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. (nih.gov)
  • Whilst LiCl exposure did not significantly alter the proportion of cells expressing markers for stem cells/undifferentiated cells (Oct4, SSEA4), neurons (Neurofilament M), astrocytes (GFAP) or cell cycle phase, the drug caused a 1.4-fold increase in total cell number. (plos.org)
  • Advanced age is the strongest risk factor for developing a tauopathy, independent of a predisposing mutation, therefore the ability to study tauopathies in adult human neurons is vital to understand the age-associated changes which underly disease onset. (wustl.edu)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been an instrumental tool to generate human neurons. (wustl.edu)
  • Here, we reveal that miRNA-mediated direct reprogramming generates human neurons that express both 3R and 4R tau in the same ratio detected in adult human brains. (wustl.edu)
  • Pope Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, marked his contribution to the abortion debate by removing the distinction between an 'animated' and 'unanimated' fetus from Catholic doctrine, and established the edict that a human should be protected starting from the moment of conception onward. (asu.edu)
  • Father Frank Pavone, a key proponent of the Roman Catholic Church's pro-life movement, has devoted his life's work to ending abortion, euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research, and other techniques and procedures that he believes threaten human life from conception to death. (asu.edu)
  • His rejection of these principles strengthened the Church's stance against abortion and for the idea of 'hominization,' meaning the presence of human qualities before birth. (asu.edu)
  • Other chemical properties and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA have been inconspicuous and did not differ significantly from findings in embryonic cells. (mpg.de)
  • In fact, these findings raised an alerting question if centrosome might perhaps be a completely obsolete organelle for human stem cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
  • In the next funding period we also plan to accomplish transition from mouse model to human cells and studies. (ca.gov)
  • Curiously, despite numerous studies with these cells, the importance and function of centrosome in this cell type has remained elusive. (databasefootball.com)
  • Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measured by its ability to induce Topflash reporter activity in HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The Burroughs Wellcome Fund serves and strengthens society by nurturing a diverse group of leaders in biomedical sciences to improve human health through education and powering discovery in frontiers of greatest need. (bwfund.org)
  • Peak Campbell, KL (1985) Monitoring ovarian function and predicting ovulation: summary of a meeting, Research Frontiers in Fertility Regulation 3:1-16. (slideserve.com)
  • When keratinocytes Rabbit Polyclonal to CSTL1 are co-cultured with irradiated 3T3 fibroblast feeder cells (J2 cells) and growth factors [1, 4, 5], they undergo continuous replication over many decades resulting in their immortalization. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • More than 50 years have passed since the phenomenon of cell aging was proved on fibroblast culture, but the existence of old cells in the body has long been questioned. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Hayflick LimitThe phenomenon of cell aging was first discovered in 1961 by Leonard Hayflick and colleagues on fibroblast culture. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • It turned out that cells in human fibroblast culture live for a limited time under good conditions and are able to double approximately 50±10 times, and this number was called the Hayflick limit [6, 7]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • To compare the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and test their therapeutic variations in mouse liver fibrosis model. (researchsquare.com)
  • Like comments on post-it labels in a cookbook, cells add more information to their genetic material by directing enzymes to attach small hydrocarbon molecules to the DNA (DNA methylation). (mpg.de)
  • To examine how much placental cells depend on the methylation of their DNA, the researchers treated their cell culture with drugs that specifically inhibit methylating enzymes. (mpg.de)
  • Another 2011 study found that the p53 homozygous (Pro/Pro) genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for renal cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Significantly, the increased level of 4R tau correlated with the formation of insoluble tau and seed-competent tau, reminiscent of that seen in human 4R tauopathies, and contrasting the lack of seed-competent tau seen in iPSC-Ns harboring the same patient mutation. (wustl.edu)
  • It is not surprising that vertebrates have significantly higher life expectancy than invertebrates - the same insects whose cells do not divide in adulthood. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • Mouse Wnt3a induces Topflash reporter activity in HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells with ED 50 range of 7 - 35 ng/mL. (biolegend.com)